BS-230 Fundamentals for Service Engineers

Target Audience: Junior Service Engineers (Focus: Repair, Maintenance, Installation)

Objective: To provide a foundational understanding of the BS-230's core technology, key components, and essential precautions for servicing.

Module 1: General Description & Core Technology

1.1. Instrument Overview

• The Mindray BS-230 is a compact, fully automated biochemistry analyzer released in 2016.

• Its primary function is to analyze patient samples (serum, plasma, urine) to measure the concentration of various analytes (e.g., glucose, cholesterol, enzymes).

1.2. Main Technology and Theory

The BS-230 uses Photometry as its core technology to perform biochemical tests.

• Principle: It measures the amount of light absorbed by a reaction mixture in a cuvette.

• Process:

  1. A specific wavelength of light is passed through the cuvette containing the sample and reagent mixture.

  2. A photodetector on the other side measures the intensity of the transmitted light.

  3. The amount of light absorbed by the mixture is directly related to the concentration of the analyte in the sample.

• Key Components Enabling This:

  • Optical System: Comprises a Lamp, Filter Wheel (8 wavelengths), lenses, a Pre-amplifier board, and an AD (Analog-to-Digital) board.

  • Reaction System: Holds the cuvettes where the chemical reaction and measurement occur.

Module 2: Key System Components & Their Functions

2.1. Optical System

• Function: Generates light, selects specific wavelengths, and converts the light signal into a digital value (AD value) for analysis.

• Critical Components:

  • Lamp (12V, 20W): A consumable item (~2000h life). Provides the light source.

  • Filter Wheel: Selects one of 8 specific wavelengths for the test.

  • Pre-amplifier & AD Boards: Amplify and convert the analog photoelectric signal into a digital AD value.

• Key Concepts:

  • Background AD Value: The reading taken with an empty cuvette. Critical for calibration.

  • Light Intensity Errors: Occur if background is too low (<12000) or too high (>63000), often indicating lamp or cuvette issues.

2.2. Sample & Reagent System

• Function: Aspirates, identifies, and delivers sample and reagent to the reaction cuvette.

• Critical Components:

  • S/R Disk: Holds samples (outer ring), reagents (inner ring), and sample adaptors (middle ring). The inner ring does not have barcode scanning.

  • Peltier Cooler: Maintains reagents at 2-12°C. The side with writing is the cooling side.

  • S/R Probe: Aspirates liquid. Features vertical anti-collision but no horizontal anti-collision.

  • Liquid Level Detection (LLD) Board: Detects liquid and prevents probe collision.

  • Reagent Pre-heater Module: Heats reagents to 45°C before dispensing (24V DC).

2.3. Reaction System

• Function: Provides a controlled, temperature-stable environment for the chemical reaction to occur.

• Critical Components:

  • Cuvettes: The disposable containers where reactions are measured. Not compatible with BS-120/180 cuvettes.

  • Heaters & Fans: Maintain a constant temperature of 37°C for the reaction disk.

  • Temperature Sensor: Monitors the temperature (Resistance at 37°C is 1140Ω).

2.4. Hardware Control System

• Function: The "brain" and "nervous system" of the analyzer, controlling all mechanical operations.

• Critical Components:

  • Main Board:

    • Communicates with the PC and any slave machines.

    • Receives all sensor and AD data.

    • Stores all instrument parameters. This is critical!

  • Drive Board: Receives commands from the Main Board and directly controls all motors, valves, and pumps.

  • Power Board: Provides power to the system.

Module 3: Precautions for Installation, Repair, and Maintenance

3.1. General Precautions (Before Any Service)

1. Always note the Model and Serial Number before requesting or providing technical support.

2. Power Down Correctly: Always use the main switch on the rear to turn the instrument off. After software upgrades, you must turn the main switch off and on again.

3. Back Up Parameters: Before replacing a Main Board or performing a "Format EEPROM":

   • TAKE PHOTOS or SCAN the entire parameter list from the software (under Utility > Maintenance > Parameters).

   • Save this backup securely. Without it, the instrument will not function correctly after the main board is replaced.

3.2. Installation Precautions

• Ensure the power socket and main switch are easily accessible.

• Connect the DI water inlet tube with its filter properly.

3.3. Repair Precautions

• Electrostatic Discharge (ESD): Use proper ESD protection when handling boards (Main, Drive, AD, etc.).

• Disconnecting Power: To disassemble the Power Box, you must:

  • Turn off the main switch.

  • Disconnect the AC cable from the box after pulling it out 10cm.

• Component Handling:

  • The lamp is fragile. Handle with care during replacement.

  • Be aware of the lack of horizontal anti-collision for the S/R probe; move the disk manually with care.

3.4. Maintenance Precautions

• Consumables: Know the consumables and their recommended change intervals:

  • Lamp (~2000 hours)

  • Cuvettes (per use)

  • Water Filters (Yearly)

• Resetting Counters: Use the correct menus to reset maintenance counters:

  • Maintenance > Engineer > Clear

  • Alignment > Empty Fluidic Tubes > 2 Pump Maintenance

• Calibration: Understand that the instrument requires regular automatic and manual calibration to maintain accuracy.