All Courses
ð âWealth passes through 3 generations:
The first builds it.
The second grows it. (with 40%)
The third destroys it.â (with 10%)
(Global family business proverb)
ð¯ 1. AIM OF THE COURSE
To help all family members and future leaders:
Understand the difference between ownership and management
Practice structured family governance
Respect corporate governance protocols
Reduce conflict and ensure continuity as the family business grows and professionalizes
ð 2. COURSE OUTLINE
Module 1: Introduction
Module 2: What is Corporate Governance?
Module 3: What is Family Governance?
Module 4: Key Differences: Ownership vs Management
Module 5: Family Governance Structure (Family Assembly, Council, Family Board)
Module 6: Rules of Engagement for Family Members in Business
Module 7: Transition Planning & Succession
Module 8: Role of Independent Directors and In-laws
Module 9: Typical Conflict Scenarios & How to Prevent Them
Module 10: Summary, MCQs & Certificate
ð E-learning Module: Traverse with a Total Station
Dual Language (English & Myanmar)
ð Reading MaterialÂ
1. Introduction / áááá«ááºáž
English:
A traverse is a series of connected survey lines whose lengths and directions are measured using a Total Station. Traversing is used to establish control points, boundaries, and accurate maps.Myanmar:
Traverse ááá¯áááºááŸá¬ áá°áá°áá»áááºáááºáá¬ážáá±á¬ ááá¯ááºážáá¬ááá¯ááºážáá»á¬áž ááŒá áºááŒá®áž áááºážá á¡ááŸááºááŸáá·áº áŠážáááºáá»ááºáá»á¬ážááᯠTotal Station ááŒáá·áº áááá»á áœá¬ ááá¯ááºážáá¬áááºá Traverse ááᯠá¡ááááºážá¡ááŸááºáá»á¬áž áááºáá±á¬ááºáááºá áááºááááááºáááºááŸááºáááºááŸáá·áº áááá»áá±á¬ ááŒá±áá¯á¶áá»á¬áž ááá°ááẠá¡áá¯á¶ážááŒá¯áááºá
2. Types of Traverse / Traverse á¡áá»áá¯ážá¡á á¬ážáá»á¬áž
English:
Open Traverse â Does not return to the starting point.
Closed Traverse â Forms a loop by returning to the starting point.
Myanmar:
Open Traverse â á áááºáá¬áá±áá¬ááá¯á· áááŒááºááá·áº Traverse.
Closed Traverse â á áááºáá¬áá±áá¬ááá¯á· ááŒááºáá±á¬ááºááŒá®áž á¡á ááºááá¯ááºáž ááŒá áºáá±á¬ Traverse.
3. Steps in Traverse Survey with a Total Station / Total Station ááŒáá·áº Traverse Survey á¡ááá·áºáá»á¬áž
Reconnaissance / ááŒáá¯áááºááŒáá·áºááŸá¯ááŒááºáž â Observe the terrain and plan traverse points.
ááŒá±ááŒááºá¡ááŒá±á¡áá±ááᯠááŒáá¯áááºá á áºáá±ážááŒá®áž á¡ááŸááºáá»á¬ážááᯠá á®áá¶áááºáStation Marking / á¡ááŸááºáá»á¬áž áá»ááŸááºááŒááºáž â Mark survey stations on the ground.
Survey Station áá»á¬ážááᯠááŒá±ááŒááºáá±á«áºááœáẠáá»ááŸááºáááºáInstrument Setup / áááááᬠáááºáááºááŒááºáž â Centering and leveling of the Total Station.
Total Station ááᯠCentering ááŸáá·áº Leveling ááŒá¯áá¯ááºáááºáMeasurement / ááá¯ááºážáá¬ááŒááºáž â Measure distances and horizontal/vertical angles.
á¡ááœá¬á¡áá±ážáá»á¬ážááŸáá·áº á¡áá»á¬áž/áá±á«ááºááá¯ááºáá±á¬áá·áºáá»á¬ážááᯠááá¯ááºážáááºáRecording & Coding / ááŸááºáááºážáááºááŒááºáž â Enter field data digitally or manually.
Field Data ááᯠDigitally ááá¯á·ááá¯áẠáááºááŒáá·áº ááŸááºáááºážáááºáááºáAdjustment & Calculation / á á áºáá±ážááŸáá·áºááœááºáá»ááºááŒááºáž â Adjust angular error and check closure error.
Angular Error áá»á¬áž ááŒááºáááºááŒá®áž Closure Error ááᯠá á áºáá±ážáááºá
4. Applications of Traverse / Traverse á á¡áá¯á¶ážáá»ááŸá¯áá»á¬áž
Boundary and land surveys
Road and pipeline alignment
Construction control networks
Mapping large areas
ááŒááºáá¬:
áááºááááááºááŸáá·áº ááŒá±ááᬠá á áºáá±ážááŸá¯áá»á¬áž
áááºážááŸáá·áº ááá¯ááºááá¯ááºáž ááá¯ááºážáá¬ááŒááºáž
á¡áá±á¬ááºá¡áŠáž ááááºážáá»á¯ááºááŸá¯ á¡ááŸááºáá»á¬áž
á§áááá¬áá»ááºáá±á¬ ááŒá±áá¯á¶áá»á¬áž
ð¥ Suggested YouTube Link
ð Traverse Survey with Total Station (Demo)
â FAQs (10)
Q: What is a traverse?
A: A series of connected survey lines measured by angles and distances.
áá±áž: Traverse ááá¯áá¬áá¬áá²?
á¡ááŒá±: áá±á¬áá·áºááŸáá·áº á¡ááœá¬á¡áá±áž ááá¯ááºážáá¬ážáá±á¬ áá»áááºáááºááá¯ááºážáá»á¬ážááŒá áºáááºáQ: What is the difference between open and closed traverse?
A: Open does not return to start; closed forms a loop.
áá±áž: Open ááŸáá·áº Closed Traverse ááá¯á·áá²á· ááœá¬ááŒá¬ážáá»ááºáá¬áá²?
á¡ááŒá±: Open ááẠá áááºáá¬áá±áá¬ááá¯á· áááŒááºá Closed ááẠá áááºáá¬áá±áá¬ááá¯á· ááŒááºááŒá®áž á¡á ááºááá¯ááºážááŒá áºáááºáQ: Why is traverse important?
A: It provides control points and accurate mapping.
áá±áž: Traverse á¡áá±ážááŒá®ážááá·áºá¡ááŒá±á¬ááºážáá¬áá²?
á¡ááŒá±: á¡ááááºážá¡ááŸááºáá»á¬ážáááŸáááŒá®áž áááá»áá±á¬ ááŒá±áá¯á¶áá»á¬áž ááŒá¯áá¯ááºááá¯ááºáááºáQ: What errors occur in traversing?
A: Angular error, linear error, closure error.
áá±áž: Traverse ááœáẠáᬠerror áá»á¬áž ááŒá áºááá¯ááºááá²?
á¡ááŒá±: Angular Error, Linear Error, Closure Error.Q: How is closure error checked?
A: By comparing the calculated coordinates with the start point.
áá±áž: Closure Error ááᯠáááºááᯠá á áºáá±ážááá²?
á¡ááŒá±: ááœááºáá»ááºáá¬ážáá±á¬ coordinate ááŸáá·áº á áááºáá±áá¬ááᯠááŸáá¯ááºážááŸááºááŒááºážáQ: Which instrument is commonly used for traverse?
A: Total Station.
áá±áž: Traverse á¡ááœáẠá¡áá¯á¶ážáá»á¬ážáá±á¬ áááááᬠáá¬áá²?
á¡ááŒá±: Total Station.Q: What data is collected in traversing?
A: Angles, distances, coordinates.
áá±áž: Traverse ááœáẠáᬠdata áá»á¬ážááᯠá á¯áá±á¬ááºážááá²?
á¡ááŒá±: áá±á¬áá·áºáá»á¬ážá á¡ááœá¬á¡áá±ážáá»á¬ážá Coordinates.Q: Where is traverse survey applied?
A: Roads, pipelines, boundary surveys.
áá±áž: Traverse Survey ááᯠáááºáá±áá¬áá»á¬ážááŸá¬ áá¯á¶ážááá²?
á¡ááŒá±: áááºážáá»á¬ážá ááá¯ááºááá¯ááºážáá»á¬ážá áááºááááááºá á áºáá±ážááŸá¯áá»á¬ážáQ: What is balancing of traverse?
A: Adjusting errors to close the survey mathematically.
áá±áž: Traverse balancing ááá¯áá¬áá¬áá²?
á¡ááŒá±: Error áá»á¬ážááᯠááœááºáá»ááºá áœá¬ ááŒááºáááºááŒá®áž survey ááá¯ááááºááŒááºážáQ: What software helps in traverse adjustment?
A: AutoCAD Civil 3D, GIS, Survey Pro.
áá±áž: Traverse balancing á¡ááœáẠááẠsoftware áá»á¬áž áá¯á¶ážáá²?
á¡ááŒá±: AutoCAD Civil 3D, GIS, Survey Pro.
Comprehensive Saltwater Gear Care
Daily & Annual Maintenance for Camera, Dive Watch, Dive Light, and Life Support Equipment
1. ð Reading Material / áááºááŸá¯áááºá á¬á á¯áá»á¬áž
Camera (GoPro / Action Cameras) / áááºááᬠ(ááá¯áááá¯ááŸáá·áº á¡ááºááŸááºáááºááá¬áá»á¬áž)
Module 1 â Introduction to Online Sales
ð¯ Learning Focus: Foundations of digital sales & mindset.
Digital vs. Traditional Sales
Consumer behavior shifts (healthcare, office automation, lifestyle)
Importance of trust & credibility online
Case study: Success of online medical equipment sales
Module 2 â Product Knowledge & Positioning
ð¯ Learning Focus: How to present each product category effectively.
Medical Devices (Glucometer, BP Cuff, Patient Monitor, ECG, Infusion/Syringe Pumps, SPOâ, Oâ Concentrators, Ultrasound)
Rental/Service Products (Hospital Beds, Copiers, Diving tickets, Printer Copiers, Toners)
Lifestyle/Experience (Discover Scuba, Freedive, Mermaid Dive)
Positioning: Differentiating quality, warranty, service support
Module 3 â Digital Marketing Essentials
ð¯ Learning Focus: Getting customers to find you.
SEO (Search Engine Optimization) for products
Social Media Marketing (FB, LinkedIn, TikTok, IG)
Paid Ads (Google Ads, FB Ads)
Storytelling posts (before/after, problemâsolution)
Hashtags & keyword optimization
Module 4 â Content Creation & Engagement
ð¯ Learning Focus: Creating compelling content.
Product Photography & Video (demo of BP cuff, ultrasound, printer, diving trip)
Live streaming product demos
Infographics (e.g., âTop 5 benefits of Oâ Concentratorâ)
Customer testimonials & reviews
Interactive content (polls, Q&A, quizzes)
Module 5 â E-Commerce Platforms & Tools
ð¯ Learning Focus: Selling channels.
Online Shop (website, Odoo eCommerce, Shopify, WooCommerce)
Social Media Shops (FB/IG shop)
Marketplaces (local & global, e.g., Shop.com.mm, Lazada, Amazon export)
Payment & delivery options in Myanmar context
Module 6 â Customer Journey & Conversion
ð¯ Learning Focus: Turning leads into paying customers.
Funnel: Awareness â Consideration â Purchase â Retention
Optimizing landing pages
Upselling & cross-selling (e.g., BP Cuff + Oâ Concentrator bundle, Copier + Toner subscription)
Chatbots, Messenger, WhatsApp, Viber automation
Handling objections online
Module 7 â Customer Service & Relationship Management
ð¯ Learning Focus: Building trust = repeat sales.
Fast response in online inquiries
Transparent pricing, warranty, delivery timelines
After-sales support (training videos for hospital staff, rental contract terms)
CRM integration (Odoo CRM, SAP link)
Loyalty & referral programs
Module 8 â Analytics & Performance Tracking
ð¯ Learning Focus: Data-driven sales.
Key Metrics: CTR, CPC, CAC, ROI, Conversion Rate, Retention Rate
Using FB Insights, Google Analytics, Odoo dashboards
Identifying top-performing products (e.g., printers vs. BP cuffs)
A/B testing of ads & campaigns
Adjusting strategies based on data
Module 9 â Compliance & Ethical Sales
ð¯ Learning Focus: Selling responsibly.
Medical device regulations (MOH, FDA Myanmar)
Ethical promotion (no false claims for health products)
Rental/service transparency (contracts, return policy)
Data privacy & safe payments
Module 10 â Scaling & Advanced Strategies
ð¯ Learning Focus: Long-term growth.
Subscription models (rental beds, copier toners, maintenance packages)
Partnerships & affiliate programs
Influencer marketing in healthcare & lifestyle
Export & international customers (ASEAN market)
Case study: How diving ticket sales boosted tourism & equipment rentals
â Each Module can follow your standard:
Dual language (Eng + Myanmar same line)
30 Key Terms
Reading Materials
YouTube links
3 Case Studies
5 FAQs
10 MCQs (with bolded answers)
ð Why Temporary Tire Plugging Is Needed
ð áá¬ááŒá±á¬áá·áº á¡áá±ážáá±á«áº áá¬áá¬áá®ážáá¬ááŒááºáž áá¯ááºááá·áºááá²
â 1. Emergency Use Only
For sudden tire punctures while driving. áá±á¬áºáá±á¬áºáá¬ááºáá±á¬ááºážáá±á áẠáá¬áá¬áá±á«ááºááœá¬ážáá±á¬á¡áá« á¡áá±ážáá±á«áº á¡áá¯á¶ážááŒá¯áááºá
Prevents being stranded in unsafe or remote areas áá±ážááœá¬áá±á¬áá±áá¬/áá¯á¶ááŒá¯á¶ááŸá¯áááŸááá±á¬áá±áá¬áá»á¬ážááœáẠááááºááááŒááºážá០áá¬ááœááºááá¯ááºáááºá
â 2. Quick and Convenient
Fast fix to continue your journey. ááá®ážáááºááá¯ááºááẠá¡áá»áááºááá¯á¡ááœááºáž ááŒá¯ááŒááºááá¯ááºáááºá
Takes only a few minutes áááá áºá¡áááºážáááºáᬠááŒá¬ááŒáá·áºáááºá
No need to wait for a tow truck Tow áá¬áẠáááá¯á¡ááºáá±á¬á·áá«á
â 3. Cost-Effective
Cheaper than replacing the whole tire. áá¬áᬠá¡áá áºáá áºáá¯á¶áž áááºáááºááẠá á»á±ážáááºáá¬áááºá
Ideal for small punctures (e.g., nails, screws) á¡áá±á«ááºáá±ážáá»á¬ážá¡ááœáẠááá·áºáá±á¬áºáááºá
â 4. Prevents Further Damage
Keeps tire pressure stable temporarily. áá¬áá¬ááá¡á¬áž áá¬áá®áááºáááºááŒáááºááŒááẠááááºážáá¬ážááá¯ááºáááºá
Avoids rim damage or blowouts Rim áá»ááºá á®ážááŒááºážá áá¬áá¬áá±á«ááºááœá²ááŒááºážá០áá¬ááœááºááá¯ááºáááºá
â 5. DIY-Friendly
Can be done by the driver with a plug kit. Plug kit áá áºáá¯ááŒáá·áº áá±á¬ááºážáá°ááá¯ááºááá¯áẠááŒá¯ááŒááºááá¯ááºáááºá
No need for professional tools á¡áá°ážáááááá¬áá»á¬áž áááá¯á¡ááºáá«á
â ïž Important Notes
â ïž áááááŒá¯áááºá¡áá»ááºáá»á¬áž
Temporary only â Not a permanent solution áá¬áá®ááŒá±ááŸááºážáá»ááºáá¬ááŒá áºáááºá á¡ááŒá²áááºážááá¯ááºáá«á
Not for sidewall damage Sidewall áá»ááºá á®ážááŸá¯áá»á¬ážá¡ááœáẠááá¯á¶ážááá·áºáá«á
Get professional repair ASAP á¡ááŒááºáá¯á¶áž ááá±á¬áºáááºááŸááºáááºááŒá¯ááŒááºááŸá¯ áá¯ááºáááºááá¯á¡ááºáááºá

ááœá±ááŒá±ážááá«áá»ááŸá¯ááá¯ááºáá»ááºáá±ážáá°áá«á (AML Policy)
(Unicode Myanmar Font - Fully Compliant)
1. á¡ááŒá±áá¶áá°áá»á¬áž (Core Principles)
áá±á¬ááºáááºá áá á áºááŒááºáž (Customer Due Diligence - CDD)
ááŸááºáá¯á¶áááºá á¬ááœááºá á¬áááºážáá»á¬áž á áá á áºááŒááºáž
áá¯ááºáááºážá¡áá»áá¯ážá¡á á¬ážááŸáá·áº ááœá±ááŒá±ážá á®ážáááºážááŸá¯áá»á¬ážá¡á¬áž á á±á¬áá·áºááŒáá·áºááŒááºáž
áá¶ááááŒá áºááœááºá¡ááŸá¯áá»á¬áž ááááºážááá¯á·ááŒááºáž (Suspicious Activity Reporting - SAR)
áá¯á¶ááŸááºááá¯ááºáá±á¬ ááœá±ááœáŸá²ááŒá±á¬ááºážááŸá¯áá»á¬ážááᯠFIU ááá¯á· á¡ááŒá±á¬ááºážááŒá¬ážáááº
2. ááá¯ááºáá¬áááá·áºá¥ááá±áá»á¬áž (Compliance Requirements)
â ááœá±ááŒá±ážááá«áá»ááŸá¯ááá¯ááºáá»ááºáá±ážá¥ááá± (AML Law 2014)
â á¡ááŒááºááŒááºááá¯ááºáá¬ááœá±ááŒá±ážááá¯ááºáá¬áááºááœááºááŸá¯á¡ááœá²á· (FATF) á á¶ááŸá¯ááºážáá»á¬áž
3. áááºáááºážáá»á¬ážá¡ááœáẠáááºážááœáŸááºáá»ááºáá»á¬áž (Staff Guidelines)
áá±á¬ááºáááºá¡áá»ááºá¡áááºáá»á¬áž á áá áºááá» ááŸááºáááºážáááºáá¬ážáááº
áá»á°ážááœááºáá°áá»á¬ážá¡á¬ážÂ ááá¹áá¬áá±ážááá¯ááºáá¬ááŒá áºááŸá¯ááá¯ááºáá¬á¡ááœá²á· (FIU) ááá¯á· á¡áá»áááºááŸáá·áºáá áºááŒá±ážáá® á¡ááŒá±á¬ááºážááŒá¬ážáááº
4. ááŒá áºáááºáá»á¬áž (Penalties)
â  á¥ááá±áá»áá¯ážáá±á¬ááºáá«á
ááœá±ááŒá±ážáááºáá»ááŸááºááŒááºáž (áá»ááºááááºáž á áá á¡áá)
áá¯ááºáááºážááá¯ááºá ááºáá¯ááºááááºážááŒááºáž
Key Terms in Myanmar
| English | Myanmar (Unicode) |
|---|---|
| Money Laundering | ááœá±ááŒá±ážááá«áá»ááŸá¯ |
| Beneficial Owner | á¡áá»áá¯ážáá¶á á¬ážááœáá·áºááŸááá° |
| Politically Exposed Person (PEP) | ááá¯ááºáá¶áá±ážá¡ááááºááŸá¬ážáá° |
| Transaction Monitoring | ááœá±ááœáŸá²ááŒá±á¬ááºážááŸá¯á á±á¬áá·áºááŒáá·áºááŒááºáž |
AML Compliance Checklist (Myanmar Version)
áá±á¬ááºáááºá áá á áºááŒááºáž (KYC) á á¬ááœááºáá»á¬áž ááŒáá·áºá á¯á¶á áœá¬ááŒáá·áºáá«
áá¶ááááŒá áºááœááºááœá±ááœáŸá²ááŸá¯áá»á¬ážá¡á¬ážÂ FIU á¡ááŸááº(áá á) ááá¯á· á¡ááŒá±á¬ááºážááŒá¬ážáá«
áááºáááºážáá»á¬ážá¡á¬áž ááŸá áºá áẠAML áá±á·áá»áá·áºááŸá¯áá±ážáá«
eLearning Module: Optimizing Your Fleet: A Guide to Fuji Xerox Rental & FSMA
Module Objective:Â This module will explain the key benefits, structures, and considerations of Fuji Xerox's Copier Rental and Full-Service Maintenance Agreement (FSMA) options. You will learn how these solutions provide financial flexibility, predictable budgeting, and guaranteed uptime for your business.
1. Reading Material (Page 1 of 4)
Page 1: Beyond the Purchase: Understanding Acquisition Models
Purchasing a copier outright is just one option. For many businesses, alternative acquisition models like renting and leasing, bundled with a Full-Service Maintenance Agreement (FSMA), offer superior financial and operational advantages.
This guide explores the strategic value of Fuji Xerox Copier Rental and the FSMA, explaining how they work together to provide a predictable, hassle-free printing environment.
What is a Fuji Xerox Copier Rental?
A rental agreement is a flexible, often short- to medium-term contract (e.g., 12-48 months) that allows you to use a Fuji Xerox device for a fixed monthly fee. This fee typically covers the use of the hardware itself but may not include all consumables and services.
Key Concept: You are paying for the usage and access to the technology, not the full ownership of the asset. This is often treated as an operational expense (OpEx).
What is a Full-Service Maintenance Agreement (FSMA)?
An FSMA is a comprehensive service contract that covers the repair and maintenance of your copier. A Fuji Xerox FSMA goes further than a basic warranty, providing proactive support to ensure maximum uptime and performance.
Key Concept:Â An FSMA is a form of "print insurance." It transfers the risk and cost of repairs, maintenance, and often consumables like toner, from your business to Fuji Xerox.
(Continued on Page 2)
1. Reading Material (Page 2 of 4)
Page 2: The Powerful Combination: Rental + FSMA
While you can rent a device without a full service plan, the most common and beneficial approach is to bundle a Fuji Xerox Rental with an inclusive FSMA. This creates a single, predictable monthly payment that covers almost everything.
Whatâs Typically Included in a Bundled Fuji Xerox FSMA?
All Repairs and Maintenance:Â Coverage for all mechanical and electrical failures, not just those covered by a standard warranty.
Proactive Maintenance:Â Scheduled visits by a certified Fuji Xerox technician to clean, inspect, and calibrate your device to prevent problems before they occur.
Toner/Consumables Replacement:Â All toner cartridges, imaging units, and other wear-and-tear parts are included and replaced as needed, at no extra cost.
Travel and Labor:Â All costs for service calls are covered.
Replacement Equipment (Loaners):Â Priority access to a loaner device if your machine requires extensive depot repair.
The Core Benefit: Predictability.
Your monthly payment is fixed. There are no unexpected bills for a major repair, a set of toners, or an emergency service call. This allows for accurate annual budgeting and financial forecasting.
(Continued on Page 3)
1. Reading Material (Page 3 of 4)
Page 3: Financial and Operational Advantages
Choosing a Rental + FSMA model offers significant benefits over outright purchase:
Financial Flexibility (OpEx vs. CapEx)
Preserves Capital:Â Requires little to no upfront investment, freeing up capital for other core business initiatives like marketing, R&D, or expansion.
Operational Expense (OpEx):Â The monthly fee is typically treated as a deductible operating expense, which can be beneficial for tax purposes.
Avoids Obsolescence:Â Technology evolves rapidly. Rental agreements allow you to easily upgrade to newer, faster, more efficient models at the end of your contract term, ensuring you always have modern technology.
Operational Peace of Mind
Guaranteed Uptime:Â The primary goal of the FSMA is to keep your device running. Service Level Agreements (SLAs) often guarantee a technician response within a specific time frame.
Simplified Vendor Management:Â You have one point of contact for everything: machine, service, supplies, and billing.
Expert Support:Â Your equipment is serviced by factory-trained Fuji Xerox technicians using genuine parts, ensuring optimal performance and print quality.
(Continued on Page 4)
1. Reading Material (Page 4 of 4)
Page 4: Key Considerations and Getting Started
Before entering an agreement, understand these key points:
Understanding Your Meter (Click Charge):
Many agreements include a monthly copy/print volume allowance (e.g., 5,000 pages). If you exceed this allowance, you pay a small per-page "overage" or "click" charge. If you are under, you still pay the base fee.
Action:Â Accurately assess your current print volume to choose the right plan and avoid surprises.
Contract Terms and End-of-Lease Options:
Term Length:Â Typically 36, 48, or 60 months. A longer term usually means a lower monthly payment.
End-of-Term:Â Understand your options: upgrade to a new model, continue renting the existing one on a month-to-month basis, or return the device.
Questions to Ask Your Fuji Xerox Representative:
What is the exact response time guaranteed in the SLA?
Are all consumables (toner, drum, stapler, etc.) 100% included?
What is the process for requesting toner? Is it automated?
What are the costs for pages beyond my included monthly volume?
What are my options at the end of the agreement term?
Final Takeaway:Â A Fuji Xerox Rental with a Full-Service Maintenance Agreement is not just a way to get a copier; it's a strategic partnership for managing your document output infrastructure. It provides financial control, reduces administrative burden, and guarantees the reliability you need to keep your business running smoothly.
2. YouTube Link
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_alqwnZ__6Q
3. FAQ x 10
1. What is the main difference between Renting and Buying a copier?
Renting involves a fixed monthly fee for using the equipment over a contract term and is an operational expense (OpEx). Buying involves a large upfront capital outlay to own the asset, which is a capital expense (CapEx).
2. What does a Full-Service Maintenance Agreement (FSMA) cover?
A comprehensive FSMA typically covers all repairs, preventative maintenance, all toner/consumables, travel, labor, and often includes a loaner device if yours needs prolonged repair.
3. Are there any hidden costs with a Rental + FSMA plan?
The goal is no surprises. The main potential extra cost is an "overage charge" if you exceed your monthly included copy/print volume. Ensure you understand the per-page cost for overages.
4. What happens if the copier breaks down?
You call your dedicated Fuji Xerox support line. Based on the Service Level Agreement (SLA), a technician will be dispatched to resolve the issue on-site within a guaranteed time window, often within a few business hours.
5. How do I get more toner?
Under a full-service plan, toner is automatically monitored (often via connected software) and shipped to you before you run out. You can also typically request it through a portal or a phone call at no charge.
6. Can I cancel my rental agreement early?
Rental agreements are fixed-term contracts. Early cancellation usually incurs a significant fee, often amounting to the remaining payments on the contract. It's designed to be a long-term commitment.
7. What happens at the end of the rental agreement term?
You typically have three options: 1) Upgrade to the latest Fuji Xerox model, 2) Extend the rental on a month-to-month basis, or 3) Return the equipment (ensuring it is in good condition per the fair wear-and-tear policy).
8. Is it cheaper to rent or buy in the long run?
It depends on your financial strategy. Buying may have a lower total cost of ownership over 5+ years but requires large upfront capital. Renting has a higher long-term cost but preserves capital and includes service, making total cost predictable.
9. Who owns the equipment during a rental agreement?
The leasing company (often a partner of Fuji Xerox) or Fuji Xerox itself retains ownership of the asset. You are the lessee or renter.
10. Does the FSMA cover damage caused by misuse or accidents?
No. FSMA covers mechanical failure and normal wear-and-tear. Damage from accidents, misuse, neglect, or using non-approved paper/staples is not covered and would be billed separately.
ð¯ Setting up of a Theodolite (Centering, Levelling, and Focusing)
1ïžâ£ Centering
English:
Centering means positioning the theodolite exactly over the survey station mark (point on the ground). The vertical axis of the instrument must pass through this point.
Steps:
Place the tripod stand roughly over the station mark.
Adjust the tripod legs so that the instrument is at a convenient height.
Use the plumb bob or optical plummet to align the theodolite exactly above the station mark.
Myanmar:
Centering ááá¯áááºááŸá¬ theodolite ááᯠáááá»á áœá¬ ááá¯ááºážáá¬á¡ááŸáẠ(ááŒá±áá²á០á¡ááŸááº) áá±á«áºááœáẠááá¯ááºááá¯ááºáááºáááºááŒááºáž ááŒá áºáááºá áááááá¬á ááœááºáááºážáá»ááºážááẠá¡ááŸááºáá±á«áºá០áááá»á áœá¬ááŒááºááœá¬ážááááºá
á¡ááá·áºáá»á¬áž:
ááá¯ááºážá¡ááŸááºáá±á«áºááœáẠTripod ááᯠá¡áááºážáááºáá¬ážáá«á
Tripod ááŒá±áá±á¬ááºáá»á¬ážááᯠáá»áááºá áá»áááºá á¡áááºááŒá±áá±á¬ á¡ááŒáá·áºáá¬ážáá«á
Plumb bob ááá¯á·ááá¯áẠOptical plummet ááŒáá·áº ááá¯ááºážá¡ááŸááºáá±á«áºááœáẠáááá»á áœá¬ áááºáááºáá«á
2ïžâ£ Levelling
English:
Levelling ensures the horizontal plate of the theodolite is truly horizontal. This allows accurate angle measurements.
Steps:
Center the bubble of the level tube using foot screws.
Adjust two screws at a time to bring the bubble to the center.
Repeat the adjustment for all pairs of screws until the bubble remains centered.
Myanmar:
Levelling ááá¯áááºááŸá¬ theodolite á á¡áááºááŒá¬ážááᯠáááá»á áœá¬ á¡áááºááŒááºá¡áá±á¡áá¬ážáá¬ážááŒááºáž ááŒá áºáááºá á€á¡áá¬ááŒá±á¬áá·áº áá±á¬áá·áºááá¯ááºážáá¬ááŸá¯áá»á¬áž ááŸááºáááºáááºá
á¡ááá·áºáá»á¬áž:
Level tube á Bubble ááᯠFoot screw áá»á¬ážááŒáá·áº á¡áááºááá¯á· ááŸáá·áºáá«á
Screw ááŸá áºáá¯á á®ááᯠáááŒáá¯ááºáááºáá»áááºá Bubble ááᯠá¡áááºááá¯á· áá±á¬ááºá¡á±á¬áẠááŸáá·áºáá«á
Screw á¡á¬ážáá¯á¶ážááᯠááŒááºáá»áááºááŒá®áž Bubble ááẠá¡áááºááœáẠá¡ááŒá² ááŸáá¡á±á¬áẠáá¯ááºáá«á
3ïžâ£ Focusing
English:
Focusing means adjusting the telescope to see a clear and sharp image of the object, without parallax error.
Steps:
First focus the eyepiece to see the crosshairs clearly.
Then focus the objective lens by pointing the telescope at the target.
Adjust until the target and crosshairs are both sharp and no relative movement is seen (no parallax).
Myanmar:
Focusing ááá¯áááºááŸá¬ á¡ááŸááºáá áºáá¯ááᯠááŸááºážáááºážááŒá®áž áááá»áá±á¬ áá¯á¶ááááºáá¡á±á¬áẠááá¯ááºáá»áŸáẠáá»áááºáááŒááºáž ááŒá áºáááºá Parallax error áááŒá áºá á±ááẠááá¯á¡ááºáááºá
á¡ááá·áºáá»á¬áž:
Eyepiece ááᯠáá»áááºááŒá®áž Crosshair áá»á¬ážááᯠáá±á«áºááœááºá áœá¬ ááŒááºáá«á
Telescope ááᯠáá áºááŸááºáá¶ ááœáŸááºááŒá®áž Objective lens ááᯠáá»áááºáá«á
Crosshair ááŸáá·áº áá áºááŸáẠááá¯á· áááá»á áœá¬ áááºáá° ááŸááºážáááºážáá¬ááŒá®áž á¡ááœá²á¡ááŒá² áááŒááºáááá·áºá¡áá áá»áááºáá«á
ð Summary / á¡áá»ááºážáá»á¯ááº
Centering: Place the instrument exactly over the survey point.
Levelling: Make the instrument perfectly horizontal.
Focusing: Adjust the telescope to see the object clearly without parallax.
Myanmar:
Centering: áááááá¬ááᯠááá¯ááºážá¡ááŸááºáá±á«áºááœáẠáááá»á áœá¬ áááºáááºáá«á
Levelling: áááááá¬ááᯠá¡áááºááŒááºá¡áá±á¡áá¬ážáá¬ážáá«á
Focusing: Telescope ááᯠáá»áááºááŒá®áž áá áºááŸááºááᯠááŸááºážáááºážá áœá¬ ááŒááºáá«á
á¡ááœááºážáá° áá¯ááºááœááºááŸá¯ áá°áá«á (Insider Trading Policy)
(Unicode ááŒááºáá¬áá±á¬áá·áº - á á®ážááœá¬ážáá±ážáá¯ááºáááºážáá»á¬ážá¡ááœááº)
áá á¡áááá¹áá«ááºááœáá·áºááá¯áá»ááº
á¡ááœááºážáá° (Insider) ááá¯áááºááŸá¬ -
â áá¯áá¹ááá®á á¡áá¬ááŸááá»á¬ážá áá«ááá¯ááºáá¬áá»á¬ážá áááºáááºážáá»á¬áž
â á¡áá±ážááŒá®ážáá±á¬ áááŒááºáá®ááááºáž (Material Non-Public Information - MNPI) ááᯠááááŸááá°áá»á¬áž
áá¬ážááŒá áºáá¬ážáá±á¬ á¡ááŒá¯á¡áá°áá»á¬ážÂ -
â MNPI ááᯠá¡áá¯á¶ážáá»á á¡ááá¯ážá¡ááŒáá¯ááºááŸá¬ááŒááºáž
â áááá¬ážá á¯áááºáá»á¬ážá¡á¬áž á¡áá»ááºá¡áááºÂ áá»áŸáá±ááŒááºáž (Tipping)
áá ááá¯ááºáá¬áááá·áº á ááºážáá»ááºážáá»á¬áž
Trading Window áá¬áá¡ááœááºážáᬠáá¯ááºááœááºááœáá·áºááŸá
Blackout Periods (ááá¹áá¬áá±ážá¡á á®áááºáá¶áááá¯ááºáá® áá áááº) ááœááºÂ áá¯á¶ážááá¬ážááŒá áº
Pre-Clearance áá»áŸá±á¬ááºáá¬ážááŒááºáž (á¡ááá·áºááŒáá·áºá¡áá¬ááŸááá»á¬ážá¡ááœááº)
áá áá»áá¯ážáá±á¬ááºááŸá¯ á¡áá±ážáá°ááŸá¯áá»á¬áž
â  ááŒá áºáááºáá»á¬áž
á¡áá¯ááºá០áá¯ááºáááºááŒááºáž
áá±á¬ááºááẠ(á ááŸá áºá¡áá)
ááœá±ááẠ(áá»ááºááááºáž á áá á¡áá)
(ááŒááºáá¬ááá¯ááºáá¶Â á áá±á¬á·áá±ážá¥ááá± áááá  ááŸáá·áºá¡áá®)
á¡áá±ážááŒá®ážáá±á¬ á¡áá¯á¶ážá¡ááŸá¯ááºážáá»á¬áž
| English | ááŒááºáᬠ(Unicode) |
|---|---|
| Material Non-Public Information | á¡áá±ážááŒá®ážáá±á¬ áááŒááºáá®ááááºáž |
| Blackout Period | áá¯ááºááœááºááœáá·áºááááºáá¬á |
| Tipping | á¡áá»ááºá¡áááºáá»áŸáá±ááŒááºáž |
| Pre-Clearance | ááŒáá¯áááºááœáá·áºááŒá¯áá»ááºááá°ááŒááºáž |
áá¯ááºáá¯á¶ážáá¯ááºáááºáž áááºážááœáŸááº
MNPI ááŸááá«á Compliance Officer á¡á¬áž á¡ááŒá±á¬ááºážááŒá¬ážáá«
Trading Window áá¬áááá¯áᬠááá¯ááºáá¬áá«
áááá¬ážá á¯áááºáá»á¬ážá áá±á¬ááºážáááºááŸá¯áá»á¬ážááá¯áá«Â ááááºážáá»á¯ááºáá«
áááºááœááºáááº:
ð§Â [email protected]
ð +áá á ááá ááá ááá
ááŸááºáá»ááº:
á€áá°áá«ááááºÂ SEC Myanmar á áááºážááœáŸááºáá»ááºáá»á¬ážÂ ááŸáá·áºááá¯ááºáá®áááº
Zawgyi áá±á¬áá·áº ááá¯á¶ážá (Unicode áᬠá¡áá¯á¶ážááŒá¯áá«)
(PDF/Word áá¬ážááŸááºážááá¯áá«á áá»á±ážáá°ážááŒá¯á áá±á¬ááºážáá¶áá«á)
á¡áá±ážááŒá®áž: á€áá°áá«áááá¯Â áááºáááºážá¡á¬ážáá¯á¶áž ááŸá áºá ááºáá±á·áá»áá·áºáá±ážáááºÂ ááá¯á¡ááºáá«áááºá
Description for eLearning Module: Insider Trading Policy
This module outlines the company's Insider Trading Policy, which is designed to ensure that directors, officers, employees, and related persons understand their responsibilities when handling material non-public information.
You will learn:
What constitutes insider trading
Who is considered an insider
Trading restrictions and blackout periods
Prohibited activities (e.g., short selling, options trading)
The importance of avoiding speculation and acting with integrity
All employees are required to read and comply with this policy to protect themselves and the company from legal and reputational risks.
If you have any questions after reviewing the content, please contact the Compliance Officer before taking any action.
ð PADI Discover Scuba Diving (DSD) â eLearning Module
Objective:Â Â Â To give participants a safe, fun, and controlled first experience underwater with scuba gear.
Modules Structure:
- Introduction & Briefing â Overview of scuba, safety rules, equipment.
- Knowledge Development â Basic theory (breathing, equalization, communication, pressure).
- Confined Water Training â Practice in shallow pool/lagoon: mask clearing, regulator recovery, buoyancy.
- Debrief & Certification of Participation â Review experience, photos, next course options.
- Open Water Dive â Optional - only in Ngwe Saung Beach. Shallow dive with instructor (max 12m / 40ft).
- Whatâs Next? â Continue your journey with Free Diving, earn your Open Water Certification, or even pursue a future career in scuba diving.
Hospital Doors & Their Applications
Course Level: Advanced
Audience: Sales, Technical, Compliance, Procurement, Installation Teams
Format: Dual-language (English + Burmese), mobile-first, quiz-ready
ð Module 1: Introduction to Hospital Door Systems
Objectives:
- Understand the role of doors in infection control, workflow, and safety
- Identify key door types used in hospitals
Topics Covered:
- Why doors matter: hygiene, zoning, and compliance
- Overview of door types: swing, sliding, hermetic, automatic, X-ray shielded
- Departmental needs: OT, ICU, Radiology, Wards, Labs
Interactive Element:
- âMatch the Door to the Departmentâ drag-and-drop quiz
ðª Module 2: Door Types & Technical Features
Objectives:
- Learn the specifications and use-cases of each door type
- Understand material choices and automation options
Topics Covered:
- Hermetic vs. non-hermetic: sealing and airflow control
- Materials: stainless steel, HPL, powder-coated steel, lead-lined glass
- Automation: sensors, foot switches, access control
Interactive Element:
- âSpot the Specâ image-based quiz with door cross-sections
𧪠Module 3: Compliance & Safety Standards
Objectives:
- Map door features to regulatory requirements
- Understand radiation shielding, fire ratings, and antimicrobial coatings
Topics Covered:
- ISO, CE, and local standards
- Radiation protection: lead equivalency and shielding zones
- Fire safety and emergency egress
Interactive Element:
- âTrue or Falseâ compliance challenge
ð ïž Module 4: Installation & Maintenance
Objectives:
- Understand installation workflows and common pitfalls
- Learn maintenance schedules and troubleshooting basics
Topics Covered:
- Site prep and clean zone protocols
- Door alignment, sealing checks, and automation calibration
- Preventive maintenance and service intervals
Interactive Element:
- âFix the Faultâ scenario-based quiz
ðŠ Module 5: Supplier Comparison & Procurement Tips
Objectives:
- Evaluate suppliers based on technical, commercial, and service criteria
- Learn how to draft door specs for tenders
Topics Covered:
- Supplier matrix: OWNIC, Deper, SHD, Saikang, Perlong
- Hidden costs: installation, warranty, spare parts
- Drafting bilingual spec sheets and approval workflows
Interactive Element:
- âBuild Your Tenderâ template activity
Would you like me to begin drafting bilingual MCQs and FAQs for Module 1 next? Or shall I prep a motivational intro script for staff engagement?
Excellent point â this is exactly where Marketing becomes commercial power, not decoration.
MCOS â Market Control Operating System
MCOS (How you describe it):
English (Executive Definition):
MCOS is our internal business operating system that integrates Sales, Marketing, Product Specialists and Data to control market coverage, product dominance and revenue growth.
Myanmar:
MCOS ááẠá¡áá±á¬ááºážá Marketingá Product Specialist ááŸáá·áº Data ááá¯áá±á«ááºážá ááºážá á á»á±ážááœááºááœáŸááºážááŒá¯á¶ááŸá¯á áá¯ááºáá¯ááºááááºážáá»á¯ááºááŸá¯ááŸáá·áº áááºááœá±ááá¯ážáááºááŸá¯ááᯠááááºážáá»á¯ááºáá±á¬ á áá áºááŒá áºáááºá
HOW YOU "INTRODUCE" THIS SYSTEM TO STAFF
CEO-level statement:
"We are no longer a sales organization only.
We are now running MCOS â Market Control Operating System."
ááŒááºáá¬:
"ááá±á·ááŸá á áá»áœááºáá±á¬áºááá¯á·ááẠá¡áá±á¬ááºážá¡ááœá²á·áá¬áá MCOS á áá áºááŒáá·áº á á»á±ážááœááºááᯠááááºážáá»á¯ááºááá·áº áá¯áá¹ááá®ááŒá áºáá¬áá«áááºá"
á á»á±ážááœááºááááºážáá»á¯ááºááŸá¯ á áá áº
A system that controls market, not just revenue.
Why this is powerful:
Strategic.
Executive-level.
Not just âsales/marketingâ.
Makes leadership think in control, not activity.
Suitable for IPO story.
WHAT YOU CALL EACH TEAM UNDER MCOS
Sales Team
â Revenue Execution Unit
â Vertical Control Team
Marketing & Product Team
â Market Command Unit
â Product Domination Team
Data Team
â Market Intelligence Cell
WHEN BOARD / PARTNERS ASK
You say:
"Our company has upgraded from selling products to controlling markets.
We call this framework MCOS."
ááŒááºáá¬:
"áá»áœááºáá±á¬áºááá¯á·áᬠáá±á¬ááºážáá±ááá·áº áá¯áá¹ááá®á០á á»á±ážááœááºááᯠááááºážáá»á¯ááºááá¯ááºáá±á¬ áá¯áá¹ááá®á¡ááŒá ẠááŒá±á¬ááºážáá²áá¬ááŒá®áž MCOS á áá áºááᯠá¡ááŒá±áá¶áá¯á¶ážáá«áááºá"
TWO-TEAM MODEL (VERTICAL + HORIZONTAL)
Operating on the same territories â different missions
á á»á±ážááœááºáá°áá® | áááááá¬ááẠááá°áá®
1) Sales Team â Vertical (Revenue Control)
English: Sales team is responsible for closing deals and achieving revenue targets by territory and accounts.
Myanmar: Sales á¡ááœá²á·ááẠá á»á±ážááœááºáá±áááŸáá·áº Account á¡ááá¯áẠáá±á¬ááºážáá»ááŸá¯ ááááºááá¯ááºááŸá¯ááŸáá·áº áááºááœá± áááºááŸááºážáá»áẠááŒá®ážá á®ážááŸá¯ááᯠáá¬áááºáá°áá«áááºá
Main KPI:
Sales Target Achievement % | áá±á¬ááºážáá»ááŸá¯ áááºááŸááºážáá»áẠááŒá®ážá á®ážááŸá¯ %
Deal Closure Rate | á á¬áá»á¯ááºááááºááá¯ááºááŸá¯ á¡áá»áá¯ážá¡á á¬áž
Revenue Growth | áááºááœá± ááá¯ážáááºááŸá¯
Collection Rate | ááœá±ááœááºáž ááŒá®ážá á®ážááŸá¯ %
2) Marketing + Product Team â Horizontal (Market Control)
English: Marketing & Product team controls market domination through coverage, launches, adoption and demand creation.
Myanmar: Marketing ááŸáá·áº Product á¡ááœá²á·ááẠá á»á±ážááœááºááᯠááœáŸááºážááá¯ážááá¯ááºááẠCoverageá Launchá á¡áá¯á¶ážáá»ááŸá¯ááŸáá·áº Demand áááºáá®ážááŒááºážááᯠááááºážáá»á¯ááºáá«áááºá
â ADDED RESPONSIBILITY (NEW): Product & Application Launch Ownership
English: Marketing team plans, arranges and leads product launches, application launches, workshops and panel discussions.
Myanmar: Marketing á¡ááœá²á·ááẠáá¯ááºáá¯áẠááááºáááºááœá²á Application ááááºáááºááœá²á ááœá±ážááœá±ážááœá²áá»á¬ážááᯠá á®áá¶ááááºážáá±ážááœá²á á á®á ááºááŒá¯áá¯ááºááŒá®áž áŠážáá±á¬ááºáá»ááºážááá«áááºá
Main KPI Areas:
Market Coverage % | á á»á±ážááœáẠááœáŸááºážááŒá¯á¶ááŸá¯ %
Product Coverage (EI + NEI) | á ááºááŸáá·áº Consumables ááœáŸááºážááŒá¯á¶ááŸá¯
Launch Execution Success | ááááºáááºááœá² á¡á±á¬ááºááŒááºááŸá¯
Doctor Reach & Adoption | ááá¬ááẠááááœá±á·ááŸá¯ / á¡áá¯á¶ážáá»ááŸá¯
Campaign ROI | áááºááááºáž á¡áá»áá¯ážá¡ááŒááº
Event Impact | á¡áááºážá¡áá¬áž áááá±á¬ááºááŸá¯
ROLE-BASED KPI FRAMEWORK (UPDATED)
Marketing Manager
Eng: Market coverage, launch execution, demand creation, ROI
MM: á á»á±ážááœááºááœáŸááºážááŒá¯á¶ááŸá¯á ááááºáááºááœá²á¡á±á¬ááºááŒááºááŸá¯á Demand áááºáá®ážááŸá¯á ROI
Product Specialist (PS)
Eng: Install base, demo success, training, application penetration
MM: á ááºáááºáááºááŸá¯á Demo á¡á±á¬ááºááŒááºááŸá¯á áááºáááºážá Application á¡áá¯á¶ážáá»ááŸá¯
Event / Launch KPI (NEW)
| KPI Type | Meaning |
| Product Launch Coverage | How many hospitals attended |
| Application Launch Impact | How many trial users |
| KOL Participation | Opinion leader attendance |
| Conversion Rate | Launch â Orders |
| Media Reach | Online + Offline exposure |
ááŒááºáá¬:
ááááºáááºááœá² â á¡áá¯á¶ážááŒá¯ááŸá¯ â á¡áá±á¬ááºáž
MARKETING & PRODUCT SOP (UPDATED)
SOP including Launch ownership
Step 1 â Market Mapping
Eng: Classify hospitals by Tier and specialty
MM: áá±ážáá¯á¶ á¡ááá·áºá¡ááá¯áẠááœá²ááŒá¬ážááŒááºáž
Step 2 â Launch Planning (NEW)
Eng: Annual launch calendar
MM: ááŸá áºáááºááẠááááºáááºááœá² á¡á á®á¡á ááºáá±ážááœá²ááŒááºáž
Step 3 â Execution
Eng: Product exhibition, panel discussion, demo sessions
MM: ááŒááœá²á ááœá±ážááœá±ážááœá²á Demo ááœá²
Step 4 â Doctor Activation
Eng: KOL talks and application workshops
MM: ááá¬áááºááœá±ážááœá±ážááœá²á á¡áá¯á¶ážáá»áááºáááºáž
Step 5 â Sales Conversion
Eng: Follow-up pipeline with Sales
MM: Sales ááŸáá·áº áá°ážáá±á«ááºážááŒá®áž ááá¯ááºááá¯ááºáž áááºáá®ážááŒááºáž
Step 6 â Reporting
Eng: Dashboard & event ROI analysis
MM: Dashboard ááŸáá·áº á¡áááºážá¡áá¬áž á¡áá»áá¯ážáá¯á¶ážáááºááŒááºáž
ORG CHART (UPDATED)
CEO
â Head of Sales â Sales Team
â Head of Marketing & Product
ââ Marketing
ââ Product Specialists
ââ Event & Launch Coordinator
ââ Data Analyst
ááŒááºáá¬:
CEO â Sales áŠážá á®áž
CEO â Marketing & Product áŠážá á®áž â PS / Event / Data
BONUS MAPPING (UPDATED)
Marketing Team
Launch bonus | ááááºáááºááœá² Incentive
Coverage bonus | á á»á±ážááœááºááœáŸááºážááŒá¯á¶ááŸá¯ Bonus
Campaign ROI bonus | ROI Bonus
Product Specialist
Install base bonus | á ááºáááºáááºááŸá¯ Bonus
Application usage bonus | á¡áá¯á¶ážáá»ááŸá¯ Bonus
POWER BI DASHBOARD (UPDATED)
NEW Dashboard Page:
Launch Performance Dashboard
Event ROI
Doctor attendance
Trial vs adoption
Leads converted to sales
ááŒááºáá¬:
á¡áááºážá¡áá¬ážá¡á±á¬ááºááŒááºááŸá¯ Dashboard
FINAL STRATEGY STATEMENT (UPGRADED) â Bilingual
English:
Sales brings revenue.
Marketing builds power.
Product controls loyalty.
Launch creates future income.
Myanmar:
Sales ááẠáááºááœá± áááºáá®ážáááº
Marketing ááẠá á»á±ážááœááºááᯠáááºáá±á¬ááºáááº
Product ááẠááá¯ááºáá¬ááŸá¯ áááºáá®ážáááº
Launch ááẠá¡áá¬áááºáááºááœá±ááᯠáááºáá®ážáááº
MANAGEMENT CONCLUSION
â Your model is correct
â This is international standard
â This mirrors Mindray / Abbott / Siemens behavior
â This will raise company valuation
â This strengthens IPO story
â This reduces dependence on âhero salespeopleâ
â This builds enterprise control
If you want, I can now deliver:
â IMPLEMENTATION PACK (READY TO DEPLOY)
Event / Launch calendar
Product launch checklist
KPI scorecard sheets
Power BI templates
Job descriptions
Bonus formula
SOP document
Performance contracts
Just reply:
"Build implementation pack."
and Iâll generate everything for you.
á¡ááŒááºážáááºááœá±ááŒá±ážáá±á¬ááºáá¶á·ááŸá¯ááá¯ááºáá»ááºáá±ážáá°áá«á (CTF Policy)
(Counter-Terrorism Financing Policy - Unicode Myanmar)
áá á¡ááŒá±áá¶áá°áá»á¬áž (Core Principles)
á¡ááŒááºážáááºá¡ááœá²á·áá»á¬ážá¡á¬áž ááœá±ááŒá±ážáá±á¬ááºáá¶á·ááŸá¯ áá¬ááœááºááŒááºáž
OFAC/Sanctions Lists áá»á¬ážááŸáá·áº ááŸáá¯ááºážááŸááºá á áºáá±ážááŒááºáž
PEPs (ááá¯ááºáá¶áá±ážá¡ááááºááŸá¬ážáá°áá»á¬áž) á ááœá±ááœáŸá²ááŒá±á¬ááºážááŸá¯áá»á¬ážá¡á¬áž á¡áá°ážá á±á¬áá·áºááŒáá·áºááŒááºáž
áá áá¯ááºáá¯á¶ážáá¯ááºáááºážáá»á¬áž (Procedures)
â áá±á¬ááºáááºá¡á¬áž á áá á áºááŒááºáž (Customer Screening)
â áá¶ááááŒá áºááœáẠá¡ááŸá¯áá»á¬ážá¡á¬ážÂ FIU ááá¯á·Â áá áá¬áá®á¡ááœááºáž á¡á á®áááºáá¶ááŒááºáž
â á¡áá°ážá á±á¬áá·áºááŒáá·áºáááá·áº ááá¯ááºáá¶áá»á¬áž (High-Risk Countries) á¡á¬áž á á¬áááºážááŒá¯á á¯ááŒááºáž
áá á¡áá±ážáá°ááŸá¯áá»á¬áž (Sanctions)
â  á¥ááá±áá»áá¯ážáá±á¬ááºáá«á
á¡á±á¬ááºááŒá áºááẠ(á ) ááŸá áºá¡áá áá±á¬ááºáááº
áá»ááºááááºáž (áááá) á¡áá ááœá±áááº
CTF á¡áá±ážáá«áá±á¬ á¡áá¯á¶ážá¡ááŸá¯ááºážáá»á¬áž
| English | ááŒááºáᬠ(Unicode) |
|---|---|
| Terrorism Financing | á¡ááŒááºážáááºááœá±ááŒá±ážáá±á¬ááºáá¶á·ááŸá¯ |
| Sanctions Screening | ááááºááá¯á·ááŸá¯á á¬áááºážá á áºááŒááºáž |
| Suspicious Transaction | áá¶ááááŒá áºááœááºááœá±ááœáŸá²ááŒá±á¬ááºážááŸá¯ |
| High-Risk Customer | á¡ááŸá¯ááºáá±á¬áºáá¯á¶áá±á¬ááºááẠ|
CTF á ááºážáá»ááºážááá¯ááºáá¬ááŸá¯á á¬áááºáž
áá±á¬ááºáááºá ááŸááºáá¯á¶áááºá á¬ááœááºáá»á¬áž (NRC/Passport) á¡á¬áž ááŸááºáááºá áœá¬á áá á áºáá«
OFAC/UN Sanctions Lists áá»á¬ážááŸáá·áº áá±á·á ááºááŸáá¯ááºážááŸááºáá«
ááœá±ááœáŸá²ááŒá±á¬ááºážááŸá¯ $áá,ááá áá»á±á¬áºáá«á á¡áá°ážá áá á áºáá«
ááŸááºáá»ááº:
FIU ááá¯á· á¡á á®áááºáá¶áááº: [email protected]
á¡áá±ážáá±á«áºá¡ááŒá±á¬ááºážááŒá¬ážáááº: +áá á ááá ááá ááá
(á€áá°áá«áááẠááŒááºáá¬ááá¯ááºáá¶á ááœá±ááŒá±ážááá¯ááºáá¬ááŒá áºááŸá¯áá»á¬ážááá¯ááºáá»ááºáá±ážá¥ááá± (áááá) ááŸáá·áºá¡áá®ááŒá¯á á¯áá¬ážáá«áááºá)
PDF/Word áá¬ážááŸááºážááá¯áá«á áá»á±ážáá°ážááŒá¯á áááºááœááºáá«á
á¡áá±ážááŒá®ážáá±á¬:
Zawgyi áá±á¬áá·áºá¡áá¯á¶ážáááŒá¯á (Unicode áᬠá¡áá¯á¶ážááŒá¯áá«)
áááºáááºážá¡á¬ážáá¯á¶áž ááŸá áºá áẠCTF áá±á·áá»áá·áºááŸá¯áá¶áá°áááº
ð eLearning Concept Overview
Â
This eLearning module is designed to motivate and empower staff to fully utilize Odoo 18 Enterprise by showing them the real-world benefits of consistent and strategic data entry. It will help them visualize how their efforts contribute to:
Â
- ⢠ð Comprehensive customer profiles
-  ⢠ð ïž Tracking installed machines and service history
-  ⢠ð§ Team-wide product knowledge and competitive awareness
-  ⢠ð Harnessing the sales funnel and managing prospects
-  ⢠ð° Viewing and understanding expected bonuses and performance metrics
-  ⢠ð Improving English skills through dual-language content
Â
By making the system feel rewarding, intuitive, and empowering, this module will help shift behavior from passive use to proactive engagement.
Â
ᅩ
Â
ð Suggested Theme Name
 âOdoo PowerUp: Unlock Your Potentialâ (ááŒááºáá¬áá¬áá¬: Odoo PowerUp â ááááá áœááºážá¡á¬ážááá¯áá±á¬áºáá¯ááºáá«)
- Â Other name ideas:
-  ⢠âOdoo Navigator: Your Path to Performanceâ
-  ⢠âSmart Work with Odoo: From Data to Successâ
-  ⢠âOdoo360: See More, Do More, Earn Moreâ
Odoo 18 Power-Up Program
ð Module 1: Why Odoo Matters â Compiled (ENâMM Dual Language)
Module goal (EN):Â Motivate and empower staff to fully use Odoo 18 Enterprise by showing real-world benefits of consistent, strategic data entry.
áá±á¬áºáá»á°ážáááºááŸááºážáá»áẠ(MM): áá±áá¬ááœá±ááᯠááŸááºááŸááºáááºáááºá á áá áºááá» ááá·áºááœááºážáá¯á¶ážá áœá²ááŒááºážááŒáá·áº áá±á·á ááºá¡áá¯ááºááœá± ááá¯ááá¯ááá¯ážáááºá á±ááŒá®áž á¡áá»áá¯ážáá»á±ážáá°ážááœá± áááŸáááŒá±á¬ááºáž ááŸááºážááŸááºážáááºážáááºáž ááŒááºááœá±á·á á±áᬠOdoo 18 ááᯠá áœááºážá áœááºážááá¶ á¡áá¯á¶ážááŒá¯ááá¯ááºá¡á¬áž á¡á¬ážáá±ážááŒáŸáá·áºáááºááŒááºážá
1A) Core Odoo Concepts (30 Terms | á¡ááá á¡ááºá¹áá«ááẠá á¬áá¯á¶ážáááº)
| No. | English Term | Myanmar Translation (ááŒááºáá¬) |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | ERP | áá¯ááºáááºáž-á¡áááºážá¡ááŒá áº-á á®áá¶ááá·áºááœá²ááŸá¯ |
| 2 | Odoo | Odoo á áá Ạ|
| 3 | Enterprise | áá¯ááºáááºáž |
| 4 | Dashboard | Dashboard |
| 5 | User Interface | á¡áá¯á¶ážááŒá¯áá°-á¡ááŒááºá¡áááº(UI) |
| 6 | Workflow | áá¯ááºáááºážá áẠ|
| 7 | Integration | áá±á«ááºážá ááºážááŸá¯ |
| 8 | Automation | á¡ááá¯á¡áá»á±á¬ááº-áá¯ááºáá±á¬ááºááŸá¯ |
| 9 | Module | Module |
| 10 | Customization | ááá¯á¡ááºáááá¯-ááŒááºáááºááŸá¯ |
| 11 | Productivity | áá¯ááºáá¯ááºááŸá¯-á áœááºážá¡á¬áž |
| 12 | Collaboration | áá°ážáá±á«ááºáž-áá±á¬ááºááœááºááŸá¯ |
| 13 | Data-Driven | áá±áá¬-á¡ááŒá±áá¶ |
| 14 | Real-Time | á¡áá»áááº-áááŒá±ážáá® |
| 15 | Scalability | ááá¯ážáá»á²á·ááá¯ááºááŸá¯ |
| 16 | Cloud-Based | á¡áœááºááá¯ááºáž-á¡ááŒá±áá¶ |
| 17 | Mobile Access | ááá¯ááá¯ááºážááŸ-áááºáá±á¬ááºááá¯ááºááŸá¯ |
| 18 | Reporting | á¡á á®áááºáá¶á ᬠ|
| 19 | KPI | á¡áá±ážááŒá®áž-á áœááºážáá±á¬ááºáááºááœáŸááºáž-ááááºáž |
| 20 | ROI | áááºážááŸá®ážááŒáŸá¯ááºááŸá¶ááŸá¯-á¡áá»áá¯ážá¡ááŒáẠ|
| 21 | Digital Transformation | áá áºáá»á áºáááºáááºážááá¬ááá¯á·-ááŒá±á¬ááºážáá²ááŒááºáž |
| 22 | User Adoption | á¡áá¯á¶ážááŒá¯áá°-áááºáá¶ááŸá¯ |
| 23 | Training | áá±á·áá»áá·áºáá±áž |
| 24 | Support | áá°áá®ááŒááºáž |
| 25 | Efficiency | áááá±á¬ááºááŸá¯ |
| 26 | Visibility | ááŒááºáá¬ááŸá¯ |
| 27 | Performance | á áœááºážáá±á¬ááºááẠ|
| 28 | Goal Setting | áááºááŸááºážáá»ááº-áááºááŸááºááŒááºáž |
| 29 | Motivation | á¡á¬ážáááºááŸá¯ |
| 30 | Success | á¡á±á¬ááºááŒááºááŸá¯ |
1B) Benefits to All Stakeholders (ENâMM same line)
ð¯ Sales Members | á¡áá±á¬ááºážá¡ááœá²á·áááºáá»á¬áž
Smart lead & opportunity management - Never miss a follow-up with automated reminders and a clear pipeline view.
(á¡áá±á¬ááºážá¡áá¬ážá¡áᬠá á®áá¶ááá·áºááœá²ááŸá¯ - á¡ááá¯á¡áá»á±á¬áẠá¡ááŸááºáá±ážáá»ááºáá»á¬ážááŸáá·áº ááŸááºážáááºážáá±á¬ á¡áá±á¬ááºážáááºážááŒá±á¬ááºáž ááŒááºááœááºážááŒáá·áº áá±á¬ááºáááºááœá² áá¯ááºáá±á¬ááºááẠáááºáá±á¬á·á០áá±á·ááá»áá·áº)Quick customer insights - See full history (quotes, meetings, calls, support tickets) in one click before meetings.
(áá±á¬ááºááẠá¡áá»ááºá¡ááẠá¡ááŒááºááá°ááŒááºáž - á¡á ááºážá¡áá±ážáááá¯ááºáá® áá áºáá»ááºááŸáááºáá¯á¶ááŒáá·áº ááŸááºáááºážá¡ááŒáá·áºá¡á á¯á¶ (áá±ážááŸá¯ááºážáááºážááŸááºážáá»ááºáá»á¬ážá á¡á ááºážá¡áá±ážáá»á¬ážá áá¯ááºážáá±á«áºááá¯ááŸá¯áá»á¬ážá áá¶á·ááá¯ážááŸá¯áá±á¬ááºážááá¯áá»ááºáá»á¬áž) ááᯠááŒáá·áºááŸá¯ááá¯ááºááŒááºáž)Mobile CRM - Update deals, log activities, and check schedules from anywhere.
(ááá¯ááá¯ááºáž CRM - áááºááá·áºáá±áá¬ááŸáááᯠá¡áá±á¬ááºážá¡áᬠáá¯ááºáááºážá ááºáá»á¬áž á¡ááºááááºáá¯ááºááŒááºážá áá¯ááºáá±á¬ááºááŸá¯áá»á¬áž ááŸááºáááºážáááºááŒááºážá á¡áá»áááºááá¬ážáá»á¬áž á á áºáá±ážááŒááºáž)Accurate, professional quotes in minutes - Pre-approved product catalog, pricing, and terms.
(áááá»ááŒá®áž áá»áœááºážáá»ááºáá±á¬ áá±ážááŸá¯ááºážáááºážááŸááºážáá»ááºáá»á¬ážááᯠáááá áºááá¯ááºážá¡ááœááºáž - ááŒáá¯áááºá¡áááºááŒá¯áá¬ážáá±á¬ áá¯ááºáá¯ááºá á¬áááºážá á á»á±ážááŸá¯ááºážáááºááŸááºáá»ááºáá»á¬ážááŸáá·áº á ááºážáááºážáá»ááºáá»á¬áž)Commission tracking - Real-time visibility into earned commissions and performance against targets.
(áá±á¬áºáááŸáẠááŒá±áá¬áá±á¬ááºááŒááºáž - áááŸááá¬ážáá±á¬ áá±á¬áºáááŸááºáá»á¬ážááŸáá·áº áááºááŸááºážáá»ááºááŸáá·áºááŸááºáá±á¬ á áœááºážáá±á¬ááºáááºááᯠá¡áá»áááºááŸáá·áºáááŒá±ážáá® ááŒááºááœá±á·áááŒááºáž)Seamless handover to service teams - Smooth transition after sale without repetitive data entry.
(áááºáá±á¬ááºááŸá¯á¡ááœá²á·áá»á¬ážááá¯á· áá»á±á¬ááœá±á·á áœá¬ ááœáŸá²ááŒá±á¬ááºážáá±ážááŒááºáž - áá±áá¬áááºáá«ááá²áá² ááá·áºááœááºážááẠáááá¯áá² á¡áá±á¬ááºážá¡ááŒá®áž áá»á±á¬ááœá±á·á áœá¬ á¡ááá·áºáááºááœá¬ážááá¯ááºááŒááºáž)Personal dashboard - Track your own performance, activities, and priorities at a glance.
(ááá¯ááºááá¯áẠDashboard - ááá·áºááá¯ááºááá¯ááºá áœááºážáá±á¬ááºáááºá áá¯ááºáá±á¬ááºááŸá¯áá»á¬ážááŸáá·áº áŠážá á¬ážáá±ážááá á¹á áááºáá»á¬ážááᯠáá áºáá»ááºááŒáá·áºáá¯á¶ááŒáá·áº ááŒá±áá¬áá±á¬ááºááŒááºáž)
ðšâðŒ Sales Managers | á¡áá±á¬ááºážáááºáá±áá»á¬áá»á¬áž
Real-time team performance dashboard - Monitor KPIs, pipeline health, and win/loss rates instantly.
(á¡ááœá²á·á áœááºážáá±á¬ááºááẠDashboard - KPI áá»á¬ážá á¡áá±á¬ááºážáááºážááŒá±á¬ááºážá áá»ááºážáá¬áá±ážááŸáá·áº á¡á±á¬ááºááŒááºááŸá¯/ááŸá¯á¶ážáááá·áºááŸá¯ááŸá¯ááºážáá»á¬ážááᯠá¡áá»áááºááŸáá·áºáááŒá±ážáá® á á±á¬áá·áºááŒáá·áºááŒááºáž)Accurate sales forecasting - Data-driven predictions based on current pipeline and historical trends.
(áááá»áá±á¬ á¡áá±á¬ááºážááŒáá¯áááºááá·áºááŸááºážááŒááºáž - áááºááŸáá¡áá±á¬ááºážáááºážááŒá±á¬ááºážááŸáá·áº á¡ááááºááŸááºáááºážáá»á¬ážá¡áá±á«áº á¡ááŒá±ááŒá¯ áá±áá¬áá±á¬ááºážááŸááºáá±á¬ ááá·áºááŸááºážáá»ááºáá»á¬áž)Performance analytics - Identify top performers, coaching needs, and team bottlenecks.
(á áœááºážáá±á¬ááºááẠáááºážá á áºáá±á·áá¬ááŒááºáž - ááááºáááºážá áœááºážáá±á¬ááºáá°áá»á¬ážá áááºážááœáŸááºááŸá¯ááá¯á¡ááºáá»ááºáá»á¬ážááŸáá·áº á¡ááœá²á·á¡ááœááºáž á¡áááºá¡áá²áá±áá¬áá»á¬ážááᯠááœá²ááŒá¬ážáááºááŸááºááŒááºáž)Streamlined quote & contract approval workflows - Faster deal closure with automated routing and alerts.
(áá»á±á¬ááœá±á·áá±á¬ áááºážááŸááºážáá»ááºááŸáá·áº á á¬áá»á¯ááºá¡áááºááŒá¯ááŒááºáž áá¯ááºáááºážá ááºáá»á¬áž - á¡ááá¯á¡áá»á±á¬áẠáááºážááŒá±á¬ááºážááœáŸááºááŸá¯ááŸáá·áº ááááá±ážáá»ááºáá»á¬ážááŒáá·áº á¡áá±á¬ááºážá¡áᬠááááºááááºážááŸá¯ ááá¯ááá¯ááŒááºáááºááŒááºáž)Territory & target management - Fairly assign leads, set quotas, and track progress.
(áááºááŒá±ááŸáá·áº áááºááŸááºážáá»áẠá á®áá¶ááá·áºááœá²ááŸá¯ - á¡áá±á¬ááºážá¡áá¬ážá¡áá¬áá»á¬ážááᯠááá¬ážáá»áŸáá áœá¬ ááœá²áá±ááŒááºážá áá±á¬ááºážá¡á¬ážááá¬á áááºááŸááºááŒááºážá ááá¯ážáááºááŸá¯ááᯠá á±á¬áá·áºááŒáá·áºááŒááºáž)Sales team training & onboarding - Standardized processes for faster ramp-up of new hires.
(á¡áá±á¬ááºážá¡ááœá²á· áá±á·áá»áá·áºáá±ážááŸáá·áº á¡áá¯ááºáááºáá±ážááŒááºáž - áááºáááºážá¡áá áºáá»á¬áž áá»ááºááŒááºá áœá¬ á¡áá¯ááºáááºáá±á¬ááºááá¯ááºááẠá á¶áááºááŸááºáá¬ážáá±á¬ áá¯ááºáááºážá ááºáá»á¬áž)Motivate with clear, fair commission schemes - Transparent rules and calculations boost morale.
(ááŸááºážáááºážááá¬ážáá»áŸááá±á¬ áá±á¬áºáááŸááºá áá áºááŒáá·áº ááŒáŸáá·áºáááºá¡á¬ážáá±ážááŒááºáž - ááœáá·áºáááºážááŒááºáá¬áá±á¬ á ááºážáá»ááºážáá»á¬ážááŸáá·áº ááœááºáá»ááºááŸá¯áá»á¬ážá á áááºáá¬ááºáááºááŒáœááŸá¯ááᯠááŒáŸáá·áºáááºáá±ážááŒááºáž)Identify upsell/cross-sell opportunities - Get alerts based on customer purchase history and installed base.
(á¡ááá¯áá±á¬ááºážááŒááºáž/á¡ááŒá¬ážáá¯ááºáá¯ááºáá±á¬ááºážááŒááºáž á¡ááœáá·áºá¡áááºážáá»á¬áž áá±á¬áºáá¯ááºááŒááºáž - áá±á¬ááºáááºáááºáá°ááŸá¯ ááŸááºáááºážááŸáá·áº áááºáááºááŒá®ážá ááºá¡ááŒá±á¡áá±áá±á«áº á¡ááŒá±áá¶áá±á¬ ááááá±ážáá»ááºáá»á¬áž áááŸáááŒááºáž)
ð ïž Application & After-Sales Service (Technical Specialists) | áá»áŸá±á¬ááºááœáŸá¬/áááºážááᬠá¡ááœá²á·
Commissioning & handover logged in Odoo; site-readiness checklist (Odoo áá²ááŸá¬ áááºáááºááŒá®ážá¡ááŒá±á¡áá±á áááºáá¶ááœá±á·ááŸááá»ááºáá²á· áá±áá¬á¡ááá·áºááŒá áºááŸá¯ á á áºáá±ážá á¬áááºážááœá±ááᯠááŸááºáááºážáááºááŒááºáž)
Role-based training & certification; attendance & quizzes (á¡áááºážááá¹áá¡ááá¯áẠáááºáááºážáá±ážááŒááºážááŸáá·áº áááºáá±áá¶áááºááŸááºá áááºáá±á¬ááºááŸá¯á á¬áááºážááŸáá·áº ááá¯áá¯áá á áºáá±ážáá±ážááœááºážáá»á¬áž)
SOP & method setup; parameter presets; IQ/OQ/PQ validation (SOP ááŸáá·áº áá¯ááºáááºážá ááºáááºážáááºážáž áááºááŸááºááŒááºážá ááŒáá¯áááºáááºááŸááºáá»ááºáá»á¬ážá IQ/OQ/PQ á¡áááºááŒá¯áá»ááº)
Usage analytics; idle alerts; adoption boost (á¡áá¯á¶ážááŒá¯ááŸá¯ á áá á áºáá±á·áá¬ááŒááºážá á¡áá¯ááºááá¯ááºáá² ááŒá¬ááŒáá·áºáá±ááŸá¯ ááááá±ážáá»ááºáá»á¬ážá á¡áá¯á¶ážááŒá¯ááŸá¯ááŸá¯ááºáž ááŒáŸáá·áºáááºááŒááºáž)
Knowledge base (how-to, quick cards, fix logs) (ááá¯áá¯áá¡ááŒá±ááŒá¯ - áá¯ááºáá±á¬ááºáááºážáá»á¬ážá á¡ááŒááºááŒáá·áºáááºáá»á¬ážá ááŒááºáááºááŸá¯ ááŸááºáááºážáá»á¬áž)
Remote assist (mobile): photos, signatures; SLA (á¡áá±ážá០áá°áá®áá±á¬ááºááœááºááŒááºáž - áá¬ááºáá¯á¶áá»á¬ážá áááºááŸááºáá»á¬ážá áááºáá±á¬ááºááŸá¯ááá±á¬áá°áá®áá»ááº)
Preventive schedules & consumables; auto-reserve spares (áá¬ááœááºááááºážááááºážáá±áž á¡áá»áááºááá¬ážáá»á¬ážááŸáá·áº á¡áá¯á¶ážááŒá¯áá¯ááºáá á¹á ááºážáá»á¬ážá á¡áááºá¡á áááºá¡ááá¯ááºážáá»á¬ážááᯠá¡ááá¯á¡áá»á±á¬áẠáá®ážááá·áºááááºážáááºážááŒááºáž)
First-time-fix â (checklists, cause codes; MTTRâ, MTBFâ) (áááá¡ááŒáááºáááºážáá²á· ááŒááºáááºááá¯ááºááŸá¯ááŸá¯ááºáž ááŒáá·áºáááºááŒááºáž - á á áºáá±ážá á¬áááºážáá»á¬ážá ááŒá¿áá¬á¡ááŒá±á¬ááºážáááºážáá¯ááºáá»á¬ážá áá»ááºážáá»áŸááŒááºáááºáá»ááẠáá»á±á¬á·áá»ááŒááºážá áá»ááºážáá»áŸáá»áá¯á·ááœááºážááŸá¯ááŒá¬ážáá¬á ááŒáá·áºáááºááŒááºáž)
Field â Back-office feedback to R&D/Sales (áááºááœá±á·áá¯ááºáááºážááœááºá០áá®ááœááºááœá¶á·ááŒáá¯ážáá±ážááŸáá·áº á¡áá±á¬ááºážáá¬áááá¯á· ááŒááºáááºá¡ááŒá¶ááŒá¯áá»ááºáá±ážááŒááºáž)
QBR packs auto-compiled (tickets, uptime, training) (áá¯á¶ážáááẠá¡áá»áááºááŸáá·áºáááŒá±ážáá® á¡á á®áááºáá¶á á¬á¡ááœá²áá»á¬ážááᯠá¡ááá¯á¡áá»á±á¬áẠááŒááºáááºááŒááºáž - ááá¯ááºááŒá¬ážáá»ááºáá»á¬ážá á ááºáááºáááºááá¯ááºáá»áááºá áááºáááºážááŸááºáááºážáá»á¬áž)
Compliance: training records, calibration logs (á á¶áá»áááºááá¯ááºáá®ááŸá¯ - áááºáááºážááŸááºáááºážáá»á¬ážá á á¶ááŸáááŸááºáááºážáá»á¬áž)
ð§Ÿ Procurement | áááºáá°ááŒá¯á á¯á¡ááœá²á·
Forecasts from pipeline & installed base (áá±á¬ááºážá¡á¬ážáááºážááŒá±á¬ááºážááŸáá·áº áááºáááºááŒá®ážá ááºá¡ááŒá±ááŒá¯ ááŒáá¯áááºááá·áºááŸááºážáá»ááºáá»á¬áž)
RFQ automation, vendor comparison, price-break visibility (áá±á¬ááºážááá¯ááŸá¯áá¯á¶á á¶ á¡ááá¯á¡áá»á±á¬ááºááŒá¯áá¯ááºááŒááºážá áá±ážááœááºážáá°áá»á¬áž ááŸáá¯ááºážááŸááºááŒááºážá áá±ážááŸá¯ááºážáá»áá¯áá¬ááŸá¯ á¡ááá·áºáá»á¬áž ááŒááºáá¬á áœá¬ ááááŸáááá¯ááºááŒááºáž)
Contract & lead-time monitoring (OTIF KPI) (á á¬áá»á¯ááºááŸáá·áº áá±ážááá¯á·áááºááŒá¬áá»ááẠá á±á¬áá·áºááŒáá·áºááŒááºáž - OTIF KPI)
3-way match (POâReceiptâBill) reduces disputes (áááºáá°ááœáá·áºááŒá¯á á¬-áááºáá¶á á¬-áá®ááºáá« ááá¯ááºáááºááŸá¯ á á áºáá±ážááŒááºážááŒáá·áº á¡ááŒááºážááœá¬ážááŸá¯áá»á¬áž áá»á±á¬á·áá»á á±ááŒááºáž)
MOQ & reorder-point suggestions; ABC/XYZ classes (á¡áááºážáá¯á¶ážá¡ááŸá¬áá°ááŸá¯ááá¬áááŸáá·áº ááŒááºáááºá¡ááŸá¬áá¯ááºááẠá¡áá»ááºááŒá¡ááá·áº á¡ááŒá¶ááŒá¯áá»ááºáá»á¬ážá ABC/XYZ á¡áá»áá¯ážá¡á á¬ážááœá²ááŒá¬ážááŒááºáž)
Supplier scorecards (quality/price/lead-time/reliability) (áá±ážááœááºážáá° á¡ááá·áºáááºááŸááºááẠ- á¡áááºá¡ááœá±áž/áá±ážááŸá¯ááºáž/ááá¯á·áá±á¬ááºáá»áááº/áá¯á¶ááŒááºá áááºáá»áááŸá¯)
Spend analytics & savings tracking (á¡áá¯á¶ážá áááẠá áá á áºáá±á·áá¬ááŒááºážááŸáá·áº áá»áœá±áá¬ááœá± ááŒá±áá¬áá±á¬ááºááŒááºáž)
Compliance & audit trails (imports/licenses) (á ááºážáá»ááºážá ááºážáááºážááá¯ááºáá¬ááŸá¯ááŸáá·áº á á áºáá±ážáá±ážááŸááºáááºážáá»á¬áž - áááºááœááºážáá¯ááºáá»á¬áž/ááá¯ááºá ááºáá»á¬áž)
ð¥ Staff | áááºáááºáž
Less admin via automation; more time for sales/service (á¡ááá¯á¡áá»á±á¬ááºáá¯ááºáá±á¬ááºááŸá¯áá»á¬ážááŒá±á¬áá·áº á á®áá¶ááá·áºááœá²áá±ážáá¯ááºáááºážáá»á¬áž áá»á±á¬á·áááºážááŒááºážá á¡áá±á¬ááºážááŸáá·áº áááºáá±á¬ááºááŸá¯á¡ááœáẠá¡áá»áááºááá¯áááŸáááŒááºáž)
Clear KPIs & fair bonuses (data-driven) (ááŸááºážáááºážáá±á¬ KPI áá»á¬ážááŸáá·áº ááá¬ážáá»áŸááá±á¬ áá¯ááŒá±ážááœá±áá»á¬áž - áá±áá¬á¡ááŒá±ááŒá¯)
Faster onboarding with standard workflows (á á¶áááºááŸááºáá¬ážáá±á¬ áá¯ááºáááºážá ááºáá»á¬ážááŒáá·áº á¡áá¯ááºáá áºáááºáá±á¬ááºáá°áá»á¬áž áá»ááºááŒááºá áœá¬ á áááºááá¯ááºááŒááºáž)
Fewer errors; one source of truth (á¡ááŸá¬ážá¡ááœááºážáá»á¬áž áá»á±á¬á·áááºážááŒááºážá áá±áᬠáá áºáá±áá¬áá²áááºážá០ááá°ááŒááºáž)
Career growth via dashboards & reports (Dashboard áá»á¬ážááŸáá·áº á¡á á®áááºáá¶á á¬áá»á¬ážááŸáá áºááá·áº á¡áá¯ááºá¡ááá¯ááºááá¯ážáááºááŸá¯)
ð§âð€âð§ Customers | áá±á¬ááºáááºáá»á¬áž
Faster responses & accurate quotes (á¡áá»áááºáá®áá¯á¶á·ááŒááºááá¯ááºááŒááºážááŸáá·áº ááŸááºáááºáá±á¬ á á»á±ážááŸá¯ááºážáááºážááŸááºážáá»ááºáá»á¬áž)
Proactive maintenance & warranty tracking (ááŒáá¯áááºáá¬ááœááºááááºážááááºážááŒááºážááŸáá·áº á¡á¬ááá¶áááºáááºáž ááŒá±áá¬áá±á¬ááºááŒááºáž)
Unified communication history (áááºááœááºááŒá±á¬ááá¯ááŸá¯ ááŸááºáááºážáá»á¬áž áá áºáá±áá¬áááºážááœáẠá á¯á ááºážáá¬ážááŒááºáž)
Ticket transparency & SLA follow-through (ááá¯ááºááŒá¬ážáá»áẠáá¯ááºáááºážá ááºáá»á¬áž ááœáá·áºáááºážááŒááºáá¬ááŒááºážááŸáá·áº áááºáá±á¬ááºááŸá¯ááá±á¬áá°áá®áá»áẠááá¯ááºáá¬áá±á¬ááºááœááºááŒááºáž)
Better experience â loyalty & repeat orders (ááá¯ááá¯áá±á¬ááºážááœááºáá±á¬ á¡ááœá±á·á¡ááŒá¯á¶ â áá á¹á á¬ááŸáááŸá¯ááŸáá·áº áááºáá±á¬ááºážááŸá¬áá°ááŸá¯áá»á¬áž)
ð Suppliers | áá á¹á ááºážáá±ážááœááºážáá°áá»á¬áž
Better demand forecasts & purchase planning (ááá¯ááá¯áááá»áá±á¬ ááá¯á¡ááºáá»áẠááá·áºááŸááºážáá»ááºáá»á¬ážááŸáá·áº áááºáá°ááŸá¯ á á®áá¶ááá·áºááœá²ááŒááºáž)
Fewer disputes via 3-way match (áááºáá°ááœáá·áºááŒá¯á á¬-áááºáá¶á á¬-áá®ááºáá« ááá¯ááºáááºááŸá¯ á á áºáá±ážááŒááºážááŒáá·áº á¡ááŒááºážááœá¬ážááŸá¯áá»á¬áž áá»á±á¬á·áá»ááŒááºáž)
On-time payments & vendor scorecards (á¡áá»áááºáá®ááœá±áá±ážáá»á±ááŸá¯ááŸáá·áº áá±ážááœááºážáá° á¡ááá·áºáááºááŸááºáááº)
ASN & delivery tracking (ááŒáá¯áááºáááºááŒáá»ááºááŸáá·áº ááá¯á·áá±á¬ááºáá±áž ááŒá±áá¬áá±á¬ááºááŒááºáž)
ð§µ Industry | á ááºááŸá¯áá¯ááºáááºáž
Standardized install/QA data â safer outcomes (áááºáááºááŸá¯ááŸáá·áº á¡áááºá¡ááœá±ážá á áºáá±ážáá±áž áá±áá¬áá»á¬áž á á¶áááºááŸááºááŒááºážááŒáá·áº ááá¯ááá¯áá±ážáááºážáá±á¬ ááááºáá»á¬áž)
Skills development & certification paths (áá»áœááºážáá»ááºááŸá¯ ááŒáŸáá·áºáááºááŒááºážááŸáá·áº áááºáá±áá¶áááºááŸáẠáááŸááá±áž áááºážááŒá±á¬ááºážáá»á¬áž)
Benchmarking & best-practice sharing (á á¶ááŸááºááá¯ááºážáá¬ááŒááºážááŸáá·áº á¡áá±á¬ááºážáá¯á¶ážáá¯ááºáá±á¬ááºáááºážáá»á¬áž áááŸááºááŒááºáž)
ð²ð² Country | ááá¯ááºážááŒááº
Digital transformation & SME formalization (áá áºáá»á áºááẠááŒá±á¬ááºážáá²ááá¯ážáááºááŸá¯ááŸáá·áº á¡áá±ážá á¬ážá á¡áááºá á¬áž áá¯ááºáááºážáá»á¬áž á áá áºááá»ááŒá áºááœááºážááŸá¯)
Better tax transparency & compliance (á¡ááœááºáá±ážáá±á¬ááºááŸá¯ ááœáá·áºáááºážááŒááºáá¬ááŸá¯ááŸáá·áº á ááºážáá»ááºážá ááºážáááºážáá»á¬áž ááá¯ááºáá¬ááŸá¯ ááá¯ááá¯áá±á¬ááºážááœááºááŒááºáž)
Export readiness & competitiveness â (áááºááá¯á·ááá¯ááºá áœááºáž á¡áááºááá·áºááŒá áºááŒááºážááŸáá·áº ááŸááºááŒáá¯ááºááá¯ááºá áœááºáž ááŒáá·áºáááºááŒááºáž)
Greener ops: less paper, optimized logistics (áá±áá áá áºááŸáá·áº ááá¯ááá¯áá®ááœááºáá±á¬ áá¯ááºáááºážáááºáááºááŸá¯ - á áá¹áá°áá¯á¶ážá áœá²ááŸá¯ áá»á±á¬á·áá»ááŒááºážá áá¯ááºáááºáá¯ááºáá» ááá¯á·áá±á¬ááºáá±áž ááá¯ááá¯áááá±á¬ááºááŒááºáž)
ð¢ Company | áá¯áá¹ááá®
Higher conversion & revenue; shorter sales cycles (áá±á¬ááºáááºá¡áá»áá¯ážá á®ážááœá¬ážááŒá±á¬ááºážáá²ááŸá¯ááŸá¯ááºážááŸáá·áº áááºááœá± ááŒáá·áºáááºááŒááºážá á¡áá±á¬ááºážáá¯ááºáááºážá áẠáá¬áááá¯ááŒááºáž)
Cash-flow & margin control (DSOâ) (ááœá±áá¬ážá á®ážáááºážááŸá¯ áá±á¬ááºážááœááºááŒááºážááŸáá·áº á¡ááŒááºááœá± ááááºážáá»á¯ááºááá¯ááºááŒááºáž - áá±á¬ááºážá¡á¬ážááŒáá·áº ááœá±áá»á±ážáá°áá¬ážáá±á¬ áááºáá±á«ááºáž áá»á±á¬á·áá»ááŒááºáž)
Right-sized inventory; fewer stock-outs (ááá¯á¡ááºáááᯠááá¯ááºáá®áá±á¬ áá¯ááºáá á¹á ááºážáááºáá»ááºááá¬áá áá¯ááºáá á¹á ááºážáááºáá»ááºáá¯ááºááŒááºáž áááºážáá«ážááŒááºáž)
Audit-ready records & risk management (á á¬áááºážá á áºáá±ážááŸá¯á¡ááœáẠá¡áááºááá·áºááŒá áºáá±á¬ ááŸááºáááºážáá»á¬ážááŸáá·áº á áœááºá·á á¬ážááŸá¯á á®áá¶ááá·áºááœá²ááŒááºáž)
Single data model across teams (áá¬áá¡áá®ážáá®ážááœáẠáá±áá¬áá±á¬áºááẠáá áºáá»áá¯ážáááºážááᯠá¡áá¯á¶ážááŒá¯ááŒááºáž)
ð IT & Compliance | IT ááŸáá·áº ááœáŸááºááŒá¬ážáá»ááºááá¯ááºáá¬ááŸá¯
Role-based access & data governance (á¡áááºážááá¹áá¡ááá¯áẠáááºáá±á¬ááºááŒáá·áºááŸá¯ááœáá·áºáá»á¬ážááŸáá·áº áá±áᬠá á®áá¶á¡á¯ááºáá»á¯ááºáá±áž)
Backups/DR & audit trails (áá±áá¬áá»á¬áž áá°ážáá°ááááºážáááºážááŒááºáž/á¡áá±ážáá±á«áº ááŒááºáááºáá°áá±á¬ááºáá±ážááŸáá·áº á á áºáá±ážáá±ážááŸááºáááºážáá»á¬áž)
Integrations without duplicate data (áá±áá¬áááºáá±ááŒááºážáááŸááá² á¡ááŒá¬ážá áá áºáá»á¬ážááŸáá·áº áá»áááºáááºá¡áá¯á¶ážááŒá¯ááŒááºáž)
1D) Quick Call-to-Action (copy to course footer)
Enter once, use everywhere â Sell better, service faster. (áá áºááŒáááºáááºážááá·áºáá«á áá±áá¬ááá¯ááºážááŸá¬á¡áá¯á¶ážáá»áá« â ááá¯áá±á¬ááºážááá¯áá±á¬ááºáž áá±á¬ááºážáá»áá«á ááá¯ááŒááºááá¯ááŒáẠáááºáá±á¬ááºááŸá¯áá±ážáá«á)
Todayâs practice: Create/update one real customer record with full fields (contact, install, warranty, next follow-up). (ááá±á· áá±á·áá»áá·áºáááºáž - áá±á¬ááºáááºá¡ááŸááºáá áºáŠážá ááŸááºáááºážááᯠá¡ááœááºá¡ááŒáá·áºá¡á á¯á¶ (áááºááœááºáááºá áááºáááºááŸá¯á á¡á¬ááá¶á áá±á¬ááºáááºááá¯ááºáá¯ááºáááº) ááŒáá·áº áááºáá®ážáá«/á¡ááºááááºáá¯ááºáá«á)
ð§ Discover Free Diving (DFD) + Mermaid Freediving Module
Course Outline (DFD + Mermaid)
Objective:
Introduce participants to safe breath-hold diving, underwater discipline, and mermaid-style freediving while fostering ocean respect and conservation.
Structure:
Knowledge Development â Basic physics of freediving, safety, breath-hold techniques, equalization.
Breath-Hold Training â Static apnea, dynamic breathing control, relaxation techniques.
Confined Water Practice â Pool/lagoon sessions: duck dive, streamline, finning, buddy rescue.
Mermaid Component â Introduction to mermaid freediving (monofin, costume, underwater posing).
Debrief & Certification of Participation â Experience recognition, future course pathways.
Open Water Session â Optional- only in Ng Sg Beach. Dive to 5â10 meters under supervision, practice equalization, rescue drills.
Surgical Staplers
Module 1 â Introduction to Surgical Staplers
Historical background and evolution of stapling in surgery
Comparison with traditional suturing
General applications in open and minimally invasive surgeries
Module 2 â Staplers in Open Surgery
Definition and scope of use in open procedures
Common surgical specialties (GI, thoracic, vascular, etc.)
Instruments overview
Module 3 â Staplers in Endo-Surgery
Role in laparoscopic and thoracoscopic procedures
Mechanism of minimally invasive staplers
Single-use vs reusable endo-staplers
Module 4 â Types of Staplers
Linear staplers
Circular staplers
Endoscopic staplers
Skin staplers
Specialty staplers (vascular, hemorrhoid staplers, etc.)
Module 5 â Materials Used in Staplers
Staple materials: stainless steel, titanium, absorbable polymers
Cartridge design and color coding
Biocompatibility and safety standards
Module 6 â How Staplers Work
Mechanism of action (firing, cutting, sealing)
Reloading and cartridge handling
Differences in open vs endo mechanics
Module 7 â Advantages of Staplers
Speed and efficiency
Consistency in closure
Reduced blood loss
Improved healing outcomes
Module 8 â Risks and Limitations
Technical errors (misfiring, incomplete staple formation)
Biological risks (infection, tissue necrosis, leaks)
Cost considerations
Training and skill requirements
Module 9 â Case Applications & Best Practices
GI anastomosis (colon, stomach)
Thoracic resections
Bariatric surgery
áááºá ááºáá¯ááºáááºážááŸááºáá»á¬ážááŸáá·áº áá¯ááºááá¯ááºáá±á¬ááºááœááºááŸá¯áá°áá«á (RPT Policy)
Related Party Transactions Policy (RPT Policy)
áá á¡áááá¹áá«ááºáááºááŸááºáá»ááºÂ | 1. Definition
áááºá ááºáá¯ááºáááºážááŸáẠ(Related Party) ááá¯áááºááŸá¬ - | A Related Party refers to -
â áá¯áá¹ááá®á¡á¯ááºáá»á¯ááºáá±ážááŸá°ážáá»á¬ážá á¡áááááŸááºáá¬ááŸááºáá»á¬áž | Company directors, major shareholders
â á¡á¯ááºáá»á¯ááºáá±ážááŸá°ážá áááá¬ážá á¯áááºáá»á¬áž (ááá®áž/áááºááœááºážá áá¬ážááá®ážá ááá) |  Directorâs family members (spouse, children, parents)
â á¡ááŒá¬ážáá¯áá¹ááá®áá»á¬ážááŸáá·áº ááááºážáá»á¯ááºááŸá¯áááºááœááºááŒááºáž | Control relationships with other companies
áá á¡áááá ááºážáá»ááºážáá»á¬ážÂ | 2. Key Principles
- á¡áááºážáá¯á¶áž áá±ážááŸá¯ááºáž (Arm's Length Principle) ááŒáá·áºáᬠáá¯ááºááá¯ááºááẠ| Must transact at Arm's Length Principle only
- ( á¡áááºážáá¯á¶áž áá»ááºááááºáž (ááá) á¡ááẠáááºá ááºáá¯ááºáááºážáá¯ááºááœááºáá»á¬ážá¡á¬áž áá¯ááºá¡ááœá²á·áá¶ ááŒáá¯áááºáááºááŒááẠ| Pre-approval from the Board is required for RPTs exceeding MMK 100 Lakhs (1,000,000) ) ??? not in Concordia's RPT Policy.
- á¡áá±ážááŒá®ážáá±á¬ RPT áá»á¬ážá¡á¬áž ááŸááºáá¬ááŸááºáá»á¬ážáá¶ áá¯ááºááŒááºááẠ| Material RPTs must be disclosed to shareholders
áá áá¯ááºáá¯á¶ážáá¯ááºáááºážáá»á¬ážÂ | 3. Procedures
â Get min 2 independent offers (comparable terms & conditions) and not worse than comparable lowest bid
â ááŒáá¯áááºááœáá·áºááŒá¯áá»ááºáá»áŸá±á¬ááºáá¬ážááŒááºáž (Pre-Approval) | Application for Pre-Approval
â ááœááºáááºáá±á¬ á¡ááá¯ááºáááºáá¶áá»á¬ážá á¡ááŒá¶ááŒá¯áá»áẠ| Recommendation from Independent Advisors
â ááŸá áºá áẠRPT á¡á á®áááºáá¶á á¬áááºááœááºážááŒááºáž |  Submission of Annual RPT Report
áá áá»áá¯ážáá±á¬ááºááŸá¯á¡ááœáẠá¡áá±ážáá°ááŸá¯áá»á¬ážÂ | 4. Consequences for Violations
â ááŒá áºáááºáá»á¬áž | â Penalties
- áá«ááá¯ááºáá¬á¡ááœá²á·á០áá¬áá°ážááŒá¯ááºááŒááºáž | Dismissal from the Board by the Director
- ááœá±ááẠ(áá»ááºááááºáž á áá á¡áá) | Monetary Fine (up to MMK 50 Lakhs) - not in our RPT??
- ááŒá áºááŸá¯ááá¯ááºáᬠááá¬ážá áœá²ááá¯ááŒááºáž | Criminal Prosecution
á¡áá±ážááŒá®ážáá±á¬ á¡áá¯á¶ážá¡ááŸá¯ááºážáá»á¬ážÂ | Important Terms
English | ááŒááºáᬠ(Unicode)
- Related Party Transaction | áááºá ááºáá¯ááºáááºážááŸááºáá»á¬ážááŸáá·áº áá¯ááºááá¯ááºáá±á¬ááºááœááºááŸá¯
- Arm's Length Principle | áá±ážááŸá¯ááºážáá®áá»áŸááŸá¯áááá¬á
- Material RPT | á¡áá±ážááŒá®ážáá±á¬ áááºá ááºáá¯ááºáááºážáá¯ááºááœááº
- Independent Director | ááœááºáááºáá±á¬ áá«ááá¯ááºáá¬
áá¯ááºáá¯á¶ážáá¯ááºáááºáž áááºážááœáŸááºÂ | Procedure Guidelines
- RPT ááŒá áºááá¯ááºááŒá±ááŸááá«á áá¯áá¹ááá®á¡ááœááºážáá±ážááŸá°ážáá¶ á¡ááŒá±á¬ááºážááŒá¬ážáá« | If an RPT is possible, notify the Company Secretary
- ááœááºáááºáá±á¬ áá«ááá¯ááºáá¬áá»á¬ážá á¡ááŒá¶ááŒá¯áá»ááºááᯠááá°áá« | Obtain recommendations from Independent Directors
- áá¯ááºá¡ááœá²á·á á¡áááºááŒá¯áá»ááºááááá»ááºáž áá±á¬ááºááœááºááŒááºážáááŒá¯á | Do not proceed until Board approval is obtained
áááºááœááºáááº: | Contact:
ð§Â [email protected]Â | ð§Â [email protected]
ð +áá á ááá ááá ááá | ð +95 9 777 777 777
ááŸááºáá»ááº: | Note:
- á€áá°áá«áááẠááŒááºáá¬ááá¯ááºáá¶ááŸááºáá¬áá±ážáá±á¬áºáááŸáẠ(SEC) á áááºážááœáŸááºáá»ááºáá»á¬ážááŸáá·áºá¡áá®ááŒá áºááẠ| This policy is in accordance with the guidelines of the Myanmar Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)
- Zawgyi áá±á¬áá·áº ááá¯á¶ážá (Unicode áᬠá¡áá¯á¶ážááŒá¯áá«) | Do not use Zawgyi font (Use Unicode only)
- (PDF/Word áá¬ážááŸááºážááá¯áá«á áá»á±ážáá°ážááŒá¯á áá±á¬ááºážáá¶áá«á) | (Please request if you need a PDF/Word version.)
- á¡áá±ážááŒá®áž: á€áá°áá«áááᯠáá«ááá¯ááºáá¬áá»á¬ážááŸáá·áº á¡áá¬ááŸáááŒá®ážáá»á¬áž ááŸá áºá ááºáá±á·áá»áá·áºááẠááá¯á¡ááºáá«áááºá | Important: This policy requires annual training for directors and senior officers.
áááºá ááºáá¯ááºáááºážááŸáẠ(Related Party) ááŸááºážáááºážáá»ááºááŸáá·áº á¥ááá¬áá»á¬ážÂ | Related Party Explanation and Examples
(RPT Policy á¡ááœáẠá¡áá±ážá áááºááŸááºážáááºážáá»ááº) | (Detailed Explanation for RPT Policy)
áá áááºá ááºáá¯ááºáááºážááŸáẠ(Related Party) á¡áááá¹áá«ááºÂ | 1. Definition of Related Party
áááºá ááºáá¯ááºáááºážááŸáẠááá¯áááºááŸá¬ áá¯áá¹ááá®ááŸáá·áº á¡á±á¬ááºáá«áááºááœááºááŸá¯ááŸááá°áá»á¬ážááŒá áºááẠ- | A Related Party is a person or entity with the following connections to the company -
â á¡á¯ááºáá»á¯ááºáá±ážááŸá°áž/áá«ááá¯ááºáᬠ|  Director
â á¡áááááŸááºáá¬ááŸáẠ(Shareholder 5%+) |  Major Shareholder (5%+)
â áááá¬ážá á¯ááẠ(ááá®áž/áááºááœááºážá áá¬ážááá®ážá áááá áá±á¬ááºááŸá) |  Family Member (spouse, children, parents, siblings)
â áá°áááºáá»ááºáž/áá¯ááºáá±á¬áºááá¯ááºááẠ(á¡áá»áá¯ážá á®ážááœá¬ážááŸááá°) |  Friend/Business Partner (Person with interest)
áá á¥ááá¬áá»á¬áž - áááºááá¯á¡ááŒá±á¡áá±ááœá±á RPT ááŒá áºááá²? | 2. Examples - Which situations become RPT?
á¥ááᬠ(á): áááºáá±áá»á¬á áá°áááºáá»ááºážááᯠOffice Supply Tender áááºááá¯ááºážááŒááºážÂ | Example (1): Manager asks a friend to submit an Office Supply Tender
á¡ááŒá±á¡áá±: áá¯áá¹ááá®áááºáá±áá»á¬ "áŠážá¡á±á¬ááº" á áá°ááá°áááºáá»ááºáž "áá±á«áºááŒáá·áºááŒáá·áº" á¡á¬áž á¡á±á¬áºáá áºáááºáá®áá»á¬ (Office Furniture) áá¯ááºáááºážááœá²áááºáá« áááºááẠá¡ááŒá¶áá±ážáá²á·ááŒá®áž ááá¯áá¯áá¹ááá®ááᯠá¡ááá¯ááºáá á±áá²á·áááºá | Situation: Company Manager "U Aung" advised his friend "Daw Myint Myint" to submit a tender for an Office Furniture subcontract, and her company won.
RPT ááŒá áºááá¯ááº/áááŒá áºááá¯ááº: | Could it be an RPT?:
â ááŒá áºááá¯áẠ- á¡áááºá "áá±á«áºááŒáá·áºááŒáá·áº" ááẠáŠážá¡á±á¬ááºá á¡áá»áá¯ážá á®ážááœá¬ážááŸááºááŒá áºáá«á (á¥ááᬠ- áá°áááá¯ááºáááºážááœáẠáŠážá¡á±á¬áẠááŸááºáá¬ááŸááºááŒá áºáá±áá»áŸááº) | â Yes - If "Daw Myint Myint" is a person in whom U Aung has an interest (e.g., if U Aung is a shareholder in her business)
â áááŒá áºááá¯áẠ- á¡áááºá "áá±á«áºááŒáá·áºááŒáá·áº" ááẠáŠážá¡á±á¬ááºá áá¬áááºáá°áááºáá»ááºážáá¬ááŒá áºááŒá®áž áá¬áááºá ááºááŸá¯ááŸáááŸááá»áŸáẠ| â No - If "Daw Myint Myint" is merely a casual friend of U Aung with no beneficial interest
á¥ááᬠ(á): áá«ááá¯ááºáá¬ááá¬áž áá¯áá¹ááá®á០áááºáá±á¬ááºááŸá¯áááºáá°ááŒááºážÂ | Example (2): Director's son purchasing services from the company
á¡ááŒá±á¡áá±: áá«ááá¯ááºáᬠ"áá±á«ááºáá¬ááá¯áž" ááá¬áž "ááá¯ááá¯ááºááá¯ááº" ááẠIT áá¯áá¹ááá®áá áºáá¯ááá¯ááºááá¯ááºááŒá®áž áááááºáá¯áá¹ááá®á០CLOUD Services áááºáá°áá²á·áááºá | Situation: Director "Dr. Moe"'s son "Ko Nyein Nyein" owns an IT company and purchased CLOUD Services from the parent company.
RPT ááŒá áºáááº: â ááŒá áºááá¯áẠ- áá«ááá¯ááºáá¬á ááá¯ááºááá¯ááºáááá¬ážá á¯ááẠááŒá áºáá±á¬ááŒá±á¬áá·áº á¡áááºááŒá¯áá»ááºááá¯á¡ááºáááºá | Is it an RPT?: â Yes - Because he is a direct family member of the Director, approval is required.
áá RPT áá¯ááºááá¯áẠáááºááá¯áá¯á¶ážááŒááºááá²? | 3. How to decide if it's an RPT?
á¡á±á¬ááºáá«áá±ážááœááºážáá»á¬ážáá±ážáá« - | Ask the following questions -
1ïžâ£ á€áá¯ááºáááºážá ááºááœáẠáá¯áá¹ááá®á¡á¯ááºáá»á¯ááºáá±ážááŸá°áž/ááŸááºáá¬ááŸáẠ(ááá¯á·) áááºážááááá¬ážá á¯áááºáá«áááºáá±ááá¬áž? | 1 Is a company director/shareholder or their family member involved in this process?
2ïžâ£ á€ááá±á¬áá°áá®áá»ááºá០áá¯áá¹ááá¯ááºáá±ážá¡áá»áá¯ážá á®ážááœá¬ážááŸáááá¬áž? |  Is there a personal beneficial interest from this agreement?
3ïžâ£ áá±ážááœááºá¡ááŒá±á¡áá±ááẠááá¯ááá¯áá±á¬ááºážááœááºáá±á¬á¡ááŒá±á¡áá±áá±ážáá±ááá¬áž? |  Is it providing better terms than market conditions?
RPT á¡áá»áá¯ážá¡á á¬ážáá»á¬ážÂ | Types of RPT
á¡áá»áá¯ážá¡á á¬ážÂ | Type
- áááá¬ážá á¯áááºááœááºááŸá¯ | Family Relationship
- á¡áá»áá¯ážá á®ážááœá¬ážááŸááºáá»á¬áž | Persons with Interest
- á¡ááŒá¬ážáá¯áá¹ááá®áá»á¬ážááŸáá·áº áá»áááºáááºááŸá¯ | Connected through other companies
á¥ááá¬Â | Example
- áá«ááá¯ááºáá¬ááááºááœááºáž áá¯áá¹ááá®á០áá á¹á ááºážáááºáá°ááŒááºáž | Director's spouse purchasing goods from the company
- áááºáá±áá»á¬á áá áºáááºážáááºážááŒáá·áº ááá¯ááºááá¯ááºáá±á¬ Supplier | A Supplier partially owned by the Manager
- áá¯áá¹ááá® A ááŸáá·áº B ááẠáá°áá®áá±á¬ ááŸááºáá¬ááŸááºáá»á¬ážááá¯áẠ| Company A and B owned by the same shareholders
áá¯ááºáá±á¬ááºáááºÂ | To Do
â RPT ááŒá áºááá¯ááºááŒá±ááŸááá«á Compliance Officer á¡á¬áž áá»ááºáá»ááºážá¡ááŒá±á¬ááºážááŒá¬ážáá« | â If an RPT is possible, immediately notify the Compliance Officer
â á¡áááºážáá¯á¶áž áá»ááºááááºáž (ááá) á¡ááẠááá¯áá«á áá¯ááºá¡ááœá²á·áá¶ ááŒáá¯áááºáááºááŒááẠ| â If the value exceeds MMK 10 Lakhs, it must be pre-approved by the Board
(ááŒááºáá¬ááá¯ááºáá¶ áá¯áá¹ááá®áá»á¬ážá¡ááºá¥ááá± áááá ááŸáá·áºá¡áá®) | (In accordance with Myanmar Companies Law 2017)
áááááŒá¯áááº: RPT áá»á¬ážááẠá¥ááá±á¡á ááá¬ážáááºááá¯ááºáá±á¬áºáááºáž ááœáá·áºáááºážááŒááºáá¬ááŸá¯ááŸáááẠááá¯á¡ááºáá«áááºá  Note: While RPTs can be legal, transparency is required.
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Surveying is the science, art, and technology of measuring and determining the relative positions of points on, above, or beneath the Earthâs surface, and representing them on maps, plans, or digitally.
It involves collecting data about land, structures, and natural features to support planning, design, and construction.
Key points about surveying:
Purpose: To establish boundaries, create maps, prepare construction layouts, and support engineering projects.
Instruments used: Total stations, theodolites, levels, GPS/GNSS receivers, drones, and laser scanners.
Applications:
Land and property boundary demarcation
Construction and engineering works (roads, bridges, buildings)
Mapping and urban planning
Mining, oil, and gas exploration
Environmental studies and hydrography
ð In short, surveying ensures that projects are built in the right location, at the right size, and with accurate positioning.
Would you like me to also explain the types of surveying (like land, hydrographic, geodetic, engineering, etc.) with examples?
Surveying (áááºážáá±ážì)
English:
Surveying is the science, art, and technology of measuring and determining the relative positions of points on, above, or beneath the Earthâs surface, and representing them on maps or plans.
Myanmar (ááŒááºáá¬):
Surveying ááá¯áááºááŸá¬ ááŒá±áá»ááºááŸá¬ááŒááºáá±á«áºá á¡áá±á«áºááá¯ááºážá á¡á±á¬ááºááá¯ááºážá០áááá»áá±á¬ á¡áá»ááºá¡áááºáá»á¬ážááᯠááá¯ááºážáá¬áááºááŸááºááŒá®áž ááŒá±áá¯á¶áá»á¬ážá ááá¯ááºážáá¯á¶áá»á¬ážá¡ááŒá Ạáá±á¬áºááŒááŒááºážááŸáá·áº ááá¯ááºáá±á¬ ááá¹ááá á¡áááºááá¬áá áºááẠááŒá áºáááºá
Key Purposes / á¡ááá áááºááœááºáá»ááºáá»á¬áž
English: To establish land boundaries, create maps, support construction, and aid engineering projects.
Myanmar: ááŒá±ááœááºáááºáááºááŸááºááŒááºážá ááŒá±áá¯á¶áá»á¬ážááœá²ááŒááºážá áá±á¬ááºáá¯ááºáá±ážáá¯ááºáááºážáá»á¬ážá¡ááœáẠá¡ááŒá±áá¶áá¶á·ááá¯ážááŒááºážááŸáá·áº á¡ááºáá»ááºáá®áá¬áá¯ááºáááºážáá»á¬ážááœáẠá¡áá¯á¶ážáá»ááŒááºážá
Instruments Used / á¡áá¯á¶ážááŒá¯áá±á¬ áááááá¬áá»á¬áž
English: Total Station, Theodolite, Level, GPS/GNSS, Drone, Laser Scanner.
Myanmar: ááá¯ááºáááºá áá±ážááŸááºáž (Total Station)á áá®á¡áá¯ááá¯ááá¯ááºáž (Theodolite)á áááºááẠ(Level)á áá»á®áá®á¡ááºá áº/áá»á®á¡ááºá¡ááºá áºá¡ááºá Ạ(GPS/GNSS)á ááá¯ááºáž (Drone)á áá±áᬠá áááºáᬠ(Laser Scanner)á
Applications / á¡áá¯á¶ážáá»áá¬áá±áá¬áá»á¬áž
English:
Land and property boundary surveys
Construction (roads, bridges, buildings)
Mapping and urban planning
Mining, oil, and gas exploration
Hydrographic and environmental studies
Myanmar:
ááŒá±ááœááºáááºáá¯á¶ážáá²á· ááá¯ááºááá¯ááºááŸá¯ áááºááŸááºááŒááºáž
áá±á¬ááºáá¯ááºáá±áž (áááºážáá»á¬ážá áá¶áá¬ážáá»á¬ážá á¡áá±á¬ááºá¡áŠážáá»á¬áž)
ááŒá±áá¯á¶ááœá²ááŒááºážááŸáá·áº ááŒáá¯á·ááŒá á®áá¶ááááºáž
ááá¹áá¯áá°ážáá±á¬áºáá±ážá áá±áá¶á áá¬ááºááœá±á· á¡á áœááºážáááºážááŸá¬ááœá±ááŸá¯
áá±á¡áááºážá¡ááŒá áºááŸáá·áº áááºáááºážáá»áẠáá¯áá±áááá»á¬áž
ð In short / á¡áá»ááºážáá»á¯ááº
English: Surveying ensures accurate positioning so that projects are built correctly.
Myanmar: Surveying ááẠáááá»ááŸááºáááºáá±á¬ áááºáá±áá¬áá»á¬ážááᯠáááºááŸááºáá±ážááŒá®áž á á®áá¶ááááºážáá»á¬ážááᯠááŸááºáááºá áœá¬ áá±á¬ááºáá¯ááºááá¯ááºááẠá¡áá±ážáá«áááºá
Training Learn by Center of Vocational Training (CVT-Hlaing)
Presented byÂ
Training Date - (18-11-2024 to 22-11-2024)
Attendance List - Ma Aye Aye Khaing (5Off), Ma San San Oo
á¡ááŒááºááœá±ááœá²áá±áá±ážáá°áá«á (Dividend Policy)
(Unicode ááŒááºáá¬áá±á¬áá·áº - ááŸááºáá¬ááŸááºáá»á¬ážá¡ááœááº)
áá á¡ááŒá±áá¶áá°áá»á¬áž (Core Principles)
áá¯áá¹ááá®á ááŸá áºá ááºá¡ááŒááºááœá±á០ááŸááºáá¬ááŸááºáá»á¬ážá¡á¬áž ááœá±ááŒá±ážááŒááºáááºááœá²áá±ááŒááºáž
ááœá²áá±ááŸá¯ááá¬á ááᯠá¡á±á¬ááºáá«á¡áá»ááºáá»á¬ážá¡áá±á«áº á¡ááŒá±áá¶áá¯á¶ážááŒááº:
â áá¯áá¹ááá®á ááá¹áá¬áá±ážáááºááŒáááºááŸá¯
â ááá¯á¡ááºáá±á¬ ááŒááºáááºáááºážááŸá®ážááŒáŸá¯ááºááŸá¶ááŸá¯áá»á¬áž
â ááŸááºáá¬ááŸááºáá»á¬ážá á¡áá»áá¯ážá á®ážááœá¬áž
áá á¡ááŒááºááœá±ááœá²áá±ááŸá¯á¡áá»áá¯ážá¡á á¬ážáá»á¬áž
ááœá±áá¬ážá¡ááŒááºááœá± (Cash Dividend)
ááŸááºáá¬áá áºáá¯áá»áŸááºÂ áá»áẠááá á០á áá á¡áá
ááŸá áºá ááº/áá¯á¶ážááá áºááŒááẠáá±ážáá»á±ááá¯ááº
á¡ááá¯ááŸááºáá¬áá»á¬ážááŒáá·áº á¡ááŒááºááœá± (Stock Dividend)
ááŸááºáᬠáá áá¯áá»áŸáẠá áᯠá¡ááá²á·áá±ážááŒááºáž
á¡áá°ážá¡ááŒááºááœá± (Special Dividend)
á¡ááá¯á¡ááŒááºááœá±áá»á¬ážááŸááá«á ááŒá±áá¬ááŒááºáž
áá á¡ááŒááºááœá±ááœá²áá±ááẠáá¯ááºáá¯á¶ážáá¯ááºáááºáž
â áá¯ááºá¡ááœá²á·á á¡ááá¯ááŒá¯áá»ááºÂ â ááŸááºáá¬ááŸááºáá»á¬áž á¡á ááºážá¡áá±ážááœáẠá¡áááºááŒá¯ááŒááºáž
â ááŸááºáá¯á¶áááºáááºá áœá² (Record Date) áááºááŸááºááŒááºáž
â ááœá±áá»á±ááẠ(Payment Date) ááŒá±áá¬ááŒááºáž
áá á¡ááŒááºááœá±áááœá²áá±áá® á ááºážá á¬ážáááá·áºá¡áá»ááºáá»á¬áž
á¡áá±ážáá±á«áºáááºáá¯á¶ááœá±Â áá¬ážááŸáááŸá¯
á¡ááŒáœá±ážáááºááá¯ááºá áœááºáž
á¡áá¬áááºááá¯ážáá»á²á·ááŸá¯á¡ááœáẠáááºážááŸá®ážááŒáŸá¯ááºááŸá¶ááŸá¯ááá¯á¡ááºáá»ááº
á¡áá±ážááŒá®ážáá±á¬ á¡áá¯á¶ážá¡ááŸá¯ááºážáá»á¬áž
| English | ááŒááºáᬠ(Unicode) |
|---|---|
| Dividend Payout Ratio | á¡ááŒááºááœá±ááœá²áá±ááŸá¯áá¬ááá¯ááºááŸá¯ááºáž |
| Ex-Dividend Date | á¡ááŒááºááœá±ááááŸáááá¯ááºáá±á¬ááẠ|
| Interim Dividend | áá¬áá®á¡ááŒááºááœá±ááœá²áá±ááŸá¯ |
| Dividend Yield | á¡ááŒááºááœá±á¡ááœááºááŸá¯ááºáž |
á¥ááᬠ- á¡ááŒááºááœá±ááœááºáááºáž
áá¯áá¹ááá® ABC á áááá ááá¹áá¬áá±ážááŸá áºááœáẠ-
á¡ááŒááºááœá±Â = áá»áẠáááá ááááºáž
ááœá²áá±ááá·áºááá¬á = áá% (áá»áẠááá ááááºáž)
ááŸááºáá¬á¡áá±á¡ááœááºÂ = á áááºáž
ááŸááºáá¬áá áºáá¯áá»áŸáẠá¡ááŒááºááœá±Â = áá»áẠááá
ááŸááºáá¬ááŸááºáá»á¬ážá¡ááœáẠá¡áá»ááºá¡áááº
á¡ááŒááºááœá±áá±á¬ááºáá¶áááºÂ á¡ááœááºÂ Record Date ááœáẠááŸááºáá¬ááá¯ááºááá¯ááºáá¬ážááẠááá¯á¡ááº
á¡ááœááºáá±á¬ááºáá¶ááŸá¯Â (áá% withholding tax)
áááºááœááºáááº:
ð§Â [email protected]
ð +áá á ááá ááá ááá
ááŸááºáá»ááº:
á€áá°áá«ááááºÂ ááŒááºáá¬ááá¯ááºáá¶áá¯áá¹ááá®áá»á¬ážá¡ááºá¥ááá±ááŸáá·áºá¡áá®ááŒá áºááŒá®ážÂ ááŸááºáá¬ááŸááºá¡á ááºážá¡áá±ážááŒáá·áº ááŒááºáááºááá¯ááºáááºá
Zawgyi áá±á¬áá·áº ááá¯á¶ážá (Unicode áᬠá¡áá¯á¶ážááŒá¯áá«)
áá»áœááºá¯ááºááá¯á·ááááá¬ážá á¯áááºá¡áá áºá¡á¬áž ááŒáá¯ááá¯ááŒááºážááŸáá·áº á¡áá¬áááºá¡á±á¬ááºááŒááºááŸá¯áá»á¬áž áá¯áá±á¬ááºáž
áá»á áºáááºááá«áá±á¬ [áááºáááºážá¡áááº]á
[áá¯áá¹ááá®á¡áááº] á á á®áá¶ááá·áºááœá²ááŸá¯á¡ááœá²á·ááŸáá·áº áááºáááºážá¡á¬ážáá¯á¶ážááá¯ááºá á¬áž ááá·áºá¡á¬áž áá»áœááºá¯ááºááá¯á·ááááá¬ážá á¯áááºá¡ááŒá ẠáááºážááŒá±á¬ááºá áœá¬ ááŒáá¯ááá¯áá«áááºá áááºááá»áœááºážáá»ááºááŸá¯á á áœááºážá¡á¬ážááŸáá·áº á¡áá áºá¡áááºážáá±á¬ á¡ááœá±ážá¡ááŒááºáá»á¬ážááᯠáá»áœááºá¯ááºááá¯á·á¡ááœá²á·á¡á ááºážááœáẠáá»áŸáá±ááááºááᯠá¡áá°ážááẠáá»áŸá±á¬áºááá·áºáá¬ážáá«áááºá
á€á¡áá áºáá±á¬ááá®ážááᯠá áááºáá¬ááœáẠáááºáááŒá®ážááœá¬ážááŸá¯á áá»ááºážáá¬áá±ážááŸáá·áº á¡á±á¬ááºááŒááºááŸá¯áá»á¬ážááẠáá»áœááºá¯ááºááá¯á·ááŠážá á¬ážáá±ážáá¯ááºáááºážá ááºááŒá áºááŒá±á¬ááºáž ááá á±ááá¯áá«áááºá [áá¯áá¹ááá®á¡áááº] ááœáẠáá»áœááºá¯ááºááá¯á·ááẠá¡áá¯ááºáá°áá°áá¯ááºáá¯á¶áá¬áá áá°áá°áá±á·áá¬á áá®ááœááºáááºáá®ážá á¡áá°áááœááŒá®ážááœá¬ážááŒáá«áááºá
ááá·áºá¡ááœáẠá¡áá°ážá¡á á®á¡á ááºáá»á¬áž:
Odoo ERP áá±á·áá¬áá±ážá¡á á®á¡á ááºÂ - áá»áœááºá¯ááºááá¯á·ááœáẠOdoo ERP á áá áºááᯠáá»áœááºážáá»áœááºážáá»ááºáá»áẠá¡áá¯á¶ážááŒá¯ááá¯ááºááẠá¡áá°ážáá±á·áá»áá·áºáááºááŒá¬ážáá±ážáá±á¬ á¡á á®á¡á ááºááŸááá«áááºá
á¡ááŒá¶ááŒá¯ááá¯áá«á - áááºááá·áºá¡áá»áááºááœááºáááá¯Â [email protected] ááá¯á· á¡á®ážáá±ážááºááá¯á·á áá±á¬áºáááºážáá±á¬ááºážá Odoo Help Desk á០Feed-back Channel ááᯠá¡áá¯á¶ážááŒá¯á áá±á¬áºáááºážáá±á¬ááºáž á¡ááŒá¶áá¬ááºáá»á¬áž ááŒááºáááºáá±ážááá¯á·ááá¯ááºáá«áááºá
áááºáá¡áá¯ááºáá áºááœáẠá áááºáá±á«áºááŸá¯ááá¯ááºážááᯠáááºáá°ááŸá¯á¡ááœáá·áºá¡áááºážá¡ááŒá áºá á¡ááœá²á·á¡á ááºážá¡áá°áá°áá¯ááºáá±á¬ááºááŸá¯ááá¯ááºážááᯠáá±ááŸááºáááºáá¶áá±ážáááºáá±á¬ááºáá¬á¡ááœáá·áºá¡áááºážá¡ááŒá áºá á¡á±á¬ááºááŒááºááŸá¯ááá¯ááºážááᯠááá¯ááá¯ááŒá®ážáá¬ážáá±á¬á¡á±á¬ááºááŒááºááŸá¯áá®ááá¯á· ááŒá±ááŸááºážáá áºáá¯á¡ááŒá ẠááŸá¯ááŒááºááá¯ááºáá«á
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áá áºááẠááŒáá¯ááá¯áá«áááºá ááá·áºá¡á±á¬ááºááŒááºááŸá¯áá»á¬ážááᯠá¡áá°ááᜠáá»á®ážáá»á°ážááááºááᯠáá»áŸá±á¬áºááá·áºáá»ááºá
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⢠Odoo ERP áá±á·áá¬áááº: [ááá·áºááº]
⢠á¡ááŒá¶ááŒá¯ááá¯áá«á: [email protected]
⢠Odoo Help Desk Feed-back Channel: [ááá·áºááº]
Fujifilm BI-ApeosWare Management Suite (AWMS) | á¡á®ážáá¬á·áááºážáááºáááºáž - Fujifilm BI-ApeosWare Management Suite (AWMS)
Course Title: Streamlining Your Digital Workflow with Fujifilm AWMS | ááá·áºááá áºáá»á áºáááºáá¯ááºáááºážá ááºáá»á¬ážááᯠFujifilm AWMS ááŒáá·áº áá»á±á¬ááœá±á·á áœá¬áá¯ááºáá±á¬ááºááŒááºáž
Course Goal: To equip learners with the knowledge to understand the purpose, core components, and business benefits of the Fujifilm BI-ApeosWare Management Suite. | áááºáááºážáá¬ážáá»á¬ážá¡á¬áž Fujifilm BI-ApeosWare Management Suite á áááºááœááºáá»ááºá á¡áááá¡á áááºá¡ááá¯ááºážáá»á¬ážááŸáá·áº á á®ážááœá¬ážáá±ážá¡áá»áá¯ážáá»á±ážáá°ážáá»á¬ážááᯠáá¬ážáááºá á±ááẠááŒááºáááºáá±ážááŒááºáž ááŒá áºáááºá
Module 1: Welcome & Course Overview | ááŒáá¯ááá¯ááŒááºážááŸáá·áº áááºáááºážá¡áá±á«áºáá±á·áá¬ááŒááºáž
1.1 Welcome Message | ááŒáá¯ááá¯á áá¬áž: Introduction to the course objectives and structure. | áááºáááºážá áááºááŸááºážáá»ááºáá»á¬ážááŸáá·áº áááºáá±á¬ááºáá¯á¶ááᯠááááºáááºááŒááºážá
1.2 What is AWMS? (A High-Level View) | AWMS ááá¯áá¬áá¬áá² (á¡ááŒáá·áºáá¯á¶ážá¡ááá·áº ááŸá¯áá±á¬áá·áº): A brief animated video showing common office challenges and how AWMS acts as a central nervous system. | áá¯á¶ážá¡áááºá¡áá²áá»á¬ážááŸáá·áº AWMS ááẠá¡áááºáááá¯á¡á¬áá¯á¶ááŒá±á¬á áá áºáá²á·ááá¯á· á¡áá¯ááºáá¯ááºáá¯á¶ááᯠáá¯ááºááŸááºááá¯ááŒáá·áº ááŒáááŒááºážá
1.3 Key Learning Objectives | á¡ááá áááºáá°ááá·áº áááºááŸááºážáá»ááºáá»á¬áž: By the end of this course, you will be able to: | á€áááºáááºážá¡áá¯á¶ážááœáẠáááºááẠá¡á±á¬ááºáá«ááá¯á·ááᯠáá¯ááºáá±á¬ááºááá¯ááºáááºááŒá áºáááº-
Define what AWMS is and its primary purpose. | AWMS ááá¯áááºááŸá¬ á¡áááºáááºáž ááŸáá·áº áááºážá á¡ááááááºááœááºáá»ááºááᯠáááºááŸááºááá¯ááºáááºá
Identify the main components of the suite. | Suite á á¡áááá¡á áááºá¡ááá¯ááºážáá»á¬ážááᯠááœá²ááŒá¬ážááááŒááºááá¯ááºáááºá
Explain the key benefits each component provides. | á¡á áááºá¡ááá¯ááºážáá áºáá¯á á®áá±ážáá±á¬ á¡áááá¡áá»áá¯ážáá»á±ážáá°ážáá»á¬ážááᯠááŸááºážááŒááá¯ááºáááºá
Recognize how AWMS solves real-world business problems. | AWMS ááẠáááºááœá±á·á á®ážááœá¬ážáá±ážááŒá¿áá¬áá»á¬ážááᯠáááºááá¯á·ááŒá±ááŸááºážáá±ážáááºááᯠááááŒááºááá¯ááºáááºá
Module 2: The Foundation - Understanding AWMS | á¡ááŒá±áá¶ - AWMS ááá¯áá¬ážáááºááŒááºáž
2.1 Learning Objective | áááºáá°ááá·áº áááºááŸááºážáá»ááº: Define the core concept of AWMS. | AWMS á á¡ááŒá±áá¶á¡áá°á¡áááᯠáááºááŸááºááá¯ááºáááºá
2.2 What is Fujifilm BI-ApeosWare Management Suite? | Fujifilm BI-ApeosWare Management Suite ááá¯áá¬áá¬áá²?
Definition | á¡áááá¹áá¬ááºááœáá·áºááá¯áá»ááº: AWMS is not a single program, but an integrated suite of software solutions designed to manage and optimize your company's document workflow and printing environment. | AWMS ááẠáá±á¬á·ááºáá²áá áºáá¯áááºážááá¯ááºáá² ááá·áºáá¯áá¹ááá®á á á¬ááœááºá á¬áááºážáá¯ááºáááºážá ááºááŸáá·áº áá¯á¶ááŸáááºááŒááºážáááºáááºážáá»ááºááᯠá á®áá¶ááá·áºááœá²ááẠáá®ááá¯ááºážáá¯ááºáá¬ážáá±á¬Â áá±á¬á·ááºáá²ááŒá±ááŸááºážáááºážáá»á¬áž áá±á«ááºážá ááºáá¬ážááá·áº Suite áá áºáá¯ááŒá áºáááºá
Core Idea | á¡ááŒá±áá¶á¡áá°á¡á: It connects your people, your multifunction devices (MFPs), and your business applications into a seamless, efficient, and secure digital ecosystem. | áááºážááẠááá·áºáááºáááºážáá»á¬ážá á ááºáááááá¬áá»á¬áž (MFPs) ááŸáá·áº á á®ážááœá¬ážáá±ážá¡ááºááºáá»á¬ážááᯠáá»á±á¬ááœá±á·áááá±á¬ááºááŒá®áž áá¯á¶ááŒá¯á¶áá±á¬ áá áºáá»á áºáááºá áá áºáá áºáá¯á¡ááŒá Ạáá»áááºáááºáá±ážáááºá
Analogy | ááŸáá¯ááºážááŸááºáá»ááº: Think of AWMS as the "operating system" for your office's document processes. | AWMS ááᯠááá·áºáá¯á¶ážá á á¬ááœááºá á¬áááºážáá¯ááºáááºážá ááºáá»á¬ážá¡ááœáẠ"Operating System" á¡ááŒá ẠááŸááºáá°áá«á
Interactive Element | áááºáááºááŸá¯ááºááŸá¬ážááŸá¯á¡á áááºá¡ááá¯ááºáž: Drag-and-drop matching exercise. | ááœá²áá»-áá»áá¬ážááá¯ááºááŸáááŒááºáž áá±á·áá»áá·áºáááºážá
Module 3: Exploring the Core Components of AWMS | AWMS á á¡áááá¡á áááºá¡ááá¯ááºážáá»á¬ážááᯠá á°ážá ááºážáá±á·áá¬ááŒááºáž
3.1 Learning Objective | áááºáá°ááá·áº áááºááŸááºážáá»ááº: Identify the main modules within the AWMS suite and their primary functions. | AWMS suite á¡ááœááºážááŸá á¡ááááá±á¬áºáá»á°ážáá»á¬ážááŸáá·áº áááºážááá¯á·á á¡ááááá¯ááºáá±á¬ááºáá»ááºáá»á¬ážááᯠááœá²ááŒá¬ážááááŒááºááá¯ááºáááºá
Sub-Module 3.1: AWMS Device Manager - Gaining Control of Your Fleet | AWMS Device Manager - ááá·áºá ááºáá á¹á ááºážáá»á¬ážááᯠááááºážáá»á¯ááºááŒááºáž
Concept | á¡áá°á¡á: This is the central dashboard for managing all your networked printers and MFPs. | ááá·áºáá²á· ááœááºáááºáá»áááºáááºáá¬ážáá²á· ááááºáá¬ááœá±áá²á· MFP á¡á¬ážáá¯á¶ážááᯠá á®áá¶ááá·áºááœá²ááá¯á· á¡áááá¡áá¯á¶ážááŒá¯áááá·áº dashboard ááŒá áºáá«áááºá
Key Functions | á¡ááááá¯ááºáá±á¬ááºáá»ááºáá»á¬áž:
Monitor Device Status | á ááºá¡ááŒá±á¡áá±ááᯠá á±á¬áá·áºááŒáá·áºááŒááºáž: See toner levels, paper jams, and usage data in real-time. | ááá¯áá¬á¡ááá·áºá á áá¹áá°áááºááŒááºážááŸáá·áº á¡áá¯á¶ážááŒá¯ááŸá¯áá±áá¬áá»á¬ážááᯠááá¯ááºááá¯ááºááŒáá·áºááŸá¯ááá¯ááºáááºá
Cost Tracking & Allocation | áá¯ááºáá»á ááááºááŒá±áá¬áá¶ááŒááºážááŸáá·áº ááœá²áá±ááŒááºáž: Track print/scan volumes by user, department, or project. | á¡áá¯á¶ážááŒá¯áá°á áá¬á ááá¯á·ááá¯áẠááá±á¬áá»ááºá¡ááá¯áẠáá¯á¶ááŸáááºááŒááºáž/á áááºáááºááŒááºáž ááá¬ááá»á¬ážááᯠááŒá±áá¬áá¶áá«á
Business Benefit | á á®ážááœá¬ážáá±ážá¡áá»áá¯ážáá»á±ážáá°áž: Reduced costs, increased efficiency. | áá¯ááºáá»á ááááºáá»áŸá±á¬á·áá»ááŒááºážá á áœááºážáá±á¬ááºáááºááŒáá·áºáá¬ážááŒááºážá
Sub-Module 3.2: AWMS Smart Device Commander (SDC) - Secure & Simplify Printing | AWMS Smart Device Commander (SDC) - áá¯á¶ááŸáááºááŒááºážááᯠáá¯á¶ááŒá¯á¶á á±ááŒá®áž ááá¯ážááŸááºážá¡á±á¬ááºáá¯ááºááŒááºáž
Concept | á¡áá°á¡á: Enhances security and convenience for the end-user printing experience. | á¡áá¯á¶ážáá¯á¶ážáá°á áá¯á¶ááŸáááºááŒááºážá¡ááœá±á·á¡ááŒá¯á¶á¡ááœáẠáá¯á¶ááŒá¯á¶áá±ážááŸáá·áº á¡áááºááŒá±ááŸá¯ááᯠááŒáŸáá·áºáááºáá±ážáááºá
Key Functions | á¡ááááá¯ááºáá±á¬ááºáá»ááºáá»á¬áž:
Pull Printing / Follow-Me Printing | ááœá²áá°áá¯á¶ááŸáááºááŒááºáž: A user prints a document, but it is only released when they authenticate at any MFP. | á á¬ááœááºáá áºááœááºááᯠáá¯á¶ááŸáááºáá¯ááºáá±ážáá±á¬áºáááºáž áááºážááᯠMFP áá áºáá¯áá¯ááœáẠá¡áááºááŒá¯ááŒá®ážááŸáᬠáá¯ááºáá±ážáááºá
Secure Print | áá¯á¶ááŒá¯á¶áá±á¬áá¯á¶ááŸáááºááŒááºáž: Documents are encrypted and held on a server until the user authenticates. | á á¬ááœááºá á¬áááºážáá»á¬ážááᯠáá»áŸáá¯á·ááŸááºáá¯ááºááŒáá·áºááááºážáááºážáá¬ážááŒá®áž á¡áá¯á¶ážááŒá¯áá° á¡áááºááŒá¯áááºá¡áá server áá±á«áºááœáẠáá¬ážááŸááááºá
Business Benefit | á á®ážááœá¬ážáá±ážá¡áá»áá¯ážáá»á±ážáá°áž: Enhanced document security, reduced paper waste. | á á¬ááœááºá á¬áááºážáá¯á¶ááŒá¯á¶áá±áž ááŒáŸáá·áºáááºááŒááºážá á áá¹áá°á¡ááœá²áá¯á¶ážá á¬ážáá»áŸá±á¬á·áá»ááŒááºážá
Sub-Module 3.3: AWMS Scan Solution - Digitize Paper Documents Efficiently | AWMS Scan Solution - á áá¹áá°á á¬ááœááºáá»á¬ážááᯠáááá±á¬ááºá áœá¬ áá áºáá»á áºáááºááŒá±á¬ááºážáá²ááŒááºáž
Concept | á¡áá°á¡á: Turns your MFPs into powerful scanning stations. | ááá·áº MFP áá»á¬ážááᯠá áœááºážá¡á¬ážááŒáá·áº á áááºáá¬á ááºáá»á¬ážá¡ááŒá ẠááŒá±á¬ááºážáá²áá±ážáááºá
Key Functions | á¡ááááá¯ááºáá±á¬ááºáá»ááºáá»á¬áž:
Scan-to-Email | á¡á®ážáá±ážááºááá¯á·á áááºáááºááŒááºáž: Scan a document and send it as an email attachment directly from the MFP. | MFP ááŸáá áºááá·áº á á¬ááœááºá á¬áááºážááᯠá áááºáááºáᬠá¡á®ážáá±ážááºááŸáá·áºááœá²ááá¯á·ááá¯ááºáááºá
Scan-to-Network Folder | ááœááºáááºááá¯ááºáá«ááá¯á·á áááºáááºááŒááºáž: Save scanned PDFs directly to a shared drive. | á áááºáááºáá¬ážáá±á¬ PDF áá»á¬ážááᯠáá±áá»áŸáá¬ážáá±á¬ Drive ááá¯á· ááá¯ááºááá¯ááºááááºážáááºážááá¯ááºáááºá
Business Benefit | á á®ážááœá¬ážáá±ážá¡áá»áá¯ážáá»á±ážáá°áž: Faster digitization, reduced manual handling. | áá áºáá»á áºáááºááŒá±á¬ááºážáá²ááŸá¯ ááŒááºáááºááŒááºážá áááºááŒáá·áºááá¯ááºááœááºááŸá¯ áá»áŸá±á¬á·áá»ááŒááºážá
Sub-Module 3.4: AWMS Account & Job Manager - Granular Control & Reporting | AWMS Account & Job Manager - á¡áá±ážá áááºááááºážáá»á¯ááºááŸá¯ááŸáá·áº á¡á á®áááºáá¶ááŒááºáž
Concept | á¡áá°á¡á: Provides deep insights and control over print and scan activities. | áá¯á¶ááŸáááºááŒááºážááŸáá·áº á áááºáááºááŒááºážáá¯ááºáá±á¬ááºááŸá¯áá»á¬ážá¡áá±á«áº áááºááŸáá¯ááºážáá±á¬ ááá¯ážááœááºážááááŒááºááŸá¯ááŸáá·áº ááááºážáá»á¯ááºááŸá¯ááᯠáá±ážá áœááºážáááºá
Key Functions | á¡ááááá¯ááºáá±á¬ááºáá»ááºáá»á¬áž:
User Authentication | á¡áá¯á¶ážááŒá¯áá°á¡áááºááŒá¯ááŒááºáž: Control who can use devices and what functions they can access. | áááºáá°á á ááºáá»á¬ážááá¯áá¯á¶ážááá¯ááºááŒá®áž áááºááá·áºáá¯ááºáá±á¬ááºáá»ááºáá»á¬ážááᯠáááºáá±á¬ááºááŒáá·áºááŸá¯ááá¯ááºáááºááᯠááááºážáá»á¯ááºááŒááºážá
Quota Management | áááºááŸááºáá»ááºá á®áá¶ááá·áºááœá²ááŒááºáž: Set print limits for users or departments to control costs. | áá¯ááºáá»á ááááºááááºážáá»á¯ááºááẠá¡áá¯á¶ážááŒá¯áá°áá»á¬áž ááá¯á·ááá¯áẠáá¬ááá»á¬ážá¡ááœáẠáá¯á¶ááŸáááºááŒááºážááá·áºáááºáá»ááºáá»á¬áž áááºááŸááºááŒááºážá
Business Benefit | á á®ážááœá¬ážáá±ážá¡áá»áá¯ážáá»á±ážáá°áž: Full accountability, detailed cost analysis. | á¡ááŒáá·áºá¡ááá¬áááºáá¶ááŸá¯á áá¯ááºáá»á ááááºá¡áá±ážá áááºáááºážá á áºááŒááºážá
Module 4: Bringing It All Together - Real-World Scenarios | á¡á¬ážáá¯á¶ážáá±á«ááºážá ááºážááŒááºáž - áááºááœá±á·ááŒá áºáááºáá»á¬áž
4.1 Learning Objective | áááºáá°ááá·áº áááºááŸááºážáá»ááº: Apply knowledge of AWMS components to solve business challenges. | á á®ážááœá¬ážáá±ážá áááºáá±á«áºááŸá¯áá»á¬ážááᯠááŒá±ááŸááºážááẠAWMS á¡á áááºá¡ááá¯ááºážáá»á¬ážá¡ááŒá±á¬ááºáž á¡ááááá¬ááᯠá¡áá¯á¶ážáá»ááá¯ááºáááºá
Scenario 1: The Accounting Firm | ááŒá áºááẠá - á á¬áááºážááá¯ááºáá¯áá¹ááá®
Challenge | á áááºáá±á«áºááŸá¯: Confidential client data being left on printers. Printing costs are unclear. | áá»áŸáá¯á·ááŸááºáá±á¬ááºáááºáá±áá¬áá»á¬áž ááááºáá¬áá±á«áºááœáẠáá»ááºááŸááá±ááŒááºážá áá¯á¶ááŸáááºáá¯ááºáá»á áááẠáááŸááºážáááºážááŒááºážá
Solution | ááŒá±ááŸááºážáááºáž: AWMS Smart Device Commander for secure pull printing. AWMS Device Manager to track costs. | áá¯á¶ááŒá¯á¶áá±á¬ ááœá²áá°áá¯á¶ááŸáááºááŒááºážá¡ááœááºÂ AWMS Smart Device Commanderá áá¯ááºáá»á ááááºááŒá±áá¬áá¶áááºÂ AWMS Device Managerá
Module 5: Knowledge Check & Summary | á¡ááááá¬á á áºáá±ážááŒááºážááŸáá·áº á¡ááŸá áºáá»á¯ááº
5.1 Final Quiz | áá±á¬ááºáá¯á¶ážá¡ááœááºáá±ážááœááºážáá»á¬áž (10 Multiple Choice Questions | áá áá¯áá»áŸáá±á¬ ááœá±ážáá»ááºááœáá·áºáá±ážááœááºážáá»á¬áž):
Questions based on definitions, functions, and matching components to benefits. | á¡áááá¹áá¬ááºááœáá·áºááá¯áá»ááºáá»á¬ážá áá¯ááºáá±á¬ááºáá»ááºáá»á¬ážááŸáá·áº á¡á áááºá¡ááá¯ááºážáá»á¬ážááᯠá¡áá»áá¯ážáá»á±ážáá°ážáá»á¬ážááŸáá·áº ááá¯ááºááŸáááŒááºážáá±á«áº á¡ááŒá±áá¶áá±á¬ áá±ážááœááºážáá»á¬ážá
5.2 Course Summary | áááºáááºážá¡ááŸá áºáá»á¯ááº:
Recap of AWMS as an integrated suite. | áá±á«ááºážá ááºáá¬ážáá±á¬ suite á¡ááŒá ẠAWMS ááᯠááŒááºáááºáá¯á¶ážáááºááŒááºážá
Next Steps | áá±á¬ááºáá áºááá·áº: "Contact your Fujifilm representative for a demo." | "ááá·áºááá¯á¡ááºáá»ááºáá»á¬ážááŸáá·áºááá¯ááºáá®áá±á¬ ááá¯ááºááŒááŸá¯á¡ááœáẠFujifilm ááá¯ááºá á¬ážááŸááºááᯠáááºááœááºáá«á"
1. Introduction / áááá«ááºáž
English:
Surveying is one of the most important branches of civil engineering. It ensures that all projects, whether land development, construction, or resource management, are carried out with accuracy and safety.
Myanmar:
Surveying ááẠá¡ááºáá»ááºáá®áá¬áá¯ááºáááºážáá»á¬ážá¡ááœáẠá¡ááœááºá¡áá±ážááŒá®ážáá±á¬ á¡ááŒá±áá¶á¡áááºážááá¹ááá áºáᯠááŒá áºáááºá ááŒá±áá¬á á®áá¶ááá·áºááœá²ááŸá¯á áá±á¬ááºáá¯ááºáá±ážá ááá¬áá¡áááºážá¡ááŒá áºá á®áá¶ááá·áºááœá²ááŸá¯ááá¯á·ááᯠáááá»á áœá¬ áá¯á¶ááŒá¯á¶á áœá¬ áá±á¬ááºááœááºááá¯ááºá á±ááẠá¡ááŒá±áá¶áá¬ážáááºá
2. Why is Surveying Important? / Surveying á¡áá±ážááŒá®ážááá·áº á¡ááŒá±á¬ááºáž
English:
Defines boundaries â Avoids land disputes by setting clear property limits.
Supports construction â Ensures buildings, bridges, and roads are built in the right place.
Creates maps and plans â Provides reliable data for city planning.
Helps in exploration â Used in mining, oil, and gas projects.
Environmental management â Protects resources such as rivers, forests, and coasts.
Economic development â Provides the foundation for infrastructure growth.
Myanmar:
áááºáá¯á¶ážáááºááŸááºááŒááºáž â ááŒá±áá¬ááá¯ááºááá¯ááºááŸá¯ á¡ááŒááºážááœá¬ážááŸá¯áá»á¬áž áááŒá áºá á±ááẠáá°áá®áá±ážáááºá
áá±á¬ááºáá¯ááºáá±ážá¡áá±á¬ááºá¡áá¶á· â á¡áá±á¬ááºá¡áŠážá áá¶áá¬ážá áááºážáá»á¬ážááᯠááŸááºáááºááá·áº áá±áá¬ááœáẠáá±á¬ááºááá¯ááºá á±áááºá
ááŒá±áá¯á¶ááŸáá·áº á á®áá¶ááááºážáááºáá®ážááŒááºáž â ááŒáá¯á·ááŒá á®áá¶ááááºážáá»á¬ážá¡ááœáẠáá¯á¶ááŒááºáááá·áº á¡áá»ááºá¡ááẠáá±ážáááºá
á¡áááºážá¡ááŒá áºááŸá¬ááœá±áá±áž â ááá¹áá¯á áá±áá¶á áá¬ááºááœá±á· á áááºá· áá¯ááºáááºážáá»á¬ážááœáẠá¡áá¯á¶ážááŒá¯áááºá
áááºáááºážáá»ááºá á®áá¶ááá·áºááœá²ááŸá¯ â ááŒá áºáá»á¬ážá áá áºáá±á¬áá»á¬ážá áááºážááŒá±áá»á¬ážáá²á·ááá¯á·áá±á¬ á¡áááºážá¡ááŒá áºáá»á¬ážááᯠááááºážááááºážáá±ážáááºá
á á®ážááœá¬ážáá±ážááœá¶á·ááŒáá¯ážááŸá¯ â á¡ááŒá±áá¶á¡áá±á¬ááºá¡áŠáž ááá¯ážáááºááŸá¯á¡ááœáẠá¡ááŒá±áá¶ááŒá áºáááºá
3. Real-Life Examples / á¡ááŸááºáááẠáá¯á¶ážáááºáá»ááºáá»á¬áž
English: In Myanmar, surveying is used for Yangon city expansion, hydropower projects, and highway construction.
Myanmar: ááŒááºáá¬ááá¯ááºáá¶ááœáẠSurveying ááᯠáááºáá¯ááºááŒáá¯á·áá»á²á·ááœááºáá±ážá áá±á¡ááºá¡á¬ážáá¯ááºáááºážáá»á¬ážá á¡ááŒááºáááºážáá»á¬ážáá±á¬ááºáá¯ááºáá±áž á ááá·áºáá±áá¬áá»á¬ážááœáẠá¡áá¯á¶ážááŒá¯áááºá
ð Summary / á¡áá»ááºážáá»á¯ááº
English: Surveying is important because it ensures accuracy, safety, and planning efficiency in every project.
Myanmar: Surveying ááẠáááá»ááŸááºáááºááŸá¯á áá¯á¶ááŒá¯á¶áá±ážááŸáá·áº á á®áá¶ááááºážáá»ááºááŒáá·áºááŸá¯ á¡ááœáẠá¡áá±ážááŒá®ážáááºá
ð¥ Suggested YouTube Link
ð Why Surveying is Important â YouTube
â FAQs (10 with Answers)
Q: Why is surveying important?
Eng: It provides accuracy for land, maps, and construction.
Myan: ááŒá±áá¬á ááŒá±áá¯á¶á áá±á¬ááºáá¯ááºáá±ážááá¯á·á¡ááœáẠáááá»ááŸááºáááºááŸá¯ áá±ážáááºáQ: How does surveying help in construction?
Eng: It ensures structures are built in the right place.
Myan: á¡áá±á¬ááºá¡áŠážáá»á¬ážááᯠááŸááºáááºááá·áº áá±áá¬ááœáẠáá±á¬ááºááá¯ááºá á±áááºáQ: How does surveying prevent land disputes?
Eng: By setting legal boundaries.
Myan: á¥ááá±á¡á áááºáá¯á¶áž áááºááŸááºááŒááºážááŒáá·áº á¡ááŒááºážááœá¬ážááŸá¯ áááŒá áºá á±ááẠáá¬ááœááºáá±ážáááºáQ: Is surveying useful in mining?
Eng: Yes, it guides exploration and extraction.
Myan: áá¯ááºáááºá ááá¹áá¯ááŸá¬ááœá±ááŸá¯ááŸáá·áº áá°ážáá±á¬áºááŸá¯ááᯠááœáŸááºááŒáá±ážáááºáQ: Does surveying support city planning?
Eng: Yes, it helps design roads, drainage, and utilities.
Myan: áá¯ááºáááºá áááºážáá»á¬ážá áá±áááºááŸá¬ážá áá áºáá»á¬ážá áááºáá±á¬ááºááŸá¯áá»á¬áž á á®áá¶áá¬ááœáẠáá°áá®áá±ážáááºáQ: What happens if surveying is ignored?
Eng: Projects may face errors, disputes, or collapse.
Myan: á¡ááŸá¬ážáá»á¬ážá á¡ááŒááºážááœá¬ážááŸá¯áá»á¬ážá áá±á¬ááºáá¯ááºááŸá¯áá»á¬áž áá»ááºáá»ááŸá¯ ááŒá áºááá¯ááºáááºáQ: Which professionals need surveying?
Eng: Engineers, architects, planners.
Myan: á¡ááºáá»ááºáá®áá¬áá»á¬ážá á¡áá±á¬ááºá¡áŠážáá®ááá¯ááºáá¬áá»á¬ážá á á®áá¶áá¯á¶á á¶áá±ážááá¬áá»á¬ážáQ: How does surveying help the environment?
Eng: By managing rivers, forests, and coasts.
Myan: ááŒá áºáá»á¬ážá áá áºáá±á¬áá»á¬ážá áááºážááŒá±áá»á¬áž á á®áá¶áá¬ááœáẠáá°áá®áá±ážáááºáQ: Is surveying important for infrastructure?
Eng: Yes, it is the foundation of roads, bridges, and cities.
Myan: áá¯ááºáááºá áááºážáá»á¬ážá áá¶áá¬ážáá»á¬ážá ááŒáá¯á·áá»á¬áž á¡ááŒá±áá¶ááŒá áºáááºáQ: Can drones improve surveying?
Eng: Yes, they allow faster and safer data collection.
Myan: áá¯ááºáááºá ááá¯ááºážáá»á¬ážááẠá¡áá»ááºá¡áááºáá»á¬ážááᯠááá¯ááá¯áá»ááºááŒááºá áœá¬á áá¯á¶ááŒá¯á¶á áœá¬ á á¯áá±á¬ááºážááá¯ááºá á±áááºá
The Scuba-Diver Course is divided into three main components, each with structured modules:
Slide 1 â Course Overview
ð Entry-level scuba certification for Myanmar
ð§âð« Combines theory, pool training, and open water dives
ð ïž Skills: Safety, buoyancy, navigation, equipment handling
â Structure: 5 Knowledge Modules + 5 Confined Water Modules + 4 Open Water Dives
1. Knowledge Development (5 Modules)
These are usually done through eLearning, classroom, or self-study, covering the theory behind diving:
Module 1: Introduction to diving, dive equipment basics, and principles of buoyancy
Module 2: Pressure, depth, equalization, and dive environment considerations
Module 3: Dive planning, air management, underwater communication, and safety procedures
Module 4: Dive tables, dive computers, and deeper dive knowledge
Module 5: Advanced planning, risk management, and overview of continuing education
2. Pool Water Dives (5 Modules)
Conducted in a swimming pool or confined water environment, each linked to the knowledge modules:
Skills include mask clearing, regulator recovery, buoyancy control, emergency ascent techniques, and underwater communication.
These are progressively built, starting from basic skills in Module 1 to full emergency and buoyancy mastery by Module 5.
3. Ocean Water Dives (4 Dives)
Dive 1 & 2: Practice fundamental skills in shallow open water.
Dive 3 & 4: More advanced skills (e.g., navigation, controlled emergency swimming ascent) and demonstration of mastery in real-world conditions.
â In short:
5 Knowledge Modules
5 Confined Water Modules
4 Open Water Dives
ð eLearning Course:Â
1. Course Outline (Modules)
Module 1 â Understanding Misuse
Definition and types (funds, assets, systems, authority, reporting)
Why misuse is a corporate governance issue
Module 2 â Early Recognition of Misuse Risks
Red flags and early warning signs
Role of Sales Manager, Treasury, and CFO in detection
Module 3 â Minimizing & Preventing Misuse
Policies, controls, segregation of duties, ethics training
Role of CSO, Risk Committee, Internal Audit
Module 4 â Recording, Escalation & Approval for Write-off
How to document misuse cases
Approval workflow: Sales Manager â CFO â Risk Committee â Board
Compliance with IFRS and local laws
Module 5 â Governance & Continuous Monitoring
Internal audit follow-up
Lessons learned & strengthening controls
Reporting to Board and Audit Committee
ð What is Land Surveying?
English:
Land surveying is the process of measuring, mapping, and determining the boundaries, shape, and position of land areas. It is mainly used to define property ownership, prepare land for construction, and support legal and engineering purposes.
Myanmar:
Land Surveying ááẠááŒá±áá¬á§áááá¬á áááºááááááºá áá¯á¶ááá¹áá¬ááºá áááºáá±áá¬áá»á¬ážááᯠááá¯ááºážáá¬á áááºááŸááºáá¯á¶áá±á¬áºááŒááºáž ááŒá áºáááºá ááá¯ááºááá¯ááºááŸá¯áááºáá¯á¶áž áááºááŸááºááŒááºážá áá±á¬ááºáá¯ááºáá±ážá¡ááœáẠááŒá±ááŒááºááŒááºáááºááŒááºážá á¥ááá±ááŸáá·áº á¡ááºáá»ááºáá®áá¬áá¯ááºáááºážáá»á¬ážááœáẠá¡áá±á¬ááºá¡áá°ááŒá¯ááẠá¡áá¯á¶ážááŒá¯áááºá
ð¯ Key Purposes / áááºááœááºáá»ááºáá»á¬áž
English:
To establish property boundaries
To prepare maps and legal documents
To support construction projects (houses, roads, bridges)
To divide land for sale or development
Myanmar:
ááá¯ááºááá¯ááºááŸá¯áááºáááááẠáááºááŸááºáááº
ááŒá±áá¯á¶áá»á¬ážá á¥ááá±á á¬áááºážáá»á¬áž ááŒááºáááºáááº
á¡áááºá áááºážá áá¶áá¬áž áá±á¬ááºáá¯ááºáá¬ááœáẠá¡áá±á¬ááºá¡áá¶á·áá±ážáááº
ááŒá±áá¬ááᯠá¡áá±á¬ááºážá á¡áá±á¬ááºá¡áŠážááœá¶á·ááŒáá¯ážáá±ážá¡ááœáẠááœá²áá±áááº
ð Instruments Used / á¡áá¯á¶ážááŒá¯áá±á¬ áááááá¬áá»á¬áž
Total Station (ááá¯ááºáááºá áá±ážááŸááºáž)
Theodolite (áá®á¡áá¯ááá¯ááá¯ááºáž)
GPS/GNSS (áá»á®áá®á¡ááºá áº/áá»á®á¡ááºá¡ááºá áºá¡ááºá áº)
Measuring Tape (ááá¯ááºážá¡ááá¯ááºážáá»á®)
Drone (ááá¯ááºáž)
ð Summary / á¡áá»ááºážáá»á¯ááº
English: Land surveying defines property limits, prevents disputes, and ensures safe and accurate land use.
Myanmar: Land Surveying ááẠááŒá±áá¬áááºáááááẠáááºááŸááºááŒááºážá á¡ááŒááºážááœá¬ážááŸá¯ áááŒá áºá á±ááẠáá¬ááœááºááŒááºážá ááŒá±áá¬ááᯠááŸááºáááºá áœá¬ á¡áá¯á¶ážáá»ááá¯ááºááẠá¡áá±ážááŒá®ážáááºá
Course Content:
The Cash Flow Statement explains how cash moves in and out of a company. Unlike the P&L (which includes non-cash items), the Cash Flow Statement shows actual liquidity â essential for assessing solvency.
IAS 7 requires three sections:
1.     Operating Activities â day-to-day cash generation (receipts from customers, payments to suppliers/employees).
o   Indirect Method: Start with Net Profit â adjust for non-cash items (depreciation, provisions) â adjust for changes in working capital (inventory, receivables, payables).
2.     Investing Activities â purchase/sale of PPE, investments, intangibles.
3.     Financing Activities â cash from issuing shares, borrowings, repayments, dividends paid.
Key IFRS points:
·        Non-cash transactions (e.g., acquiring machinery with a loan) are excluded from cash flows but disclosed in notes.
·        Interest/dividends may be classified as operating, investing, or financing (choice allowed, but consistency required).
·       Â
Cash equivalents = short-term, highly liquid investments (<3
months maturity).
2. FAQ
- Q:
What is the purpose of a Cash Flow Statement?
A: To show how cash is generated and used in operating, investing, and financing activities. - Q:
What are the three main sections of a cash flow statement?
A: Operating, Investing, and Financing activities. - Q:
What is the indirect method?
A: It starts with net profit, then adjusts for non-cash items (depreciation, provisions) and working capital changes to arrive at operating cash flows. - Q:
How are non-cash transactions presented?
A: Not included in cash flows, but disclosed in notes (e.g., acquiring assets via loan). - Q:
Where should dividends paid be classified?
A: Under Financing Activities (though interest/dividends received/paid may vary, consistency is key). - Q:
How do cash and cash equivalents differ?
A: Cash = cash on hand and bank balances; equivalents = short-term, highly liquid investments readily convertible to cash. - Q:
Why is cash flow more reliable than profit in liquidity analysis?
A: Because profit includes non-cash items, while cash flow shows actual liquidity available for obligations.
Module 1: Introduction to Digital Radiography
Learning Objectives/ áááºáá°áááºáááºááœááºáá»ááºáá»á¬áž
Understand the concept and evolution from film-screen to digital systems/ (Film-Screen) á áá áºá០áá®áá»á áºáááºá áá áºááá¯á· ááá·áºáá²ááŒá±á¬ááºážáá²áá¬áá¯á¶ááᯠáá¬ážáááºááŒááºáž)
Differentiate between CR and DR/ (Computed Radiography (CR) ááŸáá·áº Digital Radiography (DR) ááᯠááœá²ááŒá¬ážááááŒááºááá¯ááºááŒááºáž)
Content Outline
History and evolution of radiographic imaging/ áá¬ááºááŸááºáá¯á¶ááááºáá±á¬áºááŒááºážá áááá¯ááºážááŒá±á¬ááºážááŸáá·áº ááá·áºáá²ááœá¶á·ááŒáá¯ážááŸá¯
Overview of digital image formation/ áá®áá»á áºáááºáá¯á¶áááẠááœá²á·á ááºážáá±á¬áºáá±á¬ááºáá¯á¶ á¡áá»ááºážáá»á¯ááº
Comparison: Film-screen vs CR vs DR/ ááŸáá¯ááºážááŸááºáá»áẠâ Film-screen vs CR vs DR
Advantages and limitations of DR/ DR á á¡á¬ážáá¬áá»ááºáá»á¬ážááŸáá·áº ááá·áºáááºáá»ááºáá»á¬áž
Basic workflow in DR departments/ DR áá¬ááá»á¬ážáá²á· á¡ááŒá±áá¶áá¯ááºáááºážá ááº
Course Content:
Anti-Money Laundering (AML) refers to laws, policies, and procedures designed to prevent criminals from disguising illegal funds as legitimate. In Myanmar and globally, AML compliance is mandatory for financial institutions and companies dealing with significant financial transactions.
Stages of money laundering:
1.     Placement â introducing illegal money into the system (e.g., cash deposits).
2.     Layering â moving funds through multiple accounts/transactions to hide origin.
3.     Integration â reintroducing âcleanedâ money into the economy (e.g., buying real estate).
Key Elements of AML Compliance:
·        KYC (Know Your Customer): verifying customer identity, background, and source of funds.
·        Transaction Monitoring: detecting unusual patterns (e.g., structuring deposits just below thresholds, third-party payments).
·        Reporting: suspicious activity must be reported to AML officers/regulators.
·        Employee Responsibility: staff must stay vigilant and avoid facilitating money laundering.
Why AML matters:
·        Non-compliance can lead to heavy penalties, criminal charges, reputational loss, and even license revocation.
·       Â
Staff are the first line of defense: recognizing red flags and
reporting early can protect the company.
2. FAQ
- Q:
What is Money Laundering?
A: The process of concealing the origins of illegally obtained money by passing it through legitimate businesses or transactions. - Q:
What are the main stages of money laundering?
A: Placement, Layering, and Integration. - Q:
Why is AML compliance important for companies?
A: To prevent legal penalties, reputational damage, and support global efforts against crime and terrorism financing. - Q:
What is KYC (Know Your Customer)?
A: A process to verify customersâ identity, background, and source of funds. - Q:
What should employees do if they suspect a transaction?
A: Report immediately to the Compliance Officer or AML Department; never ignore or conceal suspicions. - Q:
Are staff personally liable for AML failures?
A: Yes. Employees can face disciplinary and legal consequences if they knowingly facilitate or ignore suspicious activities. - Q:
What are typical red flags for money laundering?
A: Structuring deposits, third-party payments, refusal to provide KYC, large cash deals, or unusual offshore transfers. - ááœá±ááŒá±ážááá«áá»ááŸá¯ ááá¯ááºáá»ááºáá±áž (AML) ááá¯áááºááŸá¬ ááŒá áºááŸá¯áá»á°ážááœááºáá°áá»á¬ážá¡á¬áž ááá¬ážááááºáááœá±áá»á¬ážááᯠááá¬ážáááºááœá±á¡ááŒá ẠááŸááºáá±á¬ááºááŒááºážá០áá¬ážáá®ážááẠáááºááœááºááá·áº á¥ááá±áá»á¬ážá áá°áá«ááá»á¬ážááŸáá·áº áá¯ááºáá¯á¶ážáá¯ááºáááºážáá»á¬ážááᯠáááºááœáŸááºážáááºá ááŒááºáá¬ááá¯ááºáá¶ááœááºáá¬áá ááá¹áá¬áá áºááŸááºážááœááºáááºáž AML á ááºážáá»ááºážá ááºážáááºážááá¯ááºáá¬ááŸá¯ááẠááœá±ááŒá±ážááá¯ááºáᬠá¡ááœá²á·á¡á ááºážáá»á¬ážááŸáá·áº ááŒá®ážáá¬ážáá±á¬ ááœá±ááŒá±ážááœáŸá²ááŒá±á¬ááºážááŸá¯áá»á¬ážááᯠáá±á¬ááºááœááºááá·áº áá¯áá¹ááá®áá»á¬ážá¡ááœáẠáááŒá áºááá±ááá¯ááºááºááẠááŒá áºáááºá
- ááœá±ááŒá±ážááá«áá»ááŸá¯á á¡ááá·áºáá»á¬áž-
- áá ááá·áºááœááºážááŒááºáž (Placement) â ááá¬ážááááºáá±á¬ ááœá±ááŒá±ážááᯠá áá áºáá²ááá¯á· ááááºáááºááŒááºáž (á¥ááá¬- ááœá±áá¬ážá¡ááºááŸá¶ááŸá¯áá»á¬áž)á
- áá á¡ááœáŸá¬ááœá²ááŒááºáž (Layering) â áá°áá¡áááºážá¡ááŒá áºááᯠáá¯á¶ážááœááºááẠááœá±ááŒá±ážááᯠá¡áá±á¬áá·áºá¡áá»áá¯ážáá»áá¯áž/ áá¯ááºáá±á¬ááºáá»ááºá¡áá»áá¯ážáá»áá¯ážááŸáá áºááá·áº ááœá±á·ááŒá±á¬ááºážááŒááºážá
- áá áá±á«ááºážá ááºážááŒááºáž (Integration) â "ááá·áºá ááºááœá¬ážáá±á¬" ááœá±ááŒá±ážááᯠá á®ážááœá¬ážáá±ážá áá áºáá²ááá¯á· ááŒááºáááºááááºáááºááŒááºáž (á¥ááá¬- á¡ááŒá±áá»á áááẠáááºáá°ááŒááºáž)á
- AML á ááºážáá»ááºážááá¯ááºáá¬ááŸá¯á á¡ááá á¡áá»ááºáá»á¬áž-
- · KYC (Know Your Customer - ááááá áá±á¬ááºááẠááᯠááááŸáááŒááºáž): áá±á¬ááºáááºá ááá¯ááºááá¯ááºá¡áá»ááºá¡áááºá áá±á¬ááºáá¶áááá¯ááºážááŸáá·áº ááœá±ááŒá±ážá á¡áááºážá¡ááŒá áºááᯠá áá á áºá¡áááºááŒá¯ááŒááºážá
- · ááœá±ááŒá±ážááœáŸá²ááŒá±á¬ááºážááŸá¯ á á±á¬áá·áºááŒáá·áºááŒááºáž: áá¯á¶ááŸááºááá¯ááºáá±á¬ á¡ááŒá¯á¡áá°áá»á¬áž (á¥ááá¬- áááºááŸááºá¡ááá·áºá¡áááºážá¡á±á¬ááºáááºážááŒá®áž á¡ááºááœá±áá»á¬ážááᯠááœá²ááŒááºážá áááºááŒá¬ááŒááºážá áááááá¯áá¹ááá¯ááºá០ááœá±áá±ážáá»á±ááŸá¯áá»á¬áž) ááᯠááŸá¬ááœá±áá±á¬áºáá¯ááºááŒááºážá
- · ááááºážááá¯á·áááºááŒááŒááºáž: áá¶ááᅵáŒá áºááœáẠá¡ááŒá¯á¡áá°áá»á¬ážááᯠAML á¡á±á¬áºááá±áá¬áá»á¬áž/ ááŒá®ážááŒááºáá±ážá¡ááœá²á·á¡á ááºážáá»á¬ážáá¶ ááááºážááá¯á·áááºááŒááááºá
- · áááºáááºážáá»á¬ážá áá¬áááºáá°ááŸá¯: áááºáááºážáá»á¬ážááẠááá¯ážááŒá¬ážáááºááŒáœá áœá¬áá±ááá¯ááºááŒá®áž ááœá±ááŒá±ážááá«áá»ááŸá¯ááᯠá¡áá±á¬ááºá¡áá°áááŒá¯ááẠááŸá±á¬ááºááŒááºááááºá
- AML á á¡áá±ážáá«ááŸá¯-
- · á ááºážáá»ááºážáááá¯ááºáá¬áá«á ááŒá®ážáá¬ážáá±á¬ áááºááŒá±ážáá»á¬ážá ááŒá áºááŸá¯ááá¯ááºáᬠááá¬ážá áœá²ááá¯ááŸá¯áá»á¬ážá áá¯ááºááááºážáá»áááºážááŸá¯ááŸáá·áº ááá¯ááºá ááºáá«ááŸááºážááŒááºážáá»á¬áž á¡ááááŒá áºááá¯ááºáááºá
- · áááºáááºážáá»á¬ážááẠáá¬ááœááºáá±ážá ááááá¯á¶ážáá±á¬ áá¶áááºáá»á¬ážááŒá áºáááº- ááááá±ážááááááºááá¹ááá¬áá»á¬ážááᯠááŸááºááááŒá®áž á¡áá»áááºáá®ááááºážááá¯á·ááŒááºážááẠáá¯áá¹ááá®ááᯠáá¬ááœááºáá±ážááá¯ááºáááºá
- áá±ážááœááºážááŸáá·áº á¡ááŒá±áá»á¬áž (FAQ)
- Q: ááœá±ááŒá±ážááá«áá»ááŸá¯ (Money Laundering) ááá¯áᬠáá¬áá²á
- A: ááá¬ážááááºáááŸááá¬ážáá±á¬ ááœá±ááŒá±ážá áá°áá¡áááºážá¡ááŒá áºááᯠáá¯á¶ážááœááºááẠááá¯ááœá±ááŒá±ážááᯠááá¬ážáááºá á®ážááœá¬ážáá±ážáá¯ááºáááºážáá»á¬áž ááá¯á·ááá¯áẠááœá±ááŒá±ážááœáŸá²ááŒá±á¬ááºážááŸá¯áá»á¬ážááŸáá áºááá·áº ááŒááºáááºážá á®ážáááºážá á±ááŒááºáž ááŒá áºá ááºááŒá áºáááºá
- Q: ááœá±ááŒá±ážááá«áá»ááŸá¯áá²á· á¡ááá á¡ááá·áºááœá±á áá¬ááœá±áá²á
- A: ááá·áºááœááºážááŒááºáž (Placement)á á¡ááœáŸá¬ááœá²ááŒááºáž (Layering) ááŸáá·áº áá±á«ááºážá ááºážááŒááºáž (Integration) ááá¯á· ááŒá áºááŒáááºá
- Q: áá¯áá¹ááá®áá»á¬ážá¡ááœáẠAML á ááºážáá»ááºážááá¯ááºáá¬ááŸá¯á áá¬ááŒá±á¬áá·áº á¡áá±ážááŒá®ážáá¬áá²á
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ðIntroduction to Leveling
ð English Version
What is Leveling?
Leveling is a branch of surveying that deals with the measurement and determination of the relative heights (elevations) of points on the Earthâs surface. It helps surveyors find the difference in elevation between two or more points.
Purpose of Leveling
To determine the height of points with respect to a reference line (usually Mean Sea Level).
To establish points at a given elevation for construction projects.
To create contour maps for planning roads, canals, and buildings.
Basic Terms in Leveling
Level Surface: A surface parallel to the Earthâs mean sea level.
Horizontal Line: A line tangent to the level surface.
Vertical Line: A line perpendicular to the horizontal line.
Datum: A reference surface (e.g., mean sea level).
Reduced Level (RL): The elevation of a point above or below the datum.
Instruments Used in Leveling
Dumpy Level
Automatic Level
Digital Level
Leveling Staff
ð Summary:
Leveling is essential in surveying to measure elevations accurately, ensuring proper design and construction of engineering projects.
ð Myanmar Version (ááŒááºáá¬áá¬áá¬)
Leveling ááá¯áááºááŸá¬?
Leveling ááẠSurveying á¡ááœááºáž ááŒá±áá»ááºááŸá¬ááŒááºáá±á«áºááŸá á¡ááŸááºáá»á¬ážá á¡áááá·áºá¡ááŒáá·áº (Elevation) ááᯠááá¯ááºážáᬠáááºááŸááºááŒááºáž ááŒá áºáááºá áááºážááᯠá¡ááŸááºáá»á¬ážá¡ááŒá¬áž á¡áááá·áºá¡ááŒáá·áº ááœá¬ááŒá¬ážáá»áẠ(Difference in elevation) ááœááºáá»ááºááẠá¡áá¯á¶ážááŒá¯áááºá
Leveling á áááºááœááºáá»ááºáá»á¬áž
á¡ááŸááºáá áºáá¯á á¡ááŒáá·áºááᯠReference Line (áá¯á¶ááŸááºáá±áá»ááºááŸá¬ááŒááº) á¡áá±á«áº ááá¯ááºážáá¬áááº
áá±á¬ááºáá¯ááºáá±ážá¡ááœáẠáááá»áá±á¬ á¡áááá·áºá¡ááŒáá·áº áááºááŸááºáááº
áááºážáá»á¬ážá áá»áá¯áá·áºáá»á¬ážá á¡áá±á¬ááºá¡áŠážáá»á¬áž á á®áá¶ááẠContour Map áá»á¬áž áááºáá®ážáááº
Leveling á á¡ááŒá±áá¶ á¡áá¯á¶ážá¡ááŸá¯ááºážáá»á¬áž
Level Surface: áá¯á¶ááŸááºáá±áá»ááºááŸá¬ááŒááºááŸáá·áº áá®áá»áŸáá±á¬áá»ááºááŸá¬ááŒááº
Horizontal Line: Level Surface ááŸáá·áº ááááœá±á·áá±á¬ ááá¯ááºááá¯ááºáá»ááºáž
Vertical Line: Horizontal Line ááŸáá·áº áááá»á áœá¬ áá»ááºážááŒááºáá±á¬áá»ááºáž
Datum: á¡ááœáŸááºáž á¡ááŒá±áá¶áá»ááºááŸá¬ááŒáẠ(á¥ááᬠâ áá¯á¶ááŸááºáá±áá»ááºááŸá¬ááŒááº)
Reduced Level (RL): á¡ááŸááºáá áºáá¯ááẠDatum á¡áá±á«áº ááá¯á·ááá¯áẠá¡á±á¬ááºá០ááá¯ááºážáá¬ááá·áº á¡ááŒáá·áº
á¡áá¯á¶ážááŒá¯ááá·áº Leveling áááááá¬áá»á¬áž
Dumpy Level
Automatic Level
Digital Level
Leveling Staff
ð á¡áá»ááºážáá»á¯ááº:
Leveling ááẠSurveying ááœáẠá¡áááá·áºá¡ááŒáá·áºááᯠáááá»á áœá¬ ááá¯ááºážáá¬ááẠá¡áá±ážááŒá®ážááŒá®áž áá±á¬ááºáá¯ááºáá±ážááŸáá·áº á¡ááºáá»ááºáá®áá¬áá¯ááºáááºážáá»á¬ážááᯠááŸááºáááºá áœá¬ á á®áá¶ááá¯ááºááẠá¡ááŒá±áá¶á¡áá±á¬ááºá¡á¡á¯á¶ ááŒá áºáááºá
Employee Contract áá»á¬áž ááá·áºááœááºáž ááŒá¯áá¯ááºáá¯á¶ ááᯠááŸááºážááŒáá¬ážááŒááºáž ááŒá áºáá«áááºá
ð E-Learning Module: Introduction to Land Surveying
1. Reading Material (Dual Language, A4 â 2 pages)
English Version
Introduction
Land surveying is the science and art of measuring and mapping the Earthâs surface. It involves determining the relative positions of natural and man-made features on land and presenting them in maps, plans, or digital models.
Objectives of Land Surveying
Establish boundaries of land ownership.
Create maps and plans for engineering and construction.
Assist in planning roads, bridges, and buildings.
Support geographic information systems (GIS).
Provide data for mining, agriculture, and environmental studies.
Basic Principles
Measurement of Distance â Using tapes, electronic devices, or GPS.
Measurement of Angles â Using theodolites and total stations.
Leveling â Determining height differences using levels.
Data Recording â Collecting and processing survey data.
Mapping â Converting measurements into maps and plans.
Types of Land Surveying
Plane Surveying: Assumes Earth is flat (used for small areas).
Geodetic Surveying: Considers Earthâs curvature (used for large areas).
Topographic Surveying: Shows natural/man-made features.
Cadastral Surveying: Establishes property boundaries.
Engineering Surveying: Supports construction projects.
Applications
Road and railway construction.
Building and infrastructure design.
Land division and property ownership.
Agriculture and irrigation planning.
Disaster management and urban planning.
Myanmar Version (ááŒááºáá¬áá¬áá¬)
áááá«ááºáž
ááŒá±ááá¯ááºážáá¬ááŒááºáž (Land Surveying) ááẠááŒá±áá»ááºááŸá¬ááŒááºááᯠááá¯ááºážáá¬ááŒááºážááŸáá·áº ááŒá±áá¯á¶ááœá²ááŒááºážááá¯ááºáᬠáááá¹áá¶ááŸáá·áº á¡áá¯ááá¬ááŒá áºáááºá ááá¬áá¡áá¬áá»á¬ážááŸáá·áº áá°áááºáá®ážáá¬ážáá±á¬ á¡áá¬áá»á¬ážá áááºáá±áá¬ááá¯ááºáᬠáááºááœááºááŸá¯ááᯠáááºááŸááºááŒá®áž ááŒá±áá¯á¶á á á®áá¶ááá·áºááœá²ááŸá¯á¡á á®á¡á ááºáá»á¬áž ááá¯á·ááá¯áẠáá áºáá»á áºáááºáá±á¬áºáááºáá»á¬áž á¡ááŒá Ạáá±á¬áºááŒáá±ážáááºá
ááŒá±ááá¯ááºážáá¬áááá·áº áááºááœááºáá»ááºáá»á¬áž
ááŒá±á§áááá¬á¡ááá¯ááºá¡ááá¯áẠáááºáááááẠáááºááŸááºáááºá
á ááºááŸá¯ááŸáá·áº áá±á¬ááºáá¯ááºáá±ážá¡ááœáẠááŒá±áá¯á¶áá»á¬ážááœá²áááºá
áááºážáá»á¬ážá áá¶áá¬ážáá»á¬ážá á¡áá±á¬ááºá¡áŠážáá»á¬áž á á®áá¶ááẠá¡áá±á¬ááºá¡áá°ááŒá¯áááºá
GIS á áá áºá¡ááœáẠá¡áá»ááºá¡áááºáá±á¬ááºáá¶á·áááºá
á áá¯ááºáá»áá¯ážáá±ážá ááá¶áá¬áááŸáá·áº áááºáááºážáá»ááºáá¯áá±ááá¡ááœáẠá¡áá¯á¶ážááŒá¯áááºá
á¡ááŒá±áá¶áá°áá»á¬áž
á¡ááœá¬á¡áá±ážááá¯ááºážáá¬ááŒááºáž â Tape, Electronic Devices, GPS á áááºááá¯á· á¡áá¯á¶ážááŒá¯áááºá
áá±á¬áá·áºááá¯ááºážáá¬ááŒááºáž â Theodolite ááŸáá·áº Total Station á¡áá¯á¶ážááŒá¯áááºá
Leveling (á¡ááŒáá·áºááŒá¬ážáá¬ážááŸá¯ ááá¯ááºážáá¬ááŒááºáž) â Level á ááºáá»á¬ážá¡áá¯á¶ážááŒá¯áááºá
Data ááŸááºáááºážáááºááŒááºáž â Survey á¡áá»ááºá¡ááẠá á¯áá±á¬ááºážááŒá®áž áá¯á¶ážáááºááŒááºážá
Mapping â ááá¯ááºážáá¬áá»ááºáá»á¬ážááᯠááŒá±áá¯á¶á¡ááŒá ẠááŒá±á¬ááºážáá²ááŒááºážá
ááŒá±ááá¯ááºážáá¬ááŒááºážá¡áá»áá¯ážá¡á á¬ážáá»á¬áž
Plane Surveying: ááŒá±ááŒá®ážááᯠááá¯ááºááá¯ááºá¡ááŒá¬ážá¡ááŒá ẠáááºááŸááºá á¡áá¯á¶ážááŒá¯áááºá
Geodetic Surveying: ááŒá±ááŒá®ážá á¡ááá¯ážá¡áá áºááᯠááá·áºááœááºážá ááºážá á¬ážááŒá®áž á¡áá¯á¶ážááŒá¯áááºá
Topographic Surveying: ááá¬áááŸáá·áº áá°áááºáá®ážáá¬ážááá·áº á¡áá¬áá»á¬ážááᯠáá±á¬áºááŒáááºá
Cadastral Surveying: á¡ááá¯ááºá¡ááá¯ááºáááºáááááẠáááºááŸááºáááºá
Engineering Surveying: áá±á¬ááºáá¯ááºáá±ážáá¯ááºáááºážáá»á¬ážá¡ááœáẠá¡áá¯á¶ážááŒá¯áááºá
á¡áá¯á¶ážáá»ááá¯ááºááá·áº áááºáááºáá»á¬áž
áááºážáááºážáááºááœááºáá±áž á¡á á®á¡á ááºáá»á¬ážá
á¡áá±á¬ááºá¡áŠáž áá®ááá¯ááºážááŸáá·áº áá±á¬ááºáá¯ááºáá±ážá
ááŒá±á§áááá¬ááœá²ááŒá¬ážááá¯ááºááá¯ááºááŸá¯á
á áá¯ááºáá»áá¯ážáá±ážááŸáá·áº áá±áá±á¬ááºážá á®áá¶ááá·áºááœá²ááŸá¯á
á á®ážááœá¬ážáá±ážááŸáá·áº ááŒáá¯á·ááŒá á®áá¶ááá·áºááœá²ááŸá¯á
2. Suggested YouTube Link
ð Introduction to Land Surveying
3. FAQs (10 with Dual Language)
What is land surveying?
â Measuring and mapping land features.
â ááŒá±ááá¯ááºážáá¬ááŒááºážááẠááŒá±áá»ááºááŸá¬ááŒááºááᯠááá¯ááºážáá¬ááŒá®áž ááŒá±áá¯á¶ááœá²ááŒááºáž ááŒá áºáááºáWhy is surveying important?
â To define land boundaries and support construction.
â ááŒá±áááºáááááẠáááºááŸááºááŒááºážááŸáá·áº áá±á¬ááºáá¯ááºáá±ážá¡ááœáẠá¡áá±ážááŒá®ážáááºáWhich instruments are commonly used?
â Total station, theodolite, GPS, level.
â Total Station, Theodolite, GPS, Level á áááºááá¯á· á¡áá¯á¶ážááŒá¯áááºáWhat is leveling?
â Finding height differences.
â ááŒá±áá»ááºááŸá¬ááŒáẠá¡ááŒáá·áºááŒá¬ážáá¬ážááŸá¯áá»á¬ážááᯠááá¯ááºážáá¬ááŒááºáž ááŒá áºáááºáWhat is cadastral surveying?
â Boundary and land ownership survey.
â ááŒá±á§áááá¬áááºáááááẠááŸáá·áº ááá¯ááºááá¯ááºááŸá¯ ááá¯ááºážáá¬ááŒááºáž ááŒá áºáááºáWhat is topographic survey?
â Showing natural and artificial features.
â ááá¬áááŸáá·áº áá°áááºáá®ážáá¬ážááá·áº á¡áá¬áá»á¬ážááᯠááŒáááá·áº ááá¯ááºážáá¬ááŸá¯áWhat is plane surveying?
â Survey assuming Earth is flat.
â ááŒá±ááŒá®ážááᯠááá¯ááºááá¯áẠá¡ááŒá¬ážá¡ááŒá ẠáááºááŸááºááŒá®áž á ááºážáááºááŒááºážáWhat is geodetic surveying?
â Survey considering Earthâs curvature.
â ááŒá±ááŒá®ážá á¡ááá¯ážá¡áá áºááᯠááá·áºááœááºážá ááºážá á¬ážáá±á¬ ááá¯ááºážáá¬ááŒááºážáWhere is surveying applied?
â Construction, agriculture, mining, planning.
â áá±á¬ááºáá¯ááºáá±ážá á áá¯ááºáá»áá¯ážáá±ážá ááá¶áá¬áá á á®áá¶ááááºážááá¯ááºáá¬ááœáẠá¡áá¯á¶ážááŒá¯áááºáWhich standards are used in surveying?
â ISO, ASTM, local survey codes.
â ISO, ASTM ááŸáá·áº ááá¯ááºáá¶ááœááºáž á á¶áááºááŸááºáá»ááºáá»á¬áž á¡áá¯á¶ážááŒá¯áááºá
ð Survey Instrument Product Knowledge
1. Reading Material (Dual Language â A4 size, 2 Pages)
English Version
Introduction
Survey instruments are specialized tools used to measure distances, angles, elevations, and positions of points on Earth. They are essential for land surveying, engineering projects, construction, mapping, and navigation. Understanding product knowledge of survey instruments helps surveyors choose the right equipment for accurate and efficient work.
Types of Survey Instruments & Their Uses
Measuring Tape
â For short-distance measurement (5â50 m).
â Simple and portable.Level (Dumpy Level / Auto Level / Digital Level)
â Used for leveling and determining height differences.
â Common in construction and roadwork.Theodolite
â Measures horizontal and vertical angles precisely.
â Used for triangulation surveys.Total Station
â Combines electronic theodolite and EDM (Electronic Distance Measurement).
â Stores data digitally.
â Used for topographic, cadastral, and engineering surveys.GPS / GNSS Receiver
â Uses satellites to determine positions.
â High accuracy (centimeter to meter level).Laser Scanner
â Creates 3D models of terrain and structures.
â Used in mapping and monitoring.Drone (UAV) Survey Equipment
â Captures aerial images for mapping.
â Useful for large or inaccessible areas.
Applications
Land and boundary surveys.
Road and bridge construction.
Building and urban planning.
Mining and agriculture.
GIS and digital mapping.
Myanmar Version (ááŒááºáá¬áá¬áá¬)
áááá«ááºáž
Survey Instrument áá»á¬ážááẠá¡ááœá¬á¡áá±ážá áá±á¬áá·áºá á¡ááŒáá·áºááŸáá·áº áááºáá±áá¬áá»á¬ážááᯠáááá»á áœá¬ ááá¯ááºážáá¬ááẠá¡áá¯á¶ážááŒá¯áá±á¬ á¡áá°ážáááááá¬áá»á¬ážááŒá áºáááºá áááºážááá¯á·ááᯠááŒá±ááá¯ááºážáá¬á á ááºááŸá¯á¡ááºáá»ááºáá®áá¬áá¯ááºáááºážáá»á¬ážá áá±á¬ááºáá¯ááºáá±ážá ááŒá±áá¯á¶ááœá²ááŒááºážááŸáá·áº áááºážááŒá±á¬ááºážááœáŸááºááŒááºážááœáẠá¡ááá á¡áá¯á¶ážááŒá¯áááºá Survey Instrument áá»á¬ážá¡ááŒá±á¬ááºáž áá¬ážáááºááŒááºážááẠSurveyor áá»á¬ážá¡ááœáẠáááááá¬ááᯠáááá»á áááá±á¬ááºá áœá¬ á¡áá¯á¶ážááŒá¯ááá¯ááºá á±ááẠá¡áá±ážááŒá®ážáááºá
Survey Instrument áá»á¬ážááŸáá·áº á¡áá¯á¶ážáá»á¬áž
Measuring Tape (ááá¯ááºážáááááá¬ááŒáá¯áž)
â á¡áááºážá¡ááœá¬á¡áá±áž (á âá á áá®áá¬) ááá¯ááºážáá¬áááºá
â ááœááºáá°á áœá¬ áááºáá±á¬ááºááá¯ááºáááºáLevel (Dumpy Level / Auto Level / Digital Level)
â á¡ááŒáá·áºááŒá¬ážáá¬ážááŸá¯ ááá¯ááºážáá¬ááẠá¡áá¯á¶ážááŒá¯áááºá
â áá±á¬ááºáá¯ááºáá±ážá áááºážáá¶áá¬ážáá¯ááºáááºážáá»á¬ážááœáẠá¡áá¯á¶ážáá»á¬ážáááºáTheodolite
â á¡áá»á¬ážááá¯ááºááŸáá·áº áá±á«ááºááá¯áẠáá±á¬áá·áºáá»á¬áž áááá»á áœá¬ ááá¯ááºážáá¬áááºá
â Triangulation Survey ááœáẠá¡áá¯á¶ážááŒá¯áááºáTotal Station
â Theodolite ááŸáá·áº EDM (Electronic Distance Measurement) ááᯠáá±á«ááºážá ááºáá¬ážáááºá
â á¡áá»ááºá¡áááºáá»á¬ážááᯠDigital á¡áá±ááŸáá·áº ááááºážáááºážááá¯ááºáááºá
â Topographic, Cadastral, Engineering Survey ááœáẠá¡áá¯á¶ážááŒá¯áááºáGPS / GNSS Receiver
â ááŒáá¯ááºáá¯áá»á¬ážá០áááºáá±áᬠááá·áºááŸááºážááẠá¡áá¯á¶ážááŒá¯áááºá
â á ááºááŸá¯á¡áá¯á¶ážá¡áá»á¬ážá¡ááœáẠá ááºáá®áá®áá¬á¡áá áááá»áááºáLaser Scanner
â ááŒá±ááŒááºááŸáá·áº á¡áá±á¬ááºá¡áŠážáá»á¬ážá 3D áá±á¬áºáááºáá»á¬áž áááºáá®ážáááºá
â ááŒá±áá¯á¶ááœá²ááŒááºážááŸáá·áº á¡ááŒá±á¡áá±ááááºážááááºážááŒááºážááœáẠá¡áá¯á¶ážááŒá¯áááºáDrone (UAV) Survey Equipment
â áá±áá¬ááºáá²á·áááºááá¬ááŒáá·áº áá¬ááºáá¯á¶ááá¯ááºááŒá®áž ááŒá±áá¯á¶ááŒá¯áá¯ááºáááºá
â ááááºááá¯ááºáá±á¬ ááá¬ááá±áá¬áá»á¬ážááœáẠá¡áá¯á¶ážááŒá¯ááẠááá·áºáá»á±á¬áºáááºá
á¡áá¯á¶ážáá»ááá¯ááºááá·áº áááºáááºáá»á¬áž
ááŒá±á§áááá¬áááºáááááẠááá¯ááºážáá¬ááŒááºážá
áááºážááŸáá·áº áá¶áá¬ážáá±á¬ááºáá¯ááºáá±ážá
á¡áá±á¬ááºá¡áŠáž áá®ááá¯ááºážááŸáá·áº ááŒáá¯á·ááŒá á®áá¶ááá·áºááœá²ááŸá¯á
ááá¶áá¬áá á áá¯ááºáá»áá¯ážáá±ážá
GIS ááŸáá·áº áá áºáá»á áºáááºááŒá±áá¯á¶ááœá²ááŒááºážá
ð E-Learning Module: Survey Instrument Product Knowledge
1. Reading Material (Dual Language â A4, 2 Pages)
(Already provided in last reply â Iâll keep it as Page 1 & 2 content with English + Myanmar side by side.)
2. Suggested YouTube Link
ð Surveying Instruments Introduction
3. FAQs (10 with Dual Language)
What is a survey instrument?
â A tool used to measure distance, angles, and elevations.
â Survey Instrument ááẠá¡ááœá¬á¡áá±ážá áá±á¬áá·áºááŸáá·áº á¡ááŒáá·áºáá»á¬ážááᯠááá¯ááºážáá¬ááẠá¡áá¯á¶ážááŒá¯áá±á¬ áááááá¬ááŒá áºáááºáWhy are survey instruments important?
â For accurate land measurement and construction planning.
â ááŒá±ááá¯ááºážáá¬ááŒááºážááŸáá·áº áá±á¬ááºáá¯ááºáá±áž á á®áá¶ááááºážáá»á¬ážááᯠáááá»á áœá¬ áá±á¬ááºááœááºááẠá¡áá±ážááŒá®ážáááºáWhich instrument is used for measuring short distances?
â Measuring tape.
â ááá¯ááºážáááááá¬ááŒáá¯ážááᯠá¡áá¯á¶ážááŒá¯áááºáWhat is a level used for?
â To measure height differences (leveling).
â á¡ááŒáá·áºááŒá¬ážáá¬ážááŸá¯ ááá¯ááºážáá¬ááẠá¡áá¯á¶ážááŒá¯áááºáWhat is a theodolite?
â An instrument for measuring horizontal and vertical angles.
â á¡áá»á¬ážááá¯ááºááŸáá·áº áá±á«ááºááá¯áẠáá±á¬áá·áºáá»á¬áž ááá¯ááºážáá¬ááẠá¡áá¯á¶ážááŒá¯ááá·áº áááááá¬ááŒá áºáááºáWhat is a total station?
â A device combining theodolite and EDM for precise surveys.
â Theodolite ááŸáá·áº EDM áá±á«ááºážá ááºáá¬ážááá·áº á¡ááœááºáááá»áá±á¬ Survey áááááá¬ááŒá áºáááºáWhat does GPS/GNSS provide?
â Accurate geographic positions using satellites.
â ááŒáá¯ááºáá¯áá»á¬ážá០áááá»áá±á¬ áááºáá±áá¬ááᯠáááºááŸááºáá±ážáááºáWhere is laser scanning used?
â For 3D mapping and monitoring of terrain/buildings.
â ááŒá±ááŒááºááŸáá·áº á¡áá±á¬ááºá¡áŠážáá»á¬ážááᯠ3D ááŒá±áá¯á¶ááœá²ááẠá¡áá¯á¶ážááŒá¯áááºáWhy are drones used in surveying?
â For aerial mapping of large or hard-to-reach areas.
â ááŒá®ážáá¬ážáá±á¬ áá±áá¬áá»á¬áž ááá¯á·ááá¯áẠááááºááá¯ááºáá±á¬ áá±áá¬áá»á¬ážááᯠáá±áááºááŒáá·áºááá± ááŒá±áá¯á¶ááœá²ááẠá¡áá¯á¶ážááŒá¯áááºáWhich industries use survey instruments?
â Construction, mining, agriculture, and GIS mapping.
â áá±á¬ááºáá¯ááºáá±ážá ááá¶áá¬áá á áá¯ááºáá»áá¯ážáá±ážááŸáá·áº GIS ááŒá±áá¯á¶ááœá²ááŒááºážááœáẠá¡áá¯á¶ážááŒá¯áááºá
1. Patient Monitoring (Introduction)
What is Patient Monitoring?
Continuous or periodic measurement of vital physiological parameters to assess a patient's condition.
Key Devices:
Vital Sign Monitors (BP, SpOâ, Temp, Resp Rate)
ECG Machines (Heart Electrical Activity)
Advanced Monitors (CVP, IBP, EtCOâ)
Why is it Important for Sales?
High-demand equipment in ICUs, ORs, and general wards.
Understanding anatomy, physiology, and clinical applications helps in consultative selling.
Competitive edge in explaining features, accuracy, and integration capabilities.
2. Aim of This Training
â Â Understand heart, lung, and vascular anatomy & physiology.
â  Learn key monitoring parameters (ECG, SpOâ, NIBP, IBP, CVP).
â  Master advanced monitoring (CVP, IBP â when and why theyâre used).
â  Differentiate products (bedside vs. portable, wired vs. wireless).
â  Handle objections (cost, ease of use, maintenance).
3. Course Outline
Module 1: Anatomy & Physiology Basics
â Heart (Chambers, Conduction System, ECG Basics)
â Lungs (Oxygenation, Ventilation, SpOâ Principle)
â Vascular System (Arterial vs. Venous Pressure)
Module 2: Monitoring Parameters & Devices
â Basic Vital Signs (HR, BP, SpOâ, Temp, RR)
â ECG Monitoring (Leads, Arrhythmia Detection)
â Invasive Monitoring (IBP, CVP)
â Capnography (EtCOâ for Ventilation Status)
Module 3: Advanced Monitoring Techniques
â Arterial Line (IBP) Monitoring â For critical BP tracking
â Central Venous Pressure (CVP) â Fluid status assessment
â Multi-Parameter Displays (Trends, Alarms, Data Export)
Module 4: Sales Strategies
â Consultative Selling â Ask: "Do you need OR-grade or general ward monitors?"
â Competitor Comparison (Philips vs. GE vs. Your Brand)
â Handling Objections â "Why is your monitor more expensive?"
4. Content Breakdown
Key Topics to Cover:
ð ECG Basics (P-QRS-T Waves, STEMI Detection)
ð SpOâ Principles (Pulse Oximetry, Limitations)
ð NIBP vs. IBP (When to use invasive monitoring?)
ð CVP Waveforms (Normal Range: 2-8 mmHg)
ð Alarm Management (Avoiding alarm fatigue)
Competitor Comparison Table
| Feature | Your Brand | Philips | GE |
|---|---|---|---|
| Wireless Monitoring | Yes | No | Yes |
| ECG Arrhythmia Detection | 12-Lead | 5-Lead | 6-Lead |
| CVP Measurement | Digital | Analog | Digital |
5. FAQs (Frequently Asked Questions)
Q1: Why is your monitor better than manual vital checks?
â "Our monitors provide continuous, real-time data with alarms for critical changes."
Q2: Can it integrate with hospital EMR systems?
â *"Yes, HL7/DICOM compatibility ensures seamless data transfer."*
Q3: How accurate is the SpOâ in dark-skinned patients?
â "Our Masimo-equivalent sensors reduce perfusion-related errors."
Q4: Whatâs the difference between NIBP and IBP?
â "NIBP is non-invasive but intermittent; IBP is continuous and more precise for critical cases."
Q5: Is training provided?
â *"We offer free onsite training and 24/7 tech support."*
6. MCQs (20 Questions â Not Covered in FAQs)
Which heart chamber pumps oxygenated blood to the body?
a) Right Atrium
b)Â Left Ventricle
c) Pulmonary Artery
d) Vena CavaNormal CVP range is:
a) 20-30 mmHg
b)Â 2-8 mmHg
c) 100-120 mmHg
d) NoneTrue or False: IBP is less accurate than NIBP.
â False (IBP is gold standard for BP monitoring)EtCOâ measures:
a) Blood glucose
b)Â End-tidal COâ
c) Cerebral perfusion
d) Cardiac output
(Continue with 16 more questions on ECG leads, SpOâ limitations, CVP waveforms, etc.)
7. Recommended YouTube Tutorials
ðºÂ ECG Interpretation â Rapid Interpretation of EKGs
ðºÂ IBP Setup â ICU Advantage
ðºÂ CVP Monitoring â [Your Brandâs Training Video]
Final Exercise: Role-Playing
"A nurse says your monitor is too complex. How do you respond?"
"A hospital prefers Philips. How do you counter?"
This eLearning module ensures your sales team understands patient monitoring and sells devices confidently.
Personal Income Tax (PIT)Â in Myanmar.
This module is designed for employees, self-employed individuals, business owners, accountants, and HR professionals in Myanmar.Course Outline: Personal Income Tax (PIT) in Myanmar
Module 1: Introduction to PIT and Key Concepts
Who is a taxpayer? (Resident vs. Non-Resident for Individuals).
The concept of Source of Income.
Key governing law: The Union Tax Law 2023.
Understanding the Financial Year (October 1st to September 30th).
Module 2: Types of Chargeable Income
Employment Income (Salary, Allowances, Benefits-in-Kind).
Income from Business, Profession, or Vocation.
Property Income (Rental Income).
Other Income (Interest, Royalties, Lottery winnings, etc.).
Module 3: Calculation of Assessable Income
Gross Income from all sources.
Allowable Deductions and Reliefs (Sections 8 & 9).
Specific deductions for employment income.
Calculation of Taxable Income: Gross Income - Allowable Deductions & Reliefs.
Module 4: Tax Computation and Rates
Understanding the Progressive Tax Slab Rates (0% to 25%).
Step-by-step calculation of tax payable.
Tax credits (e.g., Foreign Tax Credit).
Module 5: Compliance and Administration
Role of the Withholding Agent (Employer).
Understanding the End-of-Year Tax Reconciliation Process.
Filing the Personal Income Tax Return (Form P-5).
Deadlines and penalties for non-compliance.
Module 6: Special Topics
Taxation of Expatriates.
Benefits-in-Kind (BIK) and their valuation.
Tax obligations for self-employed individuals and partnerships.
ð á¡áœááºááá¯ááºážáááºáááºáž â ááŒááºáá¬ááá¯ááºáá¶ áá±ážáááºáá°á¥ááá±
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áááºáááºážá á¬á¡áá»ááºážáá»á¯ááº
Module 1 â áá±ážáááºáá°á¥ááá± á¡áá»ááºážáá»á¯ááº
- áá±ážáááºáá°ááŸáá·áº áá±ážáááºáá°á¥ááá± á¡ááá á¡áááá¹áá¬ááº
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Module 2 â áá±ážáááºáá°á á¡ááœáá·áºá¡áá±ážáá»á¬áž
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- á¡ááŒááºá¡ááŸááºá¡áá»áá¯ážáááºááœáá·áº (ááŒááºáá±ážá á¡á á¬ážááá¯ážáá±ážá á¡áá°ááœá²ááŒá±ááŸááºáž)
Module 3 â á á®ážááœá¬ážáá±ážáá¯ááºáááºážáá»á¬ážá áá¬áááºáá»á¬áž
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Youâre right â thank you for catching that ð.
Hereâs a Course Outline for the Intraocular Lens (IOL) eLearning that ties together the FAQs, MCQs, and learning materials into a structured program.
ð Course Outline â Intraocular Lens (IOL) eLearning
Module 1 â Introduction to IOLs
Definition of intraocular lens
History & development of IOL technology
Anatomy of the eye relevant to IOLs (lens, capsule, cornea)
Indications for IOL implantation (cataract, refractive lens exchange)
Module 2 â Types of IOLs
Monofocal IOLs
Multifocal IOLs
Toric IOLs (astigmatism correction)
Extended Depth of Focus (EDOF) IOLs
Accommodating IOLs
Premium vs. standard IOLs
Module 3 â IOL Materials & Designs
Acrylic vs. silicone vs. PMMA
Hydrophobic vs. hydrophilic acrylic
Foldable vs. rigid lenses
Haptic design (stability inside the eye)
Aspheric & blue-light filtering optics
Module 4 â Preoperative Considerations
Biometry: axial length, keratometry, anterior chamber depth
IOL power calculation formulas (SRK-T, Holladay, Barrett)
Patient selection for different IOL types
Contraindications (e.g., macular disease for multifocal IOLs)
Module 5 â Surgical Technique & Placement
Phacoemulsification & small-incision cataract surgery
IOL insertion methods (foldable injector, rigid PMMA)
Standard placement in the capsular bag
Alternative placements (sulcus, anterior chamber, scleral fixation)
Module 6 â Postoperative Outcomes & Complications
Expected visual outcomes
Posterior Capsule Opacification (PCO) and YAG laser treatment
Lens dislocation and subluxation
Cystoid macular edema (CME)
Glare, halos, residual refractive error
Module 7 â Advanced & Specialty IOLs
Toric IOL customization for astigmatism
EDOF lenses and pseudoaccommodation
Accommodating lens mechanisms
Multifocal optics & patient satisfaction issues
Pediatric and congenital cataract IOLs
Module 8 â Practical Learning & Case Studies
Videos (4 real cases):
â IOL surgery demonstration
â Types of IOLs explained
â Biometry & power calculation
â YAG capsulotomy for PCOCase study discussions (simple cataract vs. complex cases)
Module 9 â Assessment & Review
20 FAQs (EN + MM) â for quick reference & revision
30 MCQs â for knowledge testing
Scenario-based Q&A for critical thinking
Practical review: identifying IOL types by features
Module 10 â Certification & Next Steps
Review of learning outcomes
Certification of Completion (by MDC Training Unit)
Options for advanced ophthalmic training (phaco surgery, premium IOL fitting)
â Delivery Format:
Reading handouts (A4)
Videos (surgical & educational)
FAQs & MCQs (bilingual EN/MM)
Case studies & scenarios
Certification of completion
Great suggestion. I've now updated the Risk Committee eLearning Course Outline for Concordia Public Co., Ltd. to include an important new module focused on learning from past incidents and using historical risk data to inform better decisions.
ð¥ Updated Course Title:
Strategic Risk Oversight for Public Companies: Role of the Risk Committee
Total Modules: 9
Delivery Format: eLearning or Workshop Series
Audience: Risk Committee, Internal Audit, Compliance, CFO, Department Risk Champions
ð© Module 1: Introduction to Risk Governance
Risk Committeeâs mandate under IFRS, Myanmar Companies Law, SECM
Relationship with the Board, Audit Committee, Internal Controls
What is ERM (Enterprise Risk Management)?
ð© Module 2: Types of Risks for Concordia
Strategic, Operational, Financial, Regulatory, Reputational, ESG
Department-level risk examples (Sales, Service, Tender, Finance)
ð© Module 3: Roles & Responsibilities of the Risk Committee
Risk appetite and tolerance
Code Red escalation and whistleblowing protocol
Risk oversight in strategic decisions
ð© Module 4: Historical Data & Learning from the Past â
Why reviewing past incidents is critical
Case studies from Concordia (e.g., inventory loss, delayed tenders, compliance issues)
Risk trend analysis over the past 5 years
Creating a risk incident log database
Embedding lessons learned into new SOPs and KPIs
ð© Module 5: Risk Identification & Assessment Tools
Heatmaps, PESTEL, SWOT, Bowtie risk diagrams
Risk Register Template & Impact/Probability scoring
Department Risk Profiling templates
ð© Module 6: Risk Monitoring & Reporting
Dashboard KPIs and reporting to the Board
Internal audit collaboration and verification
Monthly vs. quarterly review formats
ð© Module 7: Code Red & Crisis Management
Examples: theft, fraud, PR damage, potential litigation
2-level up reporting rule
Evidence preservation and rapid response
ð© Module 8: Risk in Strategic Projects & Tenders
Clinic/dialysis expansion, new product launches, MOH tenders
Regulatory delay risks, vendor default, reputational exposures
ð© Module 9: Building Risk Culture
Risk Champions in each department
Awareness sessions and onboarding
Linking risk to performance and strategic objectives
Would you like the PDF handout, PowerPoint deck, or interactive quiz to go along with this updated course?
Also, I can help you build:
A sample historical incident log sheet
A risk trend dashboard (Excel or Power BI)
Or a Code Red reporting SOP template
Just let me know.
ð Course Title / áááºáááºážáá±á«ááºážá ááº
Digital Twins of Heritage Buildings using 3D Laser Scanners
3D Laser Scanner ááŒáá·áº Heritage á¡áá±á¬ááºá¡á¡á¯á¶áá»á¬ážá Digital Twins áááºáá®ážááŒááºáž
ð Module 1: What is a Digital Twin? / Digital Twins ááá¯áá¬áá¬áá²á
Definition and origin of digital twins
Digital Twins ááá¯áá¬á á¡áááá¹áá«ááºááŸáá·áº áá°áá¡á ááŒá¯ááŒááºážDifference between physical and digital objects
áá¯ááºááá¯ááºážá¡áá¬áá»á¬ážááŸáá·áº áá áºáá»á áºáááºá¡áá¬áá»á¬ážááŒá¬áž ááœá¬ááŒá¬ážáá»ááºUse cases in manufacturing, smart cities, and heritage preservation
á ááºááŸá¯áá¯ááºáááºážá Smart City ááŸáá·áº Heritage ááááºážááááºážáá±ážá¡ááœáẠá¡áá¯á¶ážááŒá¯ááŸá¯áá»á¬áž
ð Module 2: Understanding 3D Laser Scanners / 3D Laser Scanner áááºážááá¬áá¬ážáááºááŒááºáž
Types of scanners: LiDAR, Time-of-Flight, Phase-based
Scanner á¡áá»áá¯ážá¡á á¬ážáá»á¬áž â LiDAR, ToF, Phase-basedWhat is point cloud data and how is it captured?
Point Cloud Data ááá¯áá¬áá¬áá²á áááºááá¯ááá°áááºáá²áComparison: Photogrammetry vs Laser Scanning
áá¯á¶ááááºááá¯ááºážáá¬áááºážááŸáá·áº Laser Scanner ááá¯á·á ááá°áá®áá»ááº
ð Module 3: Digital Twin Workflow / Digital Twins áááºáá®ážááŸá¯áá¯ááºáááºážá ááº
Steps: Site Survey â Scan â Align â Mesh â BIM
áá¯ááºáááºážá áẠâ áááºáá±áá¬ááŒáá·áºááŸá¯ááŒááºáž â Scan â áá áºáá¯áááºážááŒá¯ááŒááºáž â Mesh â BIMSoftware tools (Autodesk ReCap, FARO Scene, etc.)
á¡áá¯á¶ážááŒá¯áá±á¬ áá±á¬á·ááºáá²áá»á¬áž (ReCap, FARO, RealityCapture)Model optimization for heritage building details
Heritage á¡áá±á¬ááºá¡á¡á¯á¶á¡ááœáẠáá±á¬áºáááºá¡áá±ážá áááºáá»á¬áž áá»á¯á¶á·á ááºážáááºáááºááŒááºáž
ð Module 4: Case Studies / á¥ááá¬áá±á·áá¬ááŸá¯áá»á¬áž
Example: Yangon Colonial Building digitization
á¥ááᬠâ áááºáá¯áẠááŒááááá»áŸá¡áá±á¬ááºá¡á¯á¶áá»á¬ážá Digital Twin áááºáá®ážááŸá¯Use of digital twins in structural risk assessment
ááœá²á·á ááºážáá¯á¶á¡áá¹ááá¬ááºáá¯á¶ážáááºááŸá¯ááœáẠDigital Twins á¡áá¯á¶ážááŒá¯ááŒááºážTraining technicians with virtual access
Technician áá»á¬ážá¡ááœáẠáá»ááºááŸá±á¬ááºáááºážáá±á¬ áá±á·áá»áá·áºááŸá¯
ð Module 5: Getting Started with a Digital Twin Project / Digital Twins á á®áá¶ááááºáž á áááºááŒááºáž
Hardware & software requirements
ááá¯á¡ááºáá±á¬ á ááºááááá¬ááŸáá·áº áá±á¬á·ááºáá²Field team composition and data protocols
áá¯ááºáááºážá¡ááœá²á·ááœá²á·á ááºážááŸá¯ááŸáá·áº áá±áá¬á áá áºáá»á¬ážData storage: cloud vs local servers
áá±áá¬ááááºážáááºážááŸá¯ â Cloud ááŸáá·áº Local Server
ð Module 6: Cultural Value and National Importance / áááºáá»á±ážááŸá¯áááºááá¯ážááŸáá·áº á¡áá»áá¯ážáá¬ážá¡áá±ážáá«ááŸá¯
Safeguarding heritage through digital twins
Digital Twins áá±á¬áºáááºáá»á¬ážááŒáá·áº Heritage á¡áá±á¬ááºá¡á¡á¯á¶áá»á¬ážááᯠááááºážááááºážááŒááºážUNESCO requirements and global collaboration
UNESCO á á¶ááŸá¯ááºážáá»á¬ážááŸáá·áº á¡ááŒááºááŒááºááá¯ááºáá¬áá°ážáá±á«ááºážááŸá¯Promoting national identity via virtual museums
áá»ááºááŸá±á¬ááºáááºážáá±á¬ááŒááá¯ááºáá»á¬ážááŸáá áºááá·áº áá°áá»áá¯ážáá±ážááá¬áá±ážááŒáŸáá·áºáááºááŒááºáž
ð Module 7: Tools & Glossary / áá¯á¶ážá áœá²ááá±á¬áááááá¬áá»á¬ážááŸáá·áº á¡áááá¬ááº
Project Plan Template
á á®áá¶ááááºážá¡á á®á¡á ááºáá±á¬áºááŒá áá áºScan-to-BIM Workflow Chart
Scan á០BIM ááŒá áºáá¬áá¯á¶ááá¬ážEnglish-Myanmar Glossary (e.g., Mesh, Point Cloud, Registration)
á¡ááºá¹áááááº-ááŒááºáᬠá¡áá¯á¶ážá¡ááŸá¯ááºážá¡áááá¬ááº
ð§ Foundational Skills
⢠Time Management & Prioritization ⢠á¡áá»áááºá á®áá¶ááá·áºááœá²ááŸá¯ááŸáá·áº áŠážá á¬ážáá±ážááŸá¯
⢠Effective Communication in the Workplace ⢠á¡áá¯ááºááœááºá¡ááœááºáž áááá±á¬ááºáá±á¬ áááºááœááºáááºáá¶áá±áž
⢠Critical Thinking & Problem Solving ⢠áááºážá á áºáá±áááºááœá±ážáá±á«áºááŸá¯ááŸáá·áº ááŒá¿áá¬ááŒá±ááŸááºážááá¯ááºááŸá¯
⢠Goal Setting & Accountability ⢠áááºááŸááºážáá»ááºáááºááŸááºááŒááºážááŸáá·áº áá¬áááºáá°ááŸá¯
ðŒ Role-Specific Competencies
⢠Project Management Essentials ⢠á á®áá¶ááááºáž á á®áá¶ááá·áºááœá²ááŸá¯ á¡ááŒá±áá¶áá»á¬áž
⢠Customer Service Excellence ⢠áá°ážáá»áœááºáá±á¬ áááºáá±á¬ááºááŸá¯
⢠Sales Fundamentals (if applicable) ⢠á¡áá±á¬ááºážá¡ááŒá±áá¶áá»á¬áž (áááºááá¯ááºáá»áŸááº)
⢠Data Literacy & Reporting Basics ⢠áá±áᬠáá¬ážáááºááá¯ááºá áœááºážááŸáá·áº á¡á á®áááºáá¶á ᬠáá±ážáá¬ážááŒááºáž á¡ááŒá±áá¶
ð€ Behavioral & Soft Skills
⢠Emotional Intelligence at Work ⢠á¡áá¯ááºááœááºá¡ááœááºáž á áááºáá¶á á¬ážááŸá¯ááá¯ááºáᬠáá¬ááºáááº
⢠Conflict Resolution & Feedback Handling ⢠á¡ááŒá±á¡ááẠááŸáááŸáá¯ááºážááŒá±ááŸááºážááŒááºážááŸáá·áº ááŒááºáááºá¡ááŒá¶áá±ážáá»ááºááᯠááá¯ááºááœááºááŒááºáž
⢠Adaptability & Growth Mindset ⢠ááá¯ááºáá»á±á¬áá®ááœá±ááŸáááŸá¯ááŸáá·áº ááŒá®ážááœá¬ážááŸá¯á¡ááœá±ážá¡áá±á«áº
⢠Professionalism & Workplace Ethics ⢠professionalism ááŸáá·áº á¡áá¯ááºááœáẠáá»áá·áºáááº
ð Performance & Productivity
⢠Understanding KPIs & Performance Metrics ⢠KPI áá»á¬ážááŸáá·áº á áœááºážáá±á¬ááºááẠááá¯ááºážáá¬ááŸá¯áá»á¬ážááᯠáá¬ážáááºááŒááºáž
⢠Self-Assessment & Reflection Techniques ⢠ááá¯ááºááá¯áẠá¡ááœááºážááŸááºááŒáá·áº áááºážá á áºááŒááºáž áááºážáááºážáá»á¬áž
⢠Building Personal Development Plans ⢠ááá¯ááºáááºááá¯ááºááœá±áž ááœá¶á·ááŒáá¯ážáá±áž á¡á á®á¡á ááºáá»á¬áž áá±ážááœá²ááŒááºáž
⢠Overcoming Procrastination & Building Focus ⢠áá»ááºááŒáááºážááŒááºážááᯠá¡á±á¬ááºááŒááºááŒááºáá»á±á¬áºáᬠá¡á¬áá¯á¶á á°ážá áá¯ááºááŸá¯ áááºáá±á¬ááºááŒááºáž
ð§ Leadership & Career Development (for mid-level or aspiring leaders)
⢠Coaching & Mentoring Basics ⢠áááºááŒá¬ážáááºážááŒáá±ážááŒááºážááŸáá·áº áááºážááœáŸááºááŸá¯áá±ážááŒááºáž á¡ááŒá±áá¶áá»á¬áž
⢠Decision-Making Under Pressure ⢠ááá á®ážááŸá¯á¡á±á¬ááºááœáẠáá¯á¶ážááŒááºáá»ááºáá»ááŸááºááŒááºáž
⢠Delegation & Team Empowerment ⢠áá¬áááºááœá²áá±ááŒááºážááŸáá·áº á¡áááºážá¡á¬áž á áœááºážáá±á¬ááºáááºááŒáŸáá·áºáááºáá±ážááŒááºáž
⢠Strategic Thinking & Vision Alignment ⢠áááºážáá»á°áá¬áá»áá±á¬ á¡ááœá±ážá¡áá±á«áºááŸáá·áº áá»áŸá±á¬áºááŸááºážáá»ááºáááºážááá¯ááºááŸáááŒááºáž
ð ïž Optional Add-ons Based on Specific Issues
⢠Stress Management & Resilience Training ⢠á áááºááá á®ážááŸá¯ á á®áá¶ááá·áºááœá²ááŒááºážááŸáá·áº áááºáá¶ááá¯ááºááŸá¯ áá±á·áá»áá·áºááŒááºáž
⢠Remote Work Best Practices ⢠á¡áááºááŸá¬á¡áá¯ááºáá¯ááºááŒááºáž á¡áá±á¬ááºážáá¯á¶ážáá¯ááºáá±á¬ááºáááºážáá»á¬áž
⢠Diversity, Equity & Inclusion Awareness ⢠á á¯á¶áááºááœá²ááŒá¬ážááŸá¯á áááºážáá°áá®áá»áŸááŸá¯ááŸáá·áº áá«áááºááœáá·áº ááááŒááºáá¬ážáááºááŸá¯
⢠Digital Tools Mastery (e.g., Excel, Teams, CRM platforms) ⢠áá®áá»á áºáááºáááááá¬áá»á¬áž áá»áœááºážáá»ááºá¡áá¯á¶ážáá»áááºáž (á¥ááá¬- Excel, Teams, CRM platforms)
ð§ Emotional Intelligence (EQ) vs. Intelligence Quotient (IQ)
IQ (Intelligence Quotient) Definition: Your level of cognitive abilityâlogical reasoning, problem-solving, learning capacity, and strategic thinking. á¡áááá¹áá¬áẠâ ááá·áºáá²á· áá¬ááºáááºá¡ááá·áºá áá¯áá¹áááááºááŸá¯á ááŒá¿áá¬ááŒá±ááŸááºážááá¯ááºá áœááºážá á á¬áááºáá°ááŸá¯ááŸáá·áº áááºážáá»á°áá¬áá»á¬áž áá¬ážáááºááá¯ááºá áœááºážááᯠááá¯ááºážáá¬áááºá
Example: Analyzing complex data, solving technical problems. ááŸá¯ááºááœá±ážáá±á¬ á¡áá»ááºá¡áááºáá»á¬ážááᯠááœá²ááŒááºážá áááºááŒá¬ááŒááºážá áááºážááá¬ááá¯ááºáᬠááŒá¿áá¬áá»á¬ážááᯠááŸá¬ááœá±ááŒá±ááŸááºážááŒááºážá
EQ (Emotional Quotient) Definition: Your emotional awarenessâunderstanding yourself, recognizing othersâ feelings (empathy), managing emotions, and handling relationships effectively. á¡áááá¹áá¬áẠâ ááá·áºáá²á· á áááºáá¶á á¬ážááŸá¯ááá¯ááºáᬠáá¬ááºáááºá ááááááá¯ááºááᯠáá¬ážáááºááŒááºážá áá°áá áºáá«ážá áá¶á á¬ážáá»ááºáá»á¬ážááᯠááááŒááºáá¬ážáááºááŒááºáž (á á¬áá¬ááŸá¯)á á áááºáá¶á á¬ážááŸá¯áá»á¬ážááᯠá á®áá¶ááá·áºááœá²ááŒááºážááŸáá·áº áááºáá¶áá±ážááᯠáááá±á¬ááºá áœá¬ á á®áá¶ááá·áºááœá²ááá¯ááºááŒááºážááᯠááá¯ááºážáá¬áááºá
Example: Staying calm under pressure, building team harmony, giving constructive feedback. ááá á®ážááŸá¯á¡á±á¬ááºááœáẠá áááºáááºááŒáááºá¡á±á¬ááºáá¬ážááŒááºážá á¡áááºážá¡ááœá²á·á¡ááœááºáž áááá¬áááŒá áºá¡á±á¬áẠáá¯ááºáá±á¬ááºááŒááºážá áááºáá±á¬ááºáá±ážááá·áº ááŒááºáááºáá¯á¶á·ááŒááºááŸá¯áá±ážááŒááºážá
Workplace Impact IQ gets you hired (baseline capability). EQ helps you succeed (leadership, teamwork, conflict resolution). IQ ááẠááá·áºááᯠá¡áá¯ááºáááºááœáá·áº áá á±ááẠ(á¡ááŒá±áá¶á áœááºážááẠááá¯á¡ááºáá»ááºáá»á¬áž)á EQ ááẠááá·áºááᯠá¡áá¯ááºááœáẠáá°ážáá»áœááºá¡á±á¬áẠáá¯ááºáá±ážááẠ(áá±á«ááºážáá±á¬ááºááŸá¯á á¡áááºážá¡ááœá²á·ááœá²á·á ááºážááŒááºážá áááááá¹á ááŒá±ááŸááºážááŒááºáž)á
IQ makes you eligible. EQ makes you exceptional. IQ á ááá·áºá¡á¬áž á¡áá¯ááºá¡ááœáẠááá·áºáá»á±á¬áºááŸá¯ááŸáá á±áááºá EQ á ááá·áºá¡á¬áž á¡á±á¬ááºááŒááºáá±á¬ ááá±á¬áºáááºááŸááºáááºáá áºáŠážááŒá áºá á±áááºá
What is Haematology?
Hematology is the branch of internal medicine, physiology, pathology, clinical laboratory work, and pediatrics that is concerned with the study of blood, the blood-forming organs, and blood diseases.
Blood tests are performed to make a diagnosis, monitor the course of a disease, establish baseline status of patient for subsequent comparison and screen for health or a disease.
Course Title: Tender PO and Payment Process
Course Description:
This course provides a clear understanding of how Purchase Orders (PO) and payment processes function within tendering systems. Learners will gain knowledge of procurement documentation, compliance requirements, and payment authorization procedures.
Modules:
Introduction to Tender PO
PO Creation and Approval Process
Supplier Acknowledgment and Obligations
Delivery & Inspection of Goods/Services
Invoice Submission and Verification
Three-Way Matching (PO, Invoice, Delivery Note)
Payment Authorization & Release
Record-Keeping and Audit Compliance
Common Challenges & Solutions in PO & Payment
Case Studies & Best Practices
- What is Differential GPS (DGPS)
and how is it used in marine navigation?
DGPS improves positional accuracy by using a fixed reference station to correct GPS signals, reducing errors to a few centimeters. - What is Real-Time Kinematic (RTK)
GPS?
RTK provides high-precision positioning using carrier-phase measurements and a base station, commonly used in hydrographic surveying. - How is Marine GPS integrated with
sonar and chart plotters?
GPS data is combined with depth readings and electronic charts for accurate navigation and mapping. - What are common sources of GPS
errors in advanced marine applications?
Satellite geometry, multipath reflections, ionospheric and tropospheric delays, and equipment errors. - What is the role of GNSS systems
besides GPS?
Systems like GLONASS, Galileo, and BeiDou provide additional satellites to improve accuracy and reliability. - How is Marine GPS used for
offshore surveying and hydrographic mapping?
It provides precise vessel positioning for charting the seabed, coastal monitoring, and offshore engineering projects. - How do you troubleshoot advanced
GPS errors?
By checking satellite signals, using DGPS corrections, verifying equipment calibration, and monitoring environmental factors. - What is radar and how does it
work?
Radar (Radio Detection and Ranging) uses radio waves to detect objects, measure distance, and determine speed by analyzing reflected signals. - What are the main applications of
radar?
Navigation, weather monitoring, air traffic control, maritime safety, and military surveillance.
Concrete Testing â FAQ & MCQ
FAQs (5â7)
- What is concrete testing?
Testing concrete evaluates its strength, durability, and quality to ensure it meets construction standards. - Why is concrete testing
important?
To ensure safety, structural integrity, and compliance with engineering specifications. - What are common types of concrete tests?
- Compressive strength test
- Slump test
- Flexural strength test
- Air content test
- What is a slump test?
A measure of concreteâs workability and consistency before it sets. - How is compressive strength
measured?
Using a compression testing machine on concrete cubes or cylinders after curing. - What factors affect concrete
strength?
Water-cement ratio, curing time, material quality, and mix proportion. - When should concrete be tested?
At fresh state (workability) and after curing (strength), typically 7, 14, and 28 days.
Soil Testing â Laboratory FAQ & MCQ
FAQs (5â7)
- What
is soil testing?
Soil testing evaluates the physical and chemical properties of soil to determine its suitability for construction, agriculture, or landscaping. - Why
is soil testing important?
To ensure structural safety, proper foundation design, and optimal crop growth or soil management. - What are common laboratory soil tests?
- Grain size analysis (sieve analysis)
- Atterberg limits (liquid limit, plastic limit)
- Moisture content determination
- Compaction test (Proctor test)
- Specific gravity test
- What
is the Atterberg limit test?
Determines the plasticity and consistency of fine-grained soils by measuring liquid and plastic limits. - How
is moisture content determined in soil?
By oven-drying a soil sample and calculating the weight loss due to water evaporation. - What
is the purpose of the compaction test?
To find the optimum moisture content for achieving maximum soil density for construction purposes. - When
should soil testing be performed?
Before construction, agricultural planning, or any project requiring soil assessment.
- What is material testing?
Material testing is the process of evaluating the physical, mechanical, and chemical properties of materials to ensure they meet design and quality standards. - Why is material testing
important?
To ensure safety, reliability, durability, and performance of materials used in construction, manufacturing, and engineering. - What are the common types of material testing?
- Tensile testing
- Compression testing
- Hardness testing
- Impact testing
- Flexural testing
- What is tensile testing?
A test to measure how a material behaves under tension, including its strength, ductility, and elasticity. - What is hardness testing?
A method to determine a materialâs resistance to deformation, scratching, or indentation. - When should material testing be
performed?
During product development, quality control, and research to ensure compliance with standards. - What standards are used for
material testing?
ASTM, ISO, IS, BS, and other national or international testing standards.
ð Google Earth â FAQ (English & Myanmar)
Q1. What is Google Earth?
Google Earth is a digital mapping and visualization tool that allows users to explore satellite imagery, maps, terrain, and 3D buildings across the globe.
Q1. Google Earth ááá¯áá¬áá¬áá²?
Google Earth á ááá¹áá¬áá±á«áºááŸá á§áááá¬á¡á¬ážáá¯á¶ážááᯠsatellite imagery, ááŒá±áá¯á¶, ááŒá±áá»ááºááŸá¬ááŒááºáá²á· 3D á¡áá±á¬ááºá¡áŠážááœá±ááᯠááŒáá·áºááŸá¯ááá¯ááºáá²á· digital mapping áá²á· visualization tool áá áºáᯠááŒá áºáá«áááºá
Q2. What are the main features of Google Earth?
Satellite imagery, 3D terrain and buildings, street view, historical imagery, measurement tools, and placemarking.
Q2. Google Earth áá²á· á¡ááá feature ááœá±ááá¬áá²?
Satellite imagery, 3D ááŒá±áá»ááºááŸá¬ááŒááºáá²á· á¡áá±á¬ááºá¡áŠážáá»á¬áž, street view, historical imagery, ááá¯ááºážáá¬ááŸá¯ tools ááœá± áá²á· placemarking ááá¯á· áá«áááºáá«áááºá
Q3. How can Google Earth be used in surveying and mapping?
To measure distances and areas, visualize terrain, plan routes, and monitor land-use changes.
Q3. Surveying áá²á· mapping ááŸá¬ Google Earth ááᯠáááºááá¯á¡áá¯á¶ážááŒá¯ááá¯ááºáá²?
á¡ááœá¬á¡áá±ážáá²á· á§áááá¬ááᯠááá¯ááºážáá¬áááº, ááŒá±áá»ááºááŸá¬ááŒááºááᯠááŒáá·áºááŸá¯áááº, áááºážááŒá±á¬ááºážáá»á¬ážááᯠá á®áá¶áááº, ááŒá± á¡áá¯á¶ážááŒá¯ááŸá¯ ááŒá±á¬ááºážáá²ááŸá¯ááœá±ááᯠá á±á¬áá·áºááŒáá·áºááẠá¡áá¯á¶ážááŒá¯ááá¯ááºáá«áááºá
Q4. Can Google Earth provide real-time data?
Mostly no; it provides mostly up-to-date satellite images, but not live real-time tracking.
Q4. Google Earth á real-time data áá±ážááá¯ááºááá¬áž?
ááá¯ááºáá«áá°ážá Google Earth á á¡áá»á¬ážá¡á¬ážááŒáá·áº áá±á¬ááºáá¯á¶ážáááŸááá¬ážáá²á· satellite imagery ááœá±ááá¯áá² ááŒááá±ážááŒá®áž real-time (á¡áá»áááºááŸáá·áºáááŒá±ážáá®) tracking ááᯠááá±ážááá¯ááºáá«á
Q5. What file formats can be imported into Google Earth?
KML, KMZ, GPX, and CSV for placemarks, routes, and spatial data.
Q5. Google Earth áá²ááᯠááẠfile format ááœá±ááá·áºááœááºážááá¯ááºáá²?
Placemark, routes áá²á· spatial data áá»á¬ážá¡ááœáẠKML, KMZ, GPX áá²á· CSV file format ááœá± ááá·áºááœááºážááá¯ááºáá«áááºá
Q6. What is a placemark in Google Earth?
A marker or pin used to highlight a specific location on the map.
Q6. Google Earth ááŸá¬ placemark ááá¯áá¬áá¬áá²?
Map áá±á«áºá áááá»áá²á· áá±áá¬áá áºáá¯ááᯠá¡ááŸááºá¡áá¬ážááŒáá¬ážááá¯á· áá¯á¶ážáá²á· marker ááá¯á·ááá¯áẠpin ááŒá áºáá«áááºá
Q7. What are common applications of Google Earth?
Education, environmental monitoring, urban planning, disaster management, and navigation.
Q7. Google Earth ááᯠá¡áá»á¬ážáá¯á¶áž áá¬ááœá±ááŸá¬ á¡áá¯á¶ážááŒá¯áá²?
ááá¬áá±áž, áááºáááºážáá»ááºá á±á¬áá·áºááŒáá·áºááŒááºáž, ááŒáá¯á·ááŒá á®áá¶áá±áž, áá±ážá¡áá¹ááá¬áẠá á®áá¶ááá·áºááœá²ááŸá¯, áááºážááœáŸááº/navigation á áá²á· á¡áá¬ááœá±ááŸá¬ á¡áá»á¬ážáá¯á¶áž á¡áá¯á¶ážááŒá¯áá«áááºá


Absolutely, Dr. Than Win. Letâs elevate Concordiaâs corporate culture by integrating best practices from global leaders like Toyota, Mayo Clinic, Apple, and McKinseyâwhile keeping it bilingual, mobile-friendly, and instantly usable for staff training.
ð Concordia Corporate Culture Framework
Inspired by Global Majors | Bilingual Format for Staff Training
| Pillar | Global Inspiration | English Motto | Myanmar Translation |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1. Integrity First | Johnson & Johnson Credo | Never cheat the customer. Trust is our currency. | áá±á¬ááºáááºááᯠááŸáá·áºá á¬ážááá¯ááºáá«á áá¯á¶ááŒááºááŸá¯ááẠáá»áœááºá¯ááºááá¯á·á ááœá±ááŒá±ážááŒá áºáááºá |
| 2. Precision Delivery | Toyota Production System | Say it. Do it. On time. No error. First time. | ááŒá±á¬áááºááᯠááŒá¯áá¯ááºáá«á á¡áá»áááºááŸááºá á¡ááŸá¬ážáááŸáá áááá¡ááŒáááºááŸá¬ááẠááŒá®ážá á®ážáá«á |
| 3. Respect & Discipline | Military & McKinsey | Respect the chain of command. Roles matter. | á¡á¯ááºáá»á¯ááºááŸá¯á ááºááᯠáá±ážá á¬ážáá«á áá¬áááºáá»á¬ážááẠá¡áá±ážááŒá®ážáááºá |
| 4. Winning Together | Apple & Amazon | We win as one. Results matter. | á¡á±á¬ááºááŒááºááŸá¯ááᯠá¡áá°ááᜠááá°áá«á ááááºááẠá¡áá±ážááŒá®ážáááºá |
| 5. Continuous Learning | Mayo Clinic & Google | Learn fast. Share fast. Improve daily. | ááŒááºááŒááºáá±á·áá¬áá«á ááŒááºááŒááºáá»áŸáá±áá«á áá±á·á ááºááá¯ážáááºáá«á |
| 6. Ownership Mindset | Netflix & SpaceX | Act like an owner. Solve like a leader. | ááá¯ááºááŸááºáá áºáŠážááᯠáá¯ááºáá±á¬ááºáá«á áá±á«ááºážáá±á¬ááºáá áºáŠážááᯠááŒá±ááŸááºážáá«á |
| 7. Transparency & Feedback | Bridgewater & LinkedIn | Speak up. Share facts. Improve together. | á¡áá¶ááœááºáá«á á¡áá»ááºá¡áááºáá»áŸáá±áá«á á¡áá°ááᜠááá¯ážáááºáá«á |
ð ïž Deployment Ideas for Concordia
- Mobile Posters: Create visual cards with each motto for WhatsApp, Odoo, and staff phones.
- MCQs & Quizzes: Reinforce each value with playful bilingual questions (e.g., âWhat does âAct like an ownerâ mean in our daily work?â).
- Role-Based Examples: Add real Concordia scenarios to each pillar (e.g., logistics, procurement, diagnostics).
- Gamified Culture Tracker: Let teams earn badges for living the culture (e.g., âZero-error delivery badgeâ or âRespectful escalation starâ).
Would you like me to draft a bilingual quiz set or visual cards for these values? I can also help embed them into your SOPs, onboarding slides, or eLearning modules. Letâs make this culture not just aspirationalâbut operational.
Absolutely, Dr. Than Win. To capture all 8 Concordia Culture Pillars in a memorable, motivational acronym, hereâs one that fits your visionary style:
ð Acronym: PROACTIVE
This reflects the spirit of Concordiaâproactive, principled, and performance-driven.
ð Concordia Culture Pillars in PROACTIVE:
P â Precision Delivery
Say it. Do it. On time. No error. First time.R â Respect & Discipline
Respect the chain of command. Roles matter.O â Ownership Mindset
Act like an owner. Solve like a leader.A â Accountability & Integrity
Never cheat the customer. Trust is our currency.C â Continuous Learning
Learn fast. Share fast. Improve daily.T â Transparency & Feedback
Speak up. Share facts. Improve together.I â Innovation & Improvement
Innovate boldly. Improve daily.V â Victory Culture (Winning Together)
We win as one. Results matter.E â Empowerment (Optional bonus layer)
Empower staff to lead, learn, and grow.
This acronym can be used in:
- Mobile posters (âBe PROACTIVE at Concordia!â)
- Staff quizzes (âWhich part of PROACTIVE means âFix it smarterâ?â)
- Onboarding slides (âWe live by PROACTIVE valuesâevery day, every role.â)
Would you like me to design a bilingual visual card or MCQ set around this acronym for your eLearning module? I can also help embed it into your SOPs or WhatsApp staff reminders.
ð eLearning Course: Recruitment Module â Odoo 18 ERP
Module 1 â Introduction to Odoo Recruitment
Purpose of Recruitment in Odoo ERP
Recruitment workflow overview (Job Positions â Applications â Pipeline â Hiring)
Benefits of using Odoo for recruitment
Module 2 â Job Position Management
Creating and managing job positions
Publishing vacancies on website & social media
Customizing job descriptions & requirements
Archiving/closing positions
Module 3 â Applications & Pipeline
Receiving applications (manual entry, website, email)
Candidate pipeline stages (New â First Interview â Second Interview â Contract â Hired)
Moving applicants across stages
Tagging, filtering, and scoring candidates
Module 4 â Interview & Evaluation
Scheduling interviews (Odoo Calendar integration)
Creating evaluation forms & feedback templates
Using scorecards for structured interviews
Managing interviewer collaboration
Module 5 â Contracts & Onboarding
Creating offer letters and contracts (integration with Employees & HR)
Salary package configurations
Document collection (signatures, ID, certificates, etc.)
Onboarding workflow
Module 6 â Recruitment Reporting & Analytics
Recruitment dashboards & KPIs
Reports: Time-to-hire, Source of hire, Pipeline conversion
Custom reports with Odoo Studio / Excel integration
Module 7 â Integration with Other Odoo Apps
Recruitment â Employees (automatic new hire creation)
Recruitment â Payroll (seamless contract to salary)
Recruitment â Project (assigning new hires to projects)
Recruitment â Website (career portal)
Module 8 â Advanced Features & Best Practices
Automated email templates & candidate communication
Using Odoo Approvals for offer confirmation
Best practices for GDPR / data privacy in recruitment
Optimizing recruitment funnel with KPIs
â Each module can include:
Reading (theory, A4 x2)
Practical demo (step-by-step screenshots or video)
FAQs
MCQs / Case Studies
Do you want me to prepare this eLearning in dual language (English + Myanmar, same line) like we did for your previous modules, with FAQs and MCQs included?
Got it ð As your Service Training Guru, Iâll design an eLearning structure for Mindray DC-60/DC-70 Service Training.
This will be modular, with theory + practical focus, and suitable for an LMS (Odoo eLearning, Moodle, etc.).
ð eLearning Modules: DC-60/DC-70 Service Training (Mindray)
Module 1 â Introduction & System Overview
Purpose of the DC Series (DC-60 vs DC-70 positioning)
Main features & specifications
System architecture (hardware + software layers)
Clinical applications overview
Learning Material:
A4 handout (system overview, feature comparison)
Intro video (Mindray official or service trainer)
Module 2 â Hardware Components
Main unit structure & block diagram
Control panel, keyboard, touchscreen
Power supply & battery management
Probe ports & transducer technology
Peripheral connections (USB, DICOM, Printer)
Activities:
Hardware identification exercise (photos/diagrams)
Interactive labeling quiz
Module 3 â Software & User Interface
Operating system & boot process
Main UI layout & workflow navigation
Presets, measurement packages, reporting functions
Customization & configuration
Learning Material:
Walkthrough video of UI
User Guide excerpt
Module 4 â Installation & Setup
Unboxing & site requirements (space, power, cooling)
System installation procedure
Initial configuration (date/time, language, DICOM setup)
Connecting probes & peripherals
Practice:
Installation checklist
Setup simulation (if LMS supports drag & drop)
Module 5 â Preventive Maintenance
Daily/weekly/monthly service checklists
Cleaning & disinfection guidelines
Software updates & licensing
Probe care & storage
FAQ Example:
âHow often should software patches be applied?â
âWhatâs the safe cleaning agent for probes?â
Module 6 â Troubleshooting & Diagnostics
Common error codes & alarms
Probe connectivity issues
Power-on/boot failures
Image quality troubleshooting (noise, resolution, artifacts)
Use of service tools & diagnostic logs
Assessment:
Fault case studies (choose the root cause & fix)
MCQs on error handling
Module 7 â Replacement & Repair
Probe replacement procedure
Control panel/keypad replacement
Power supply & fan module replacement
Safety guidelines (ESD, grounding, handling)
Activity:
Step-by-step illustrated guide
Video demonstration (service engineer)
Module 8 â Advanced Service Tools
Mindray service software utilities
Calibration procedures (probe, image quality, measurement)
Backup & restore system data
Remote service support (if enabled)
Module 9 â Compliance & Documentation
Service log requirements
Regulatory compliance (safety, QA, ISO)
Documentation for preventive & corrective maintenance
Warranty & service contract guidelines
Module 10 â Final Assessment
MCQs (20â30 questions) covering hardware, software, PM, and troubleshooting
Case Study Simulation (e.g., âSystem fails to boot â diagnose and suggest repair stepsâ)
Practical Checklist Assignment (upload completed PM checklist for review)
â Outputs ready for LMS:
Reading materials (A4 Ã 2â3 per module)
FAQ (5â7 per module, dual-language if needed)
MCQs (10â20 per module, not covered by FAQ)
Videos (link/embed Mindray tutorials or custom recordings)
Practical worksheets/checklists
ð Would you like me to package this into a SCORM-compatible module (so you can directly import into Odoo eLearning/Moodle), or do you prefer just content in Word/Excel/PPT format to prepare first?
1.      What is the purpose of the Warranted Replacement Plan for 2e items? (2e áá á¹á ááºážáá»á¬ážá¡ááœáẠá¡á¬ááá¶á¡á á¬ážááá¯ážá¡á á®á¡á ááºááááºááœááºáá»ááºááá¬áá²á) A. To sell more devices ( áá á¹á ááºážáá»á¬ážááá¯ááá¯áá±á¬ááºážááẠ) B. To reduce service cost ( áááºáá±á¬ááºááŸá¯áá¯ááºáá»á ááááºáá»áŸá±á¬á·áá»ááẠ) C. To ensure customer satisfaction and quick replacement ( áá±á¬ááºáááºáá»á±áááºááŸá¯ááŸáá·áºá¡á á¬ážááá¯ážááŒááºážááá¯á¡ááŒááºá¡á±á¬ááºááŒááºá á±ááẠ) â D. To avoid documentation ( ááŸááºáááºážáááºááŒááºážááá¯ááŸá±á¬ááºááẠ)
âž»
1.      How many replacement units are allocated per sales outlet? (áá áºáá¯áá»ááºážá á®áá±á¬ááºážáá»ááŸá¯áá¬áááœáẠá¡á á¬ážááá¯ážáá°áá áºáááºááŸá áºáá¯ááá·áºáááºáá¬ážááá²á) A. 1 B. 2â3 â C. 5 D. Unlimited ( á¡áááºá·á¡áááºáááŸá )
âž»
1.      What must be recorded before giving a replacement unit? (á¡á á¬ážááá¯ážáá°áá áºáá±ážáá® áá¬ááá¯ááŸááºáááºážáááºááááºáááºážá) A. Customerâs phone number ( áá±á¬ááºáááºáá¯ááºážáá¶áá«áẠ) B. Reason for exchange â ( á¡á á¬ážááá¯ážáááŒááºážá¡ááŒá±á¬ááºážá¡áááºáž ) C. Technicianâs name only ( áááºážááá¬ááŸááºá¡áááºáᬠ) D. Product serial number only ( áá¯ááºáá¯ááºáá¶áá«ááºáᬠ)
âž»
1.      What must the customer do after receiving the replacement? (á¡á á¬ážááá¯ážáá°áá áºáááºáá¶ááŒá®ážáá±á¬áẠáá±á¬ááºáááºááá¬áá¯ááºááááºáááºážá) A. Pay extra charges ( á¡ááá¯ááœá±áá±ážáá»á±ááẠ) B. Sign a confirmation â ( áááºáá¶ááŒá±á¬ááºážáááºááŸááºáá±ážááá¯ážááẠ) C. Return the old box ( á¡áá±á¬ááºážáá±á¬ááºá áºááŒááºáá±ážááẠ) D. Call the service center ( áááºáá±á¬ááºááŸá¯áá¬áááá¯áá¯ááºážáá±á«áºááẠ)
âž»
1.      What kind of replacement is allowed under this plan? (á€á¡á á®á¡á ááºá¡á±á¬ááºááœáẠáááºááá¯á¡á á¬ážááá¯ážáá±ážááŸá¯ááá¯ááœáá·áºááŒá¯áá¬ážááá²á) A. Full box with accessories ( á¡ááŒáá·áºá¡á á¯á¶áá±á¬ááºá áºááŸáá·áºá¡áá° ) B. Machine only â ( á ááºáá áºáá¯á¶ážáᬠ) C. Used machines ( á¡áá¯á¶ážááŒá¯ááŒá®ážáá±á¬á ááºáá»á¬áž ) D. Any available item ( áááŸáááá¯ááºááá»áŸ )
âž»
1.      Where should the replacement be recorded? (á¡á á¬ážááá¯ážááŸá¯ááá¯áááºááŸá¬ááŸááºáááºážáááºááááºáááºážá) A. On paper only ( á áá¹áá°áá±á«áºááœááºáᬠ) B. In Odoo system â ( Odoo á áá áºááœáẠ) C. In WhatsApp group ( WhatsApp Group ááœáẠ) D. No need to record ( ááŸááºáááºážáááá¯á¡ááºáá« )
âž»
1.      Who analyzes the replacement data daily? (á¡á á¬ážááá¯ážáá±áá¬ááá¯áá±á·á ááºáááºáá°ááá·áºááœá²ááááºážá) A. Sales team ( áá±á¬ááºážá¡á¬ážá¡ááœá²á· ) B. Warehouse ( ááá¯áá±á«áẠ) C. Service center â ( áááºáá±á¬ááºááŸá¯áá¬á ) D. Customer ( áá±á¬ááºááẠ)
âž»
1.      What is the acceptable return rate before requesting more FOC units? (FOC áá°áá áºáá»á¬ážá¡ááœááºáá±á¬ááºážááá¯áááºáááá¯ááºáá® ááœáá·áºááŒá¯áá¬ážáá±á¬ááŒááºáá¬ááŸá¯ááºážááŸá¬áááºáá±á¬ááºáá²á) A. 1% B. 2% â C. 5% D. 10%
âž»
1.      What happens if return rate exceeds 2%? (ááŒááºáá¬ááŸá¯ááºáž 2% áá»á±á¬áºáá»áŸáẠáá¬ááŒá áºáááºáááºážá) A. Stop replacements ( á¡á á¬ážááá¯ážááŸá¯áááºááá·áºááẠ) B. Request more FOC units â ( FOC áá°áá áºáá»á¬ážááá¯ááá¯áá±á¬ááºážááá¯ááẠ) C. Ignore the data ( áá±áá¬ááá¯áá»á áºáá»á°ááŸá¯ááẠ) D. Reduce stock ( á áá±á¬á·áá»áŸá±á¬á·áá»ááẠ)
âž»
1.      Why is customer signature important? (áá±á¬ááºáááºáááºááŸááºáá±ážááá¯ážááŒááºážá¡áá±ážááŒá®ážáá²á·á¡ááŒá±á¬ááºážá¡áááºážááá¬áá²á) A. For legal proof and satisfaction â ( á¥ááá±á¡áá±á¬ááºá¡áá¬ážááŸáá·áºáá»á±áááºááŸá¯á¡ááœáẠ) B. To get more sales ( áá±á¬ááºážá¡á¬ážááá¯ážááẠ) C. To avoid service ( áááºáá±á¬ááºááŸá¯ááŸá±á¬ááºááẠ) D. It is not important ( á¡áá±ážáááŒá®ážáá« )
Â
3.Time management & prioritization
á¡áá»áááºá á®áá¶ááá·áºááœá²ááŸá¯ (Time Management) ááŸáá·áº áŠážá á¬ážáá±ážáá±á¬ááºááœááºááŒááºáž (Prioritization)
á¡áá»áááºá á®áá¶ááá·áºááœá²ááŸá¯ááŸáá·áº áŠážá á¬ážáá±ážáá±á¬ááºááœááºááŒááºáž FAQ 20
- á¡áá»áááºá
á®áá¶ááá·áºááœá²ááŸá¯ááá¯áá¬áá¬áá²?
â áá¯ááºáá±á¬ááºáááá·áºá¡áá¯ááºáá»á¬ážááᯠá¡áá»áááºá¡ááá¯áẠá á®á ááºááŒá®áž á¡áá»áá¯ážá¡ááŒááºá¡áá»á¬ážáá¯á¶áž ááŒá áºá¡á±á¬ááºá á®áá¶ááŒááºáž ááŒá áºáááºá - áŠážá
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áºááá¯ááºááá·áº á¡áá»áá¯ážáááºáá»á¬ážá áá¬ááœá±áá²?
â á¡áá¯áẠá¡áááºá¡ááœá±áž áá»áááºážááŒááºážá áá±á¬ááºáá¯á¶ážáá¬ážááẠ(deadline) áá±á¬ááºáá»ááŒááºážá á¡áá¯ááºáá¬ááẠáá¯á¶ááŸááºááẠááá¯áá»á¬ážáá¬ááŒááºážá áá¬áá°ážááá¯ážááá¯á· á¡ááœáá·áºá¡áááºáž áááºážáá«ážááŒááºáž - Time blocking ááá¯áá¬áá¬áá²?
â Time blocking ááá¯áá¬ááá±á¬á· ááá¯ááºáá¯ááºáááá·áº á¡áá¯ááºááœá±ááᯠá¡áá»áááºááá¬ážáá²ááŸá¬ á¡ááá¡áá» áááºááŸááºááŒá®áž Block (á¡ááá¯ááºáž) ááœá±á¡ááŒá Ạááœá²áᬠáá¯ááºáá±á¬ááºáá²á· á¡áá»áááºá á®áá¶ááá·áºááœá²ááŸá¯ áááºážáááºážáá áºáᯠááŒá áºáá«áááºá - To-do list áá±ážááŒááºážá
á¡áá»áá¯ážááŸááá¬áž?
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â á¡áá±ážááŒá®áž/á¡áá±ážáááŒá®áž/á¡áá»ááºááá¯/á¡áá»ááºáááᯠá ááá·áºá¡ááŒá±á¡áá±áá»á¬ážá¡ááá¯áẠá¡áá¯ááºáá»á¬ážááᯠááœá²ááŒá¬ážá á®áá¶ááŒááºážáááºážá áá ẠááŒá áºáááºá - á¡áá»áááºáá»áááºááŸáááŒááºáž (Time Auditing) ááá¯áá¬áá¬áá²?
â á¡áá»áááºáá»áááºááŸáááŒááºáž (Time Auditing) ááá¯áá¬ááá±á¬á· ááá·áºáá²á·á¡áá»áááºááœá±ááᯠáááºááá¯áá¯á¶ážá áœá²áá±áá²ááá¯áá¬ááᯠá¡áá±ážá áááºááŒá±áá¬áá¶ááŸááºáá¬ážááŒá®áž ááœá²ááŒááºážá áááºááŒá¬áá²á· áááºážáááºážáá áºáᯠááŒá áºáá«áááºá - Pomodoro Technique ááá¯áá¬áá¬áá²?
â 25 áááá Ạá¡á¬áá¯á¶á á°ážá áá¯ááºááŒá®áž á¡áá¬áž 5 áááá áºáá°ááá·áº á¡áá»áááºá á®áá¶áááºážááŒá áºáááºá - Priority ááá¯áááºááŸá¬áá¬áá²?
â á¡áá±ážááŒá®ážáá¯á¶ážá¡áá¯ááºááᯠáŠážá á¬ážáá±ážáá¯ááºááŒááºáž ááŒá áºáááºá - á¡áá»áááºá á®áá¶ááŸá¯á¡ááœáẠá¡áááááá¬áá»á°áá¬ááœá±áá¬ááœá±ááŸáááá²?
   á¡áá»áááºááŒá¯ááºážáá±áá²á· á¡áá¬ááœá±ááᯠáá»áŸá±á¬á·áá»ááŒááºáž (Time Auditingá Saying âNoâá á¡á¬áá¯á¶áá»á¶á·ááœáá·áºá á±áá²á·á¡áá¬ááœá±ááᯠáááºááŸá¬ážáá«)
 á¡ááœá²á·ááá¯áẠáá°ážáá±á«ááºážáá±á¬ááºááœááºááŒááºáž (ááá±á¬áá»ááºááœá± á á®áá¶ááá·áºááœá²ááŒááºážá á¡á ááºážá¡áá±ážááœá±ááᯠá á®á ááºááŒááºáž)
â á¡áá¯ááºáá¯ááºáá¯á¶ áááºážá áá áºáá»á¬áž á¡áá¯á¶ážááŒá¯ááŒááºáž (Time Blockingá Pomodoro Techniqueá Single-Tasking)
â á¡áá»áááºááŒá¯ááºážáá±áá²á· á¡áá¬ááœá±ááᯠáá»áŸá±á¬á·áá»ááŒááºáž (Time Auditingá Saying âNoâá á¡á¬áá¯á¶áá»á¶á·ááœáá·áºá á±áá²á·á¡áá¬ááœá±ááᯠáááºááŸá¬ážáá«)
Module 1: Introduction to HbA1c
What is Hemoglobin A1c?
Glycation process and red blood cell lifespan
Why HbA1c is used as a long-term glucose marker
Comparison with fasting glucose and OGTT
Module 2: Clinical Applications
Diagnostic criteria for diabetes and prediabetes
Monitoring glycemic control in Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes
Target HbA1c levels by age group and comorbidities
Role in treatment decisions and risk stratification
Module 3: Testing Procedure
Sample collection methods: venous draw vs. finger prick
Point-of-care testing vs. lab-based analysis
Equipment overview: glucometers, lancets, analyzers
Pre-test considerations and patient preparation
Module 4: Interpretation of Results
Normal, prediabetic, and diabetic ranges:
Normal: <5.7%
Prediabetes: 5.7â6.4%
Diabetes: â¥6.5%
Factors affecting accuracy (e.g., anemia, hemoglobin variants)
Case studies with sample lab reports
Module 5: Patient Education & Communication
Explaining results to patients
Lifestyle interventions based on HbA1c
Importance of regular monitoring
Module 6: Troubleshooting & Limitations
False positives/negatives
Impact of chronic conditions (e.g., kidney or liver disease)
Ethnic and genetic considerations (e.g., sickle cell, thalassemia)
áá®ážáá»áá¯áá±á¬áá«á á±á¬áá·áºááŒáá·áºááŸá¯á¡ááœáẠHbA1c á ááºážáááºááŒááºážááᯠáá¬ážáááºááŒááºáž
𧪠áá±á¬áºáá»á°ážáááºááœááºáá»ááº
áá®ážáá»áá¯áá±á¬áá« áá±á¬áá«ááŸá¬ááœá±ááŒááºážááŸáá·áº á á±á¬áá·áºááŒáá·áºáá¯áááŸá¯á¡ááœáẠá¡áá¯á¶ážááŒá¯áá±á¬ HbA1c á ááºážáááºááŸá¯á áááºááœááºáá»ááºá áá¯ááºáá±á¬ááºáá¯á¶á ááááºáá±á¬áºááŒáá»ááºááŸáá·áº áá±ážáááºááá¯ááºáᬠá¡áá±ážáá«ááŸá¯áá»á¬ážááᯠáááºááŒá¬ážáá±ážáááºá
ð á¡ááŒá±á¬ááºážá¡áá¬á¡áá»ááºážáá»á¯ááº
áá±á¬áºáá»á°áž á: HbA1c ááá¯áá¬áá¬áá²
Hemoglobin A1c ááá¯áá¬áá¬áá²
Glycation áá¯ááºáááºážá ááºááŸáá·áº ááœá±ážáá²áá²ááºá¡áááº
HbA1c ááᯠáá±ááŸáẠááœá±ážáá»áá¯ááááºážáá»á¯ááºááŸá¯á¡ááœáẠáá¬ááŒá±á¬áá·áºá¡áá¯á¶ážááŒá¯ááá²
Fasting glucose ááŸáá·áº OGTT ááŸáá·áº ááŸááºááŒááŒááºáž
áá±á¬áºáá»á°áž á: áá±ážáááºááá¯ááºáá¬á¡áá¯á¶ážáá»ááŸá¯
áá®ážáá»áá¯áá±á¬áá«ááŸáá·áº ááŸá±á·áá®ážáá»áá¯áá±á¬áá«á¡ááœáẠáá±á¬áá«ááŸá¬ááœá±ááŸá¯á á¶ááŸá¯ááºáž
Type 1 ááŸáá·áº Type 2 áá®ážáá»áá¯áá±á¬áá«ááœáẠHbA1c ááŒáá·áº ááááºážáá»á¯ááºááŸá¯
á¡áááºá¡ááá¯áẠHbA1c áá áºááŸááºáááºááá¯ážáá»á¬áž
áá¯áááŸá¯áá¯á¶ážááŒááºáá»ááºáá»á¬ážá¡ááœáẠá¡áá±ážáá«ááŸá¯
áá±á¬áºáá»á°áž á: á ááºážáááºááŸá¯áá¯ááºáááºážá ááº
ááœá±ážááá°áá¬áá°ááŒááºáž (venous tests vs. finger prick)
Point-of-care á ááºážáááºááŸá¯ááŸáá·áº áá¬ááºááœá²áááºážá ááºážáááºááŸá¯
á¡áá¯á¶ážááŒá¯áá±á¬áááááá¬áá»á¬áž
á ááºážáááºááŸá¯áááá¯ááºáá® ááŒááºáááºááŸá¯áá»á¬áž
áá±á¬áºáá»á°áž á: ááááºáá±á¬áºááŒáá»ááº
áá¯á¶ááŸááºá ááŸá±á·áá®ážáá»áá¯á áá®ážáá»áá¯áá±á¬áá«á¡ááá·áºáá»á¬áž
áá¯á¶ááŸááº: <5.7%
áá®ážáá»áá¯á¡ááŒáá¯á¡ááá·áº : 5.7â6.4%
áá®ážáá»áá¯: â¥6.5%
áá±á¬áºáá»á°áž á : áá°áá¬áááºááŒá¬ážááŸá¯ááŸáá·áº áááºááœááºááŸá¯
ááááºáá»á¬ážááᯠáá°áá¬áá»á¬ážááᯠááŸááºážááŒááŒááºáž
HbA1c á¡áá±á«áºá¡ááŒá±áá¶ááŒá®áž áá®ážáá»áá¯ááŸááááŸá ááœááºáá»ááºááŸá¯
áá¯á¶ááŸááºá á áºáá±ážááŸá¯á á¡áá±ážáá«ááŸá¯áá»á¬áž
áá±á¬áºáá»á°áž á: á¡ááá·áºá¡áááºáá»á¬ážááŸáá·áº ááŒá¿áá¬ááŒá±ááŸááºážááŒááºáž
ááŸá¬ážááœááºážáá±á¬ááááºáá»á¬áž
á¡ááŒá¬ážáá±á¬áá«áá»á¬ážá áááºáá±á¬ááºááŸá¯
áá°áá»áá¯ážáá±ážááŸáá·áº áá»áá¯ážáá®áááá¯ááºáá¬á¡ááŒá±á¬ááºážá¡áá¬áá»á¬áž
Performance Improvement Plan (PIP)
á¡áá¯ááºáá±á¬ááºááœááºááŸá¯ááá¯ážáááºáá±ážá¡á á®á¡á ááº
1. Intention / áááºááœááºáá»ááº
English:
The purpose of this Performance Improvement Plan is to support employees in enhancing their work performance by identifying areas of improvement and providing structured guidance. It aims to foster professional growth, accountability, and alignment with organizational goals.
Burmese:
á¡áá¯ááºáá±á¬ááºááœááºááŸá¯ááá¯ážáááºáá±ážá¡á á®á¡á ááºá áááºááœááºáá»ááºááŸá¬ áááºáááºážáá»á¬ážá á¡áá¯ááºáá±á¬ááºááœááºááŸá¯ááᯠááá¯ážáááºá¡á±á¬áẠáá°áá®áá±ážáááºááŒá áºááŒá®áž ááá¯ážáááºáááºááá¯á¡ááºáá±á¬á¡áá»ááºáá»á¬ážááᯠáá±á¬áºáá¯ááºáᬠá áá áºááá» ááœáŸááºááŒá¬ážááŸá¯áá»á¬ážáá±ážááŒááºážááŒá áºáááºá áááºážááẠááá±á¬áºáááºááŸááºáááºááá¯ážáááºááŸá¯á áá¬áááºáá°ááŸá¯ááŸáá·áº á¡ááœá²á·á¡á ááºážá áááºááŸááºážáá»ááºáá»á¬ážááŸáá·áº ááá¯ááºáá®ááŸá¯ááᯠááŒáŸáá·áºáááºááẠáááºááœááºáááºá
2. Benefit / á¡áá»áá¯ážá¡ááŒááº
English:
- Clear expectations and goals for performance
- Improved communication between employee and supervisor
- Enhanced skills and productivity
- Opportunity for career development
- Reduced performance-related conflicts
Burmese:
- á¡áá¯ááºáá±á¬ááºááœááºááŸá¯á¡ááœáẠááŸááºážáááºážáá±á¬ áá»áŸá±á¬áºááŸááºážáá»ááºáá»á¬áž
- áááºáááºážááŸáá·áº áááºáá±áá»á¬á¡ááŒá¬áž áááºááœááºááŸá¯ááá¯ážáááºááŸá¯
- áá»áœááºážáá»ááºááŸá¯ááŸáá·áº áá¯ááºáá¯ááºááŸá¯ááŒáŸáá·áºáááºááŸá¯
- á¡áá¯ááºá¡ááá¯ááºááá¯ážáááºáá±ážá¡ááœáá·áºá¡áááºáž
- á¡áá¯ááºáá±á¬ááºááœááºááŸá¯ááŸáá·áº ááá¯ááºáá±á¬ ááŒá¿áá¬áá»á¬áž áá»á±á¬á·áááºážááŒááºáž
3. Outcome / ááááº
English:
Upon successful completion of the PIP, the employee is expected to demonstrate consistent improvement in performance, meet defined objectives, and contribute positively to team and organizational success. If goals are not met, further action may be considered.
Burmese:
PIP ááᯠá¡á±á¬ááºááŒááºá áœá¬ ááŒá®ážááŒá±á¬ááºááŒá®ážáá±á¬áẠáááºáááºážááẠá¡áá¯ááºáá±á¬ááºááœááºááŸá¯á¡ááœáẠááá¯ážáááºááŸá¯ááᯠáááŒááºážááŒááºážááŒáááá¯ááºááááºá áááºááŸááºáá¬ážáá±á¬ áááºááŸááºážáá»ááºáá»á¬ážááᯠááŒáá·áºáá®á áœá¬ áá±á¬ááºááœááºááá¯ááºááŒá®áž á¡ááœá²á·ááŸáá·áº á¡ááœá²á·á¡á ááºážá¡á±á¬ááºááŒááºááŸá¯á¡ááœáẠá¡áá»áá¯ážááŒá¯ááá¯ááºááááºá áááºááŸááºážáá»ááºáá»á¬áž áááŒáá·áºáá®áá«á áá±á¬ááºááẠáá¯ááºáá±á¬ááºáá»ááºáá»á¬ážááᯠá ááºážá á¬ážááá¯ááºáááºá
4. Implementation / á¡áá±á¬ááºá¡áááºáá±á¬áºááŒááºáž
English:
- Step 1: Assessment â Identify performance gaps through feedback and evaluation.
- Step 2: Goal Setting â Define SMART goals (Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant, Time-bound).
- Step 3: Support & Resources â Provide training, mentorship, and tools.
- Step 4: Monitoring â Regular check-ins and progress reviews.
- Step 5: Evaluation â Final review to determine success and next steps.
Burmese:
- á¡ááá·áº á: áá¯á¶ážáááºááŒááºáž â á¡áá¯ááºáá±á¬ááºááœááºááŸá¯á¡ááœáẠááá¯á¡ááºáá»ááºáá»á¬ážááᯠáá¯á¶ážáááºáá»ááºááŸáá·áº áá¯á¶á·ááŒááºáá»ááºáá»á¬ážááŸáá áºááá·áº áá±á¬áºáá¯ááºááŒááºážá
- á¡ááá·áº á: áááºááŸááºážáá»ááºáááºááŸááºááŒááºáž â SMART áááºááŸááºážáá»ááºáá»á¬áž (áá±áá»á¬áá±á¬á ááá¯ááºážáá¬ááá¯ááºáá±á¬á ááŒáá·áºáá®ááá¯ááºáá±á¬á áááºááá¯ááºáá±á¬á á¡áá»áááºááá·áºáááºáá¬ážáá±á¬) ááᯠáááºááŸááºááŒááºážá
- á¡ááá·áº á: áá±á¬ááºáá¶á·ááŸá¯ááŸáá·áº á¡áááºážá¡ááŒá áºáá»á¬áž â áá±á·áá»áá·áºáá±ážá áŠážáá±á¬ááºááŸá¯ááŸáá·áº ááá¯á¡ááºáá±á¬áááááá¬áá»á¬ážáá±ážááŒááºážá
- á¡ááá·áº á: á á±á¬áá·áºááŒáá·áºááŒááºáž â áá¯á¶ááŸááºá á áºáá±ážááŸá¯ááŸáá·áº ááá¯ážáááºááŸá¯áá¯á¶ážáááºááŒááºážá
- á¡ááá·áº á : áááºááŒáá¯á¶ážáááºááŒááºáž â á¡á±á¬ááºááŒááºááŸá¯ááŸáá·áº áá±á¬ááºááẠáá¯ááºáá±á¬ááºáááºá¡ááœáẠáááá¯á¶ážáá»á¯ááºáá¯á¶ážáááºááŒááºážá
ð¯ Learning Objectives
By the end of this module, learners will be able to:
Explain the anatomy and physiology of the kidneys.
Describe the purpose and clinical importance of renal function tests (RFTs).
Identify common renal function tests and their normal reference ranges.
Interpret basic results and correlate with possible clinical conditions.
Recognize limitations and pre-analytical considerations of RFTs.
Module 1: Introduction to Renal Physiology
Topics Covered:
Overview of the urinary system
Kidney anatomy: nephron structure & function
Key renal processes: filtration, reabsorption, secretion, excretion
Role of kidneys in homeostasis (water balance, electrolytes, acid-base balance)
Interactive Component:
3D animation of nephron structure and filtration process
Drag-and-drop labeling of nephron parts
Module 2: Overview of Renal Function Tests
Topics Covered:
Definition and purpose of RFTs
Clinical indications for ordering RFTs
Types of RFTs: blood tests, urine tests, imaging (brief mention)
Interactive Component:
Case-based scenarios: "When would you order an RFT?"
Module 3: Blood Tests for Renal Function
Topics Covered:
Serum Creatinine: production, clearance, reference range
Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN): significance, BUN/Creatinine ratio
Electrolytes: Naâº, Kâº, Clâ», HCOââ»
Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR): calculation & staging CKD
Interactive Component:
Virtual lab results interpretation
MCQs on identifying abnormal values
Module 4: Urine Tests for Renal Function
Topics Covered:
Urinalysis: appearance, pH, specific gravity, proteinuria, hematuria
24-hour urine collection: protein, creatinine clearance
Microalbuminuria: early marker of kidney damage
Interactive Component:
Image-based quiz: interpreting urine strip test results
Module 5: Clinical Correlation & Interpretation
Topics Covered:
Patterns of RFT abnormalities in common conditions:
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)
Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)
Pre-renal vs intrinsic vs post-renal failure
Correlation of lab results with patient symptoms
Interactive Component:
Case simulations: Diagnose based on patient data & lab reports
Module 6: Pre-analytical and Analytical Considerations
Topics Covered:
Factors affecting test results (diet, medications, hydration)
Sample collection guidelines
Limitations of RFTs
Interactive Component:
Interactive checklist for correct specimen collection
áá»á±á¬ááºáááºáá¯ááºáá±á¬ááºááŸá¯ á ááºážáááºááŸá¯ ááááºáááº
ð¯ áá±á·áá¬áááá·áº áááºááœááºáá»ááºáá»á¬áž
áá®áááºáááºážá á¬ááŒá®ážáá¯á¶ážáá»áááºááŸá¬ áááºáááºážáá¬ážáá»á¬ážááẠâ
áá»á±á¬ááºáááºá ááá¹áá¬áá±áááŸáá·áº áá¯ááºáá±á¬ááºáá¯á¶ááᯠááŸááºážááŒááá¯ááºáá«áááá·áºáááºá
áá»á±á¬ááºáááºáá¯ááºáá±á¬ááºááŸá¯ á ááºážáááºááŸá¯ (RFTs) á áááºááœááºáá»ááºááŸáá·áº áá±ážáááºááá¯ááºáᬠá¡áá±ážáá«ááŸá¯ááᯠáá±á¬áºááŒááá¯ááºáá«áááá·áºáááºá
á¡ááœá±ááœá± RFT á ááºážáááºááŸá¯áá»á¬ážá áá¬ááẠá¡ááá¯ááºá¡áá»ááºáá»á¬ážááᯠááœá²ááŒá¬ážááá¯ááºáá«áááá·áºáááºá
ááááºáá»á¬ážááᯠá¡ááŒá±áá¶á¡ááŒá Ạáá¯á¶ážáááºááá¯ááºááŒá®áž áá±áá¬áá»ááá¯ááºáá«áááá·áºáááºá
á ááºážáááºááŸá¯áá»á¬ážá ááá·áºáááºáá»ááºáá»á¬ážááŸáá·áº áŠážáááºáá¬áá»á¬ážááᯠá¡áááá±ážááá¯ááºáá«áááá·áºáááºá
áá±á¬áºáá»á°áž á â áá»á±á¬ááºáááºááá¹áá¬áá±á ááááºáááº
áá«áááºáá±á¬ á¡ááŒá±á¬ááºážá¡áá¬áá»á¬áž:
ááá¯á·ááá¯áẠáá®ážáá»á±á¬ááºá áá Ạá¡áá»ááºážáá»á¯ááº
áá»á±á¬ááºáááºááá¹áá¬áá±á â áá±áááœááºá¡á áááºá¡ááá¯ááºážáá»á¬áž
á¡ááááá¯ááºáá±á¬ááºáá»ááºáá»á¬áž â á á áºáá¯ááºááŒááºážá ááŒááºáááºá á¯ááºáá°ááŒááºážá áá®ážááŒá¬ážááŒááºážá áááºááŸá¬ážááŒááºáž
áá±áá»áááºááŸáá á¡á®áááºáááœáá¯ááá¯ááºá á¡ááºá á áº-á¡ááºááºáá¬ááá¯ááºážááŸáááŒááºáž
á¡ááŒááºá¡ááŸáẠáá±á·áá¬ááŸá¯:
áá±áááœáẠ3D animation
áá±áááœááºá¡á áááºá¡ááá¯ááºážáá»á¬ážááᯠDrag & Drop ááŒáá·áº ááœá²ááŒá¬ážááŒááºáž
áá±á¬áºáá»á°áž á â áá»á±á¬ááºáááºáá¯ááºáá±á¬ááºááŸá¯ á ááºážáááºááŸá¯ á¡áá»ááºážáá»á¯ááº
áá«áááºáá±á¬ á¡ááŒá±á¬ááºážá¡áá¬áá»á¬áž:
RFT ááá¯áá¬áá¬áá²
RFT ááŒá¯áá¯ááºááẠááá¯á¡ááºáá²á· á¡ááŒá±á¡áá±áá»á¬áž
á ááºážáááºááŸá¯ á¡áá»áá¯ážá¡á á¬ážáá»á¬áž â ááœá±ážá ááºážáááºááŸá¯á áá®ážá ááºážáááºááŸá¯á áá¬ááºáá¯á¶á ááºážáááºááŸá¯ (á¡áá»ááºážáá»á¯ááº)
á¡ááŒááºá¡ááŸáẠáá±á·áá¬ááŸá¯:
"áááºá¡áá»áááºááŸá¬ RFT áá¯ááºááá²" ááá¯áá²á· Scenario-based áá±á·áá»áá·áºáááºáž
áá±á¬áºáá»á°áž á â ááœá±ážá ááºážáááºááŸá¯áá»á¬áž
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Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) â á¡áááá¹áá«ááºá BUN/Creatinine Ratio
Electrolytes â Naâº, Kâº, Clâ», HCOââ»
eGFR â ááœááºáá»ááºáá¯á¶á CKD Stage ááœá²ááŒá¬ážáá¯á¶
á¡ááŒááºá¡ááŸáẠáá±á·áá¬ááŸá¯:
Virtual Lab Result áá¯á¶ážáááºááŒááºáž
MCQ áá±ážááœááºážáá»á¬áž
áá±á¬áºáá»á°áž á â áá®ážá ááºážáááºááŸá¯áá»á¬áž
áá«áááºáá±á¬ á¡ááŒá±á¬ááºážá¡áá¬áá»á¬áž:
Urinalysis â á¡áá±á¬ááºá pH, Specific Gravity, Proteinuria, Hematuria
24-hr urine collection â Protein, Creatinine Clearance
Microalbuminuria â áá»á±á¬ááºáááºáá»ááºá á®ážá ááá·áº á¡á á±á¬áá¯á¶ážááŒ
á¡ááŒááºá¡ááŸáẠáá±á·áá¬ááŸá¯:
Urine Strip Test Result áááºááŸá¯á ááœá²ááŒá¬ážááŒááºáž
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áá«áááºáá±á¬ á¡ááŒá±á¬ááºážá¡áá¬áá»á¬áž:
RFT áááẠPattern áá»á¬áž â
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)
Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)
Pre-renal vs Intrinsic vs Post-renal Failure
ááááºáá»á¬ážááᯠáá°áá¬ááá¹ááá¬áá»á¬ážááŸáá·áº áá»áááºáááºááŒááºáž
á¡ááŒááºá¡ááŸáẠáá±á·áá¬ááŸá¯:
Case Study â Lab Data á¡ááŒá±áá¶áá°áᬠááœá²ááŒá¬ážááŒááºáž
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áá«áááºáá±á¬ á¡ááŒá±á¬ááºážá¡áá¬áá»á¬áž:
á ááºážáááºááŸá¯ ááááºááᯠááááá¯ááºá á±ááá¯ááºáá±á¬ á¡ááŒá±á¬ááºážá¡áá¬áá»á¬áž â á¡á á¬ážá¡á á¬á áá±ážáá«ážá áá±áá¬ááº
Sample Collection Guide
RFT á¡áááºá·á¡áááºáá»á¬áž
á¡ááŒááºá¡ááŸáẠáá±á·áá¬ááŸá¯:
Specimen Collection Checklist
ð E-Learning Module: Navigation-GPS and Basic Handheld GPS
ð English Version
Navigation-GPS
Navigation-GPS is the use of the Global Positioning System (GPS) for guiding movement and finding directions from one location to another.
Found in cars, airplanes, ships, smartphones.
Provides routes, distance, speed, estimated travel time, and traffic updates.
Essential for transportation, logistics, and travel safety.
ð Example: Google Maps in smartphones, or in-car GPS devices.
Basic Handheld GPS
A Handheld GPS is a portable device that allows users to know their exact geographic location using satellite signals.
Displays latitude, longitude, and altitude.
Allows saving of waypoints (specific locations).
Can record tracks (the path traveled).
Does not require internet, only satellite connection.
Used in hiking, field surveying, forestry, military, and outdoor navigation.
ð Example: Garmin handheld GPS.
ð Myanmar Version (ááŒááºáá¬áá¬áá¬)
Navigation-GPS (áááºážááœáŸáẠGPS)
Navigation-GPS ááẠGlobal Positioning System (GPS) ááᯠá¡áá¯á¶ážááŒá¯ááŒá®áž áá áºáá±áá¬á០áá±á¬ááºáá áºáá±áá¬ááá¯á· áááºážááœáŸááºááẠá¡áá¯á¶ážááŒá¯áááºá
áá¬ážá áá±áá¬ááºá áááºá¹áá±á¬á á áááºáá¯ááºážáá»á¬áž ááœáẠááœá±á·ááááºá
áááºážááŒá±á¬ááºážá á¡ááœá¬á¡áá±ážá á¡ááŒááºááŸá¯ááºážá ááá®ážááœá¬ážáá»áááºááá·áºááŸááºážá áááºážáá±á«áºááááºááá¯á·ááŸá¯ á¡áá»ááºá¡ááẠááá¯á·ááᯠáá±ážááá¯ááºáááºá
áááºáá°ááá¯á·áá±á¬ááºáá±ážá áá¯ááºáááºážáááºáá°ááá¯á·áá±á¬ááºááŸá¯á ááá®ážááœá¬áž áá¯á¶ááŒá¯á¶áá±áž á¡ááœáẠá¡áá±ážááŒá®ážáááºá
ð á¥ááᬠ- Google Maps, áá¬ážáá² GPS device.
Basic Handheld GPS (áááºááá¯áẠGPS)
Basic Handheld GPS ááẠáááºáá²áááºááá¯ááºááá·áº áá±á«á·áá«ážá áœá¬ áááºáá®ážáá¬ážáá±á¬ áááááᬠááŒá áºááŒá®áž á¡áááºááŒáŸá±á¬áẠá¡áá»ááºá¡áááºáá»á¬ážááᯠá¡áá¯á¶ážááŒá¯ááŒá®áž ááá·áº áááá»áá±á¬ áááºáá±áᬠááᯠááŒáá±ážáááºá
ááá¹áá®áá»á¯á áá±á¬ááºáá»á®áá»á¯á á¡áááá·áºá¡ááŒáá·áº ááᯠááŒáá±ážááá¯ááºáááºá
Waypoints (áááºáá±áá¬ááŸááºáááºážáá»á¬áž) ááᯠááááºážáááºážááá¯ááºáááºá
Track (ááœá¬ážáá²á·áá±á¬ áááºážááŒá±á¬ááºáž) ááᯠááŸááºáááºážáááºááá¯ááºáááºá
Internet áááá¯á¡ááºáá«á á¡áááºááŒáŸá±á¬áẠá¡áá»ááºá¡áááºáᬠááá¯á¡ááºáááºá
áá±á¬ááŸá±áá¬ážá ááŒá±ááŒáẠSurveyingá áá áºáá±á¬á á á áºáá±ážá ááá®ážááœá¬áž á¡ááŒááºáááºážáááºážááœáŸááºááŸá¯ áá»á¬ážááœáẠá¡áá¯á¶ážááŒá¯áááºá
ð á¥ááᬠ- Garmin handheld GPS.
2. ð¥ YouTube Learning Link
Suggested resource:
ð How GPS Works - Navigation and Handheld GPS
3. â FAQs (10 with Dual Translation)
What is Navigation-GPS?
Eng: A GPS system used mainly for route guidance and driving directions.
MM: Navigation-GPS ááẠáááºážááœáŸááºáááºááŸáá·áº áá¬ážáá±á¬ááºáž áááºážááŒá±á¬ááºážááŸá¬ááœá±ááẠá¡áá¯á¶ážááŒá¯ááá·áº GPS ááŒá áºáááºá
What is a Handheld GPS?
Eng: A portable device that shows your exact location using satellites.
MM: Handheld GPS ááẠááá·áºáááá»áá±á¬ áááºáá±áá¬ááᯠá¡áááºááŒáŸá±á¬ááºáá»á¬ážá០ááŒááá±ážáá±á¬ áááºááá¯ááºáááááᬠááŒá áºáááºá
Does a Handheld GPS need internet?
Eng: No, it only requires satellite signals.
MM: áááá¯á¡ááºáá«á á¡áááºááŒáŸá±á¬áẠá¡áá»ááºá¡áááºáᬠááá¯á¡ááºáááºá
What are waypoints?
Eng: Specific saved locations on the GPS device.
MM: GPS áááááá¬áá²ááœáẠááááºážáááºážáá¬ážááá·áº áááá»áá±á¬ áááºáá±áá¬áá»á¬áž ááŒá áºáááºá
What are tracks?
Eng: The recorded path you have traveled.
MM: ááẠááœá¬ážáá²á·áá±á¬ áááºážááŒá±á¬ááºážááᯠááŸááºáááºážáááºáá¬ážááŒááºáž ááŒá áºáááºá
Where is Navigation-GPS used most?
Eng: In cars, mobile apps, aviation, and shipping.
MM: áá¬ážáá»á¬ážá ááá¯ááá¯ááºážá¡ááºááºáá»á¬ážá áá±ááŒá±á¬ááºážá áááºá¹áá±á¬ááá¯á·áá±á¬ááºáá±ážáá»á¬ážááœáẠá¡áá¯á¶ážáá»á¬ážáááºá
Where is Handheld GPS commonly used?
Eng: Hiking, fieldwork, forestry, surveying, and outdoor navigation.
MM: áá±á¬ááŸá±áá¬ážá ááŒá±ááŒááºáá¯ááºáááºážá áá áºáá±á¬á Surveyingá á¡ááŒááºáááºáž áááºážááœáŸááºááŸá¯áá»á¬ážááœáẠá¡áá¯á¶ážáá»á¬ážáááºá
Can GPS work indoors?
Eng: Rarely, because it needs a clear sky.
MM: áá»á¬ážáá±á¬á¡á¬ážááŒáá·áº ááá¯ááºááá¯ááºáá«á ááá¯ážáá±á¬ááºážááẠááŒááºáá¬ááááºá
What affects GPS accuracy?
Eng: Tall buildings, trees, bad weather, and weak satellite signals.
MM: á¡áá±á¬ááºá¡áŠážááŒáá·áºáá»á¬ážá áá áºáááºáá»á¬ážá ááá¯ážáá±ááááá±á¬ááºážááŸá¯á á¡áááºááŒáŸá±á¬áẠá¡áá»ááºá¡ááẠá¡á¬ážáááºážááŸá¯ááá¯á· ááŒá áºáááºá
Why is GPS important today?
Eng: It improves navigation, safety, and efficiency in daily life.
MM: áááºážááẠáá±á·á ááºááááœáẠáááºážááœáŸááºááŸá¯á áá¯á¶ááŒá¯á¶áá±ážááŸáá·áº áááá±á¬ááºááŸá¯ááᯠááá¯ážáááºá á±áááºá
ð E-Learning Module: Survey Instrument â Understanding Customer Needs
1. Reading Material (Dual Language â A4, 2 Pages)
English Version
Introduction
Understanding customer needs is essential in the survey instrument industry. Customers come from different sectorsâconstruction, mining, agriculture, GIS mapping, and researchâand each has unique requirements.
Key Steps in Understanding Customer Needs
Identify the Application â Ask what the customer will use the instrument for (land surveying, road construction, GIS, agriculture).
Budget Considerations â Offer solutions that balance accuracy and cost.
Accuracy Level â Some projects require millimeter precision (engineering surveys), while others only need approximate data (agriculture mapping).
Ease of Use â Beginners may prefer simple GPS or auto-levels; professionals may prefer total stations or laser scanners.
Environment Conditions â Outdoor rugged areas need durable, waterproof instruments.
After-Sales Service â Customers often need calibration, training, and technical support.
Matching Instruments to Customer Needs
Tape & Compass â For basic, low-budget measurements.
Auto Level â For leveling in construction.
Theodolite â For angle measurements in engineering.
Total Station â For precise land and building surveys.
GPS/GNSS â For positioning and GIS data.
Drone (UAV) â For aerial surveys of large areas.
Laser Scanner â For 3D mapping and monitoring structures.
Conclusion
Understanding customer needs is about asking the right questions and providing the most suitable instrument for their project.
Myanmar Version (ááŒááºáá¬áá¬áá¬)
áááá«ááºáž
Survey Instrument á¡áá±á¬ááºážáá¯ááºáááºážááœáẠáá±á¬ááºáááºá ááá¯á¡ááºáá»ááºáá»á¬ážááᯠáá¬ážáááºááŒááºážááẠá¡áá±ážááŒá®ážáááºá áá±á¬ááºáááºáá»á¬ážááẠáá±á¬ááºáá¯ááºáá±ážá ááá¶áá¬áá á áá¯ááºáá»áá¯ážáá±ážá GIS ááŒá±áá¯á¶ááœá²ááŒááºážááŸáá·áº áá¯áá±ááááá¹ááá»á¬ážá០áá¬ááŒááŒá®áž ááá¯á¡ááºáá»ááºáá»á¬áž ááœá²ááŒá¬ážáá±áááºá
áá±á¬ááºááẠááá¯á¡ááºáá»áẠáá¬ážáááºááẠá¡ááá á¡ááá·áºáá»á¬áž
á¡áá¯á¶ážááŒá¯ááá·áºáá±áá¬ááᯠáááºááŸááºááẠâ ááŒá±ááá¯ááºážáá¬ááŒááºážá áááºážáá±á¬ááºááŒááºážá GISá á áá¯ááºáá»áá¯ážáá±áž á áááŒáá·áºá
áááºáá»ááºá¡áá±á¡ááœáẠâ áááá»ááŸá¯ááŸáá·áºáá¯ááºáá»á ááááºááᯠááŸáááŸáá¯ááºážáá±ážáááºá
áááá»ááŸá¯ááá¯ááºážááá¯á¡ááºáá»áẠâ á¡ááºáá»ááºáá®áá¬á¡áá¯ááºáá»á¬ážá¡ááœáẠáá®áá®áá®áá¬áááá»ááŸá¯ááá¯á¡ááºááá¯ááºáá±á¬áºáááºáž á áá¯ááºáá»áá¯ážáá±ážá¡ááœáẠááá·áºááŸááºážáá»ááºáᬠááá¯á¡ááºááá¯ááºáááºá
á¡áá¯á¶ážáá»ááẠá¡áááºááŒá±ááŸá¯ â á áááºáá±á·áá¬áá°áá»á¬ážá¡ááœáẠGPS ááá¯á·ááá¯áẠAuto Level áá±á¬ááºážááŒá®áž á¡ááœá±á·ááŒá¯á¶ááŸááá°áá»á¬ážá¡ááœáẠTotal Station ááá¯á·ááá¯áẠLaser Scanner áá±á¬ááºážáááºá
áááºáááºážáá»ááºá¡ááŒá±á¡áá± â á¡ááŒááºá¡áááºáá»á¬ážááœáẠááá¯ááºáá¶á·ááŒá®áž áá±áá ááá·áºáá±á¬ áááááá¬ááá¯á¡ááºáááºá
á¡ááŒá®ážááẠáááºáá±á¬ááºááŸá¯ â áá±á¬ááºáááºáá»á¬ážááẠTraining, Calibration, Technical Support ááá¯á¡ááºáááºá
áá±á¬ááºáááºááá¯á¡ááºáá»ááºááŸáá·áº áááááᬠááá¯ááºáá®á á±ááŒááºáž
Tape & Compass â á¡ááŒá±áá¶ááá¯ááºážáá¬ááŸá¯áá»á¬ážá¡ááœááºá
Auto Level â áá±á¬ááºáá¯ááºáá±ážááœáẠá¡ááŒáá·áºáá»áááºááœááºáááºá
Theodolite â á¡ááºáá»ááºáá®áá¬á¡áá¯ááºááœáẠáá±á¬áá·áºááá¯ááºážáá¬áááºá
Total Station â ááŒá±ááŒááºááŸáá·áº á¡áá±á¬ááºá¡áŠážááá¯ááºážáá¬áá¬ááœáẠáááá»ááŸá¯ááŒáá·áºá áœá¬ á¡áá¯á¶ážááŒá¯áááºá
GPS/GNSS â áááá»áá±á¬ áááºáá±áá¬ááŸáá·áº GIS Data ááá°áááºá
Drone (UAV) â ááŒá®ážáá¬ážáá±á¬ á§áááá¬áá»á¬ážááᯠáá±áááºááŒáá·áºá០Survey ááŒá¯áááºá
Laser Scanner â 3D ááŒá±áá¯á¶ááœá²ááŒááºážááŸáá·áº á¡áá±á¬ááºá¡áŠážá¡ááŒá±á¡áá±áá»á¬áž á á±á¬áá·áºááŒáá·áºáááºá
áááá¯á¶ážáá»á¯ááº
áá±á¬ááºáááºááá¯á¡ááºáá»ááºááᯠáá¬ážáááºáááºááá¯áááºááŸá¬ áá±ážááŒááºážááŸá¯áá¯á¶á á¶ááŸááºááŒá®áž á¡áá»áá¯ážááŸáá áœá¬ ááá¯ááºáá®áá±á¬ Survey Instrument ááᯠáááºáááºáá±ážááŒááºážááŒá áºáááºá
2. Suggested YouTube Link
ð Understanding Customer Needs in Surveying Instruments
3. FAQs (10 with Dual Language)
Why is understanding customer needs important?
â To recommend the right instrument.
â áá±á¬ááºáááºááá¯á¡ááºáá»ááºááᯠáá¬ážáááºáááºááẠááŸááºáááºáá±á¬ áááááá¬ááᯠáááºááŒááá¯ááºááẠá¡áá±ážááŒá®ážáááºáWhat questions should you ask a customer first?
â What project are they working on?
â áá±á¬ááºáááºá¡áá¯ááºááá¹áááᯠá¡áááºáá±ážááá·áºáááºáDoes budget affect instrument choice?
â Yes, cost vs. accuracy must be balanced.
â áá¯ááºáááºá áá¯ááºáá»á ááááºááŸáá·áº áááá»ááŸá¯ááᯠááŸáááŸáá¯ááºážááẠááá¯á¡ááºáááºáWhich instrument suits small construction sites?
â Auto Level.
â Auto Level áá¯á¶ážáááºá¡áááºááŒá±áááºáWhich instrument suits cadastral surveys?
â Total Station.
â Total Station áá¯á¶ážáááºá¡áááºááŒá±áááºáWhen is GPS/GNSS better than a Total Station?
â For wide-area mapping.
â áá»ááºááŒáá·áºáá±á¬ á§áááá¬áá»á¬ážá¡ááœáẠGPS/GNSS ááá·áºáá±á¬áºáááºáWho needs laser scanners most?
â Engineers needing 3D models.
â 3D áá±á¬áºáááºááá¯á¡ááºáá±á¬ á¡ááºáá»ááºáá®áá¬áá»á¬ážáWhy is after-sales support important?
â Customers need training and calibration.
â Training ááŸáá·áº Calibration á¡ááœáẠáááºáá±á¬ááºááŸá¯ááá¯á¡ááºáááºáWhen do customers prefer handheld GPS?
â For simple navigation and mapping.
â ááœááºáá°áá±á¬ ááááºááŒááºážááŸáá·áº ááŒá±áá¯á¶ááœá²ááŒááºážá¡ááœááºáWhat builds customer trust?
â Understanding their needs and offering the best solution.
â ááá¯á¡ááºáá»ááºáá¬ážáááºááŒá®áž á¡áá±á¬ááºážáá¯á¶ážááŒá±ááŸááºážáá»ááºáá±ážááŒááºážá
ð E-Learning Module: Real-Time Kinematic (RTK) and How It Works
1. Reading Material
ð¡ What is RTK?
English: Real-Time Kinematic (RTK) is a high-precision GNSS/GPS positioning technique that provides centimeter-level accuracy in real time by using correction data from a base station.
ááŒááºáá¬: Real-Time Kinematic (RTK) ááá¯áááºááŸá¬ GNSS/GPS áááá»ááŸá¯ááᯠááŒáŸáá·áºáááºáá±ážááŒá®áž Base Station á áá±ážááá¯á·áá²á· Correction Data ááŒá±á¬áá·áº Real-time á¡ááœááºáž á ááºáá®áá®áá¬á¡ááá·áº áááá»ááŸá¯ áááŸáá á±áá±á¬ áááºážááá¬ááŒá áºáááºá
âïž How RTK Works?
English: RTK requires two GNSS receivers:
Base Station: Placed at a fixed, known point. It receives satellite signals, calculates errors, and transmits correction data.
Rover Receiver: Moves in the field, receives both satellite signals and correction data, and applies corrections for centimeter accuracy.
ááŒááºáá¬: RTK ááẠGNSS Receiver ááŸá áºáá¯ááá¯á¡ááºááẠâ
Base Station: áááá»ááŸááºáááºáá±á¬ á¡áá»ááºá¡áááºááŸááá±áá¬áá áºáá¯ááœáẠáááºáááºááŒá®áž Satellite Signal ááᯠáááºáá¶áᬠError ááœá±ááœááºááŒá®áž Correction Data áá±ážááá¯á·áááºá
Rover Receiver: Survey áá±áá¬ááœáẠáááºáá±á¬ááºáá¯á¶ážááŒá®áž Satellite Signal ááŸáá·áº Correction Data ááᯠáááºáá¶áᬠReal-time á¡ááœáẠá ááºáá®áá®áá¬á¡ááá·áº áááá»ááŸá¯áá á±áááºá
ð ïž Applications of RTK
English:
Land surveying
Construction layout
Precision agriculture
Drone (UAV) mapping
Machine guidance
Utility & pipeline projects
ááŒááºáá¬:
ááŒá±ááá¯ááºážáá¬áá±áž
áá±á¬ááºáá¯ááºáá±áž Layout
áááá»á áá¯ááºáá»áá¯ážáá±áž
Drone (UAV) Mapping
á ááºá¡áá¯á¶ážá¡áá¯ááºáá»á¬áž
Utility & Pipeline Project áá»á¬áž
ð Summary
English: RTK = GNSS + Base Station + Rover + Correction Data â Real-time centimeter accuracy.
ááŒááºáá¬: RTK = GNSS + Base Station + Rover + Correction Data â Real-time á ááºáá®áá®áá¬á¡ááá·áº áááá»ááŸá¯á
2. YouTube Link
ð¥ What is RTK GNSS? (Explained Simply)
3. FAQs (10 with Dual Language Answers)
Q: What does RTK stand for?
EN: Real-Time Kinematic
MM: Real-Time Kinematic ááᯠáááºááœáŸááºážáááºá
Q: What accuracy can RTK achieve?
EN: 1â2 cm in real time
MM: Real-time ááœáẠ1â2 á ááºáá®áá®áá¬á¡ááá·áº áááá»ááŸá¯áááá¯ááºáááºá
Q: What equipment is required for RTK?
EN: A base station and a rover receiver
MM: Base Station ááŸáá·áº Rover Receiver ááá¯á·ááá¯á¡ááºáááºá
Q: How is correction data transmitted?
EN: Radio, cellular internet, or NTRIP
MM: Radio, Cellular Internet ááá¯á·ááá¯áẠNTRIP ááŒáá·áº áá±ážááá¯á·áááºá
Q: Can RTK be used with drones?
EN: Yes, for precision aerial mapping
MM: áá¯ááºáá«áááºá á¡áá»áá¯ážáá» ááŒá±áá¯á¶ááœá²áá¬ááœáẠá¡áá¯á¶ážááŒá¯áááºá
Q: Why is a base station important?
EN: It provides error correction data
MM: Error Correction Data áá±ážááá¯á·ááẠá¡áá±ážááŒá®ážáááºá
Q: What is the accuracy of normal GPS?
EN: 2â5 meters
MM: áá¯á¶ááŸáẠGPS accuracy ááẠ2â5 áá®áᬠááŒá áºáááºá
Q: What is NTRIP in RTK?
EN: A method to transmit correction data over the internet
MM: Correction Data ááᯠInternet ááŸáááá·áº áá±ážááá¯á·áá²á· áááºážáááºážááŒá áºáááºá
Q: Which industries use RTK most?
EN: Surveying, agriculture, construction
MM: Survey, á áá¯ááºáá»áá¯ážáá±ážá áá±á¬ááºáá¯ááºáá±áž á¡áá¯ááºáá»á¬ážááœáẠá¡áá¯á¶ážáá»á¬ážáááºá
Q: Is RTK better than normal GPS?
EN: Yes, it is much more precise
MM: áá¯ááºáá«áááºá áá¯á¶ááŸáẠGPS ááẠá¡ááœáẠáááá»áááºá
ð E-Learning Module: Total Station vs. GNSS Receiver
1. Reading MaterialÂ
ð Introduction
English:
Surveying technology has advanced significantly, and two of the most widely used instruments are the Total Station and the GNSS Receiver. Both are powerful tools but serve different purposes depending on accuracy needs, site conditions, and project requirements.
ááŒááºáá¬:
Survey áááºážááá¬ááẠá¡ááá·áºááŒáá·áºáá¬ááŒá®áž á¡áá»á¬ážáá¯á¶áž á¡áá¯á¶ážáá»á¬ážáá±á¬ áááááá¬ááŸá áºáá»áá¯ážááŸá¬ Total Station ááŸáá·áº GNSS Receiver ááŒá áºáááºá ááŸá áºáá¯á áá¯á¶áž á¡áá±ážáá«áá±á¬áºáááºáž áááá»ááŸá¯ááá¯á¡ááºáá»ááºá áá±áá¬á¡ááŒá±á¡áá±á Project ááá¯á¡ááºáá»ááºá¡áá±á«áº áá°áááºá á¡áá¯á¶ážááŒá¯ááááºá
ðïž What is a Total Station?
English:
A Total Station is an electronic instrument that combines a theodolite with an electronic distance meter (EDM). It measures angles and distances precisely, making it ideal for construction layout, boundary surveys, and topographic mapping.
ááŒááºáá¬:
Total Station ááẠTheodolite ááŸáá·áº Electronic Distance Meter (EDM) ááᯠáá±á«ááºážá ááºáá¬ážáá±á¬ á¡á®áááºááá±á¬áá áºáááááá¬ááŒá áºáááºá á¡áááá·áºáá¯á¶áž áááá»á áœá¬ áá±á¬áá·áºááŸáá·áº á¡ááœá¬á¡áá±ážááᯠááá¯ááºážáá¬ááá¯ááºááŒá®áž áá±á¬ááºáá¯ááºáá±áž Layoutá ááŒá±á áœááºáž á¡ááá¯ááºážá¡áá¬áá»á¬ážá ááŒá±áá¯á¶ááœá²áá¬ááœáẠá¡ááœáẠááá·áºáá±á¬áºáááºá
ð¡ What is a GNSS Receiver?
English:
A GNSS Receiver (Global Navigation Satellite System) uses satellite signals to determine precise coordinates anywhere on Earth. Modern RTK GNSS can achieve centimeter accuracy, making it useful for large-area mapping, infrastructure, and monitoring.
ááŒááºáá¬:
GNSS Receiver (Global Navigation Satellite System) ááẠááŒáá¯ááºáá¯áááºááœááºááŸá¯ááᯠá¡áá¯á¶ážááŒá¯ááŒá®áž ááá¹áá¬áá±á«áº ááá·áº áá±áá¬ááá¯ááºážááœáẠáááá»ááá·áº Coordinates ááá°ááá¯ááºáááºá á¡áá±ááºáá ẠRTK GNSS ááẠá ááºáá®áá®áá¬á¡ááá·áº áááá»ááŸá¯ áááá¯ááºáááŒáá·áº áá»ááºááŒáá·áºáá±á¬ ááŒá±áá¯á¶ááœá²á á¡ááŒá±áá¶á¡áá±á¬ááºá¡á¡á¯á¶á Monitor áá¯ááºáá¬ááœáẠá¡áá¯á¶ážáá»á¬ážáááºá
âïž Comparison: Total Station vs. GNSS Receiver
| Feature | Total Station | GNSS Receiver |
|---|---|---|
| Accuracy | Very high (mmâcm) | High (cm with RTK) |
| Environment | Works well even under trees/buildings | Needs open sky |
| Setup | Requires tripod, leveling, target prism | Easy, portable |
| Speed | Slower for large areas | Faster for large coverage |
| Best Use | Construction layout, boundary survey | Large mapping, agriculture, monitoring |
ááŒááºáá¬:
| á¡áá»áẠ| Total Station | GNSS Receiver |
|---|---|---|
| áááá»ááŸá¯ | á¡ááœááºáááá» (mmâcm) | áááá» (RTK áá²á· cm) |
| áááºáááºážáá»áẠ| á¡áá±á¬ááºá¡áŠážá áá áºááẠá¡á±á¬ááºááœáẠáá¯á¶ážááá¯áẠ| ááá¯ážáá±á¬ááºážááẠááœáá·áºááŸá áºáá¬ážáááẠ|
| áááºáááºááŸá¯ | Tripodá Levelá Prism ááá¯á¡áẠ| áááºáá°áááœááºáá° |
| á¡ááŸááẠ| áá»ááºááŒáá·áºáá±áá¬ááœáẠááŸá±áž | áá»ááºááŒáá·áºáá±áá¬ááœáẠáá»ááºááŒáẠ|
| á¡áá¯á¶ážáá»á¬ážáá±á¬ áá±áᬠ| áá±á¬ááºáá¯ááºáá±áž Layoutá Boundary Survey | áá»ááºááŒáá·áºááŒá±áá¯á¶ááœá²á á áá¯ááºáá»áá¯ážáá±ážá Monitoring |
â Conclusion
English:
Neither instrument is "better" in all cases. Total Stations are best for high-precision construction and boundary work, while GNSS Receivers are excellent for large-area mapping and outdoor projects. A professional surveyor often uses both tools together.
ááŒááºáá¬:
áááááá¬ááŸá áºáá¯áá¯á¶ážááᯠá¡ááŒá±á¡áá±áá±á«áº áá°áááºá á¡áá¯á¶ážááŒá¯ááááºá Total Station ááẠáááá»ááŸá¯á¡ááœááºááá¯á¡ááºáá±á¬ áá±á¬ááºáá¯ááºáá±ážá Boundary Survey á¡ááœáẠááá·áºáá±á¬áºááŒá®áž GNSS Receiver ááẠáá»ááºááŒáá·áºáá±áᬠMappingá á¡ááŒááºáááºáž Project áá»á¬ážááœáẠá¡áá°áž ááá·áºáá±á¬áºáááºá Surveyor áá áºáŠážá¡áá±ááŒáá·áº áááááá¬ááŸá áºáá¯áá¯á¶ážááá¯áá±á«ááºážá ááºá¡áá¯á¶ážááŒá¯ááŒáááºá
2. YouTube Link
ð¥ Total Station vs. GNSS Surveying Explained
3. FAQs (10 with Dual Language)
Q: Which tool is more accurate?
EN: Total Station (mm to cm level).
MM: Total Station ááẠá¡ááœááºáááá»ááẠ(mmâcm á¡ááá·áº)á
Q: Can GNSS work under trees?
EN: Accuracy decreases due to signal blockage.
MM: áá áºáááºá¡á±á¬ááºááœáẠGNSS accuracy áá»á±á¬á·áááºážáááºá
Q: Which is faster for large areas?
EN: GNSS Receiver.
MM: GNSS Receiver ááẠáá»ááºááŒáá·áºáá±áá¬ááœáẠááá¯áá»ááºááŒááºáááºá
Q: Which tool is better for construction layout?
EN: Total Station.
MM: áá±á¬ááºáá¯ááºáá±áž Layout á¡ááœáẠTotal Station áá¯á¶ážáááºá
Q: What is RTK GNSS?
EN: Real-Time Kinematic GNSS for cm accuracy.
MM: á ááºáá®áá®áá¬áááá»ááŸá¯ áááŸáá á±áá±á¬ Real-Time Kinematic GNSS ááŒá áºáááºá
Q: Which tool needs a prism?
EN: Total Station.
MM: Prism ááá¯á¡ááºáá±á¬ áááááá¬ááŸá¬ Total Station ááŒá áºáááºá
Q: Which tool is easier to carry?
EN: GNSS Receiver.
MM: GNSS Receiver áááºáá°á ááœááºáá°áááºá
Q: Do surveyors use both tools?
EN: Yes, often in combination.
MM: áá¯ááºáá«áááºá Surveyor áá»á¬ážááẠááŸá áºáá¯áá¯á¶ážáá±á«ááºážáá¯á¶ážááŒáááºá
Q: Which is less affected by weather?
EN: Total Station.
MM: á¡ááŒá±á¡áá±áááŒá±á¬áá·áº á¡áááºážáá¯á¶áž ááááá¯ááºááá·áºá¡áá¬ááŸá¬ Total Station ááŒá áºáááºá
Q: Which tool is best for agriculture mapping?
EN: GNSS Receiver.
MM: á áá¯ááºáá»áá¯ážáá±áž mapping á¡ááœáẠGNSS Receiver ááá·áºáá±á¬áºáááºá
A Brief Introduction to Orthopaedic Implants: Screws, Plates, and Nails
1. Bone Structure and Healing
Bone is a complex biological tissue with a hierarchical structure designed for optimal strength and minimum mass.
There are two main types of bone: cortical (compact) bone (dense, low porosity) and cancellous (trabecular or spongy) bone (highly porous, network of trabeculae).
Bone healing is a complex process that occurs in three stages: inflammation, bone production (soft and hard callus formation), and bone remodeling.
A key factor guiding healing is interfragmentary movement, which influences tissue strain and cellular activity.
2. Orthopedic Implants
Definition: Medical devices used to replace or provide fixation of bone, or to replace joint surfaces.
Primary Materials: Stainless steel and titanium alloys for strength, often combined with plastic liners for joint articulation.
3. Orthopedic Screws
Function: The most common device for fracture fixation, used both standalone and to secure other implants like plates.
Key Anatomy:Â A screw has four parts:
Head:Â For the screwdriver and to provide a counterforce.
Shaft (Shank):Â The smooth section between the head and threads.
Thread: Defined by its root (core) diameter, thread (outside) diameter, and pitch (distance between threads).
Tip: Can be round (requires pre-tapping) or self-tapping.
Critical Biomechanical Considerations:
Pull-out Strength: The resistance of a screw to being pulled from the bone. It is predominantly reliant on bone density and is critically affected by the screw's outer diameter and length of engagement.
Interfragmentary Compression: A screw can be used to compress fracture fragments together to promote healing.
Stress Shielding: The significantly stiffer metallic screw carries most of the mechanical load, shielding the adjacent bone. According to Wolff's Law, this reduced mechanical stimulus can lead to bone resorption (osteopenia) and eventual screw loosening.
4. Orthopedic Plates
Function: Used to neutralize deforming forces (bending, torsion, shear) that cannot be counteracted by screws alone.
Tension Band Principle: A fundamental engineering concept. The plate must be applied to the tension (convex) side of the bone to convert tensile forces into compressive forces at the fracture site. Application to the compression side leads to failure.
Advantages: Allow for anatomic reduction and stability for early joint function.
Disadvantages: Risk of stress shielding and osteoporosis beneath the plate, re-fracture after removal, and soft tissue irritation.
Plate Types & Evolution:
Dynamic Compression Plate (DCP): Relies on friction between the plate and bone generated by screw torque.
Locking Compression Plate (LCP): Uses screws that lock into the plate, creating a fixed-angle construct. It does not rely on friction and minimizes plate-bone contact, preserving blood supply.
Other designs include neutralization, compression, buttress, and bridge plates, each with a specific functional goal.
- ð E-Learning Modules: Return Policy for Repair at Head Office
- Module 1: Introduction to the Return Policy
- Learning Objectives
English:
Understand the purpose of the return and repair policy.
Identify why returns are centralized at the head office.
Myanmar:
ááŒááºáá±ážááŒááºážááŸáá·áº ááŒá¯ááŒááºááŒááºáž áá°áá«áá áááºááœááºáá»ááºááᯠáá¬ážáááºá á±áááºá
áá¬ááá»á¯ááºááœáẠááŒááºáá±ážááŸá¯áá»á¬áž á¡á á¯á¶á¡ááẠá á¯áá±á¬ááºážááẠá¡ááŒá±á¬ááºážáááºážááᯠááááŸáá á±áááºá
English: Overview of the companyâs repair service; importance of consistency, transparency, and customer satisfaction.
ááŒááºáá¬: áá¯áá¹ááá®á ááŒá¯ááŒááºá á±á¬áá·áºááŸá±á¬ááºááŸá¯ á¡áá»ááºážáá»á¯ááºá áááá»ááŸá¯á ááœáá·áºááŒá¬ááŸá¯ááŸáá·áº áá±á¬ááºáááºáá»á±áááºááŸá¯á á¡áá±ážááŒá®ážááŸá¯á
English: Scenario quiz â Why should returns go through the head office?
ááŒááºáá¬: á¡ááŒá±á¡áá±áá±ážááœááºáž â áá¬ááá»á¯ááºááŸáááá·áºáᬠááŒááºáá±ážááẠááá¯á¡ááºááá·áºá¡ááŒá±á¬ááºážááᯠááœá±ážáá»ááºáá«á
English:
Know which products qualify for repair at the head office.
Recognize conditions under which repairs are accepted or denied.
ááŒááºáá¬:
áá¬ááá»á¯ááºááœáẠááŒááºáá±ážááá¯ááºáá±á¬ áá¯ááºáá¯ááºáá»á¬ážááᯠáá¬ážáááºá á±áááºá
áááºáá¶ááá¯ááºááá·áº/ááááºáá¶ááá¯ááºááá·áº á¡ááŒá±á¡áá±áá»á¬ážááᯠááœá²ááŒá¬ážááááŸááááºá
Warranty vs. Non-warranty repairs.
Acceptable conditions: original proof of purchase, within warranty.
Exclusions: misuse, unauthorized tampering.
English: Drag-and-drop activity â Eligible vs. Non-eligible returns.
ááŒááºáá¬: á¡á¯ááºá á¯ááœá²ááŒá¬ážááŒááºáž áá±á·áá»áá·áºáááºáž â ááŒááºáá±ážááá¯ááºááẠvs. áááŒááºáá±ážááá¯ááºá
English: Learn how customers initiate a return; understand documentation requirements.
ááŒááºáá¬: áá±á¬ááºáááºáá»á¬ážááẠááŒááºáá±ážááŸá¯ááᯠáááºááᯠá áááºááá·áºá¡ááŒá±á¬ááºážá ááá¯á¡ááºáá±á¬ á á¬ááœááºá á¬áááºážáá»á¬ážááᯠáá¬ážáááºá á±áááºá
Submit repair request form (online/physical).
Provide details: customer info, invoice, serial number, fault description.
Approval and issuance of Return Authorization Number (RAN).
English: Interactive flowchart â Select the correct process step.
ááŒááºáá¬: á¡ááá·áºááœá±ážáá»ááºááŒááºáž â ááŸááºáááºááá·áº áá¯ááºáá¯á¶ážáá¯ááºáááºážááᯠááœá±ážáá«á
English: Ensure safe and compliant product return.
ááŒááºáá¬: áá¯ááºáá¯ááºáá»á¬ážááᯠáá¯á¶ááŒá¯á¶á áœá¬ áá¬ááá»á¯ááºááá¯á· ááŒááºááá¯á·ááá¯ááºáááºá
Packaging standards (anti-shock, sealed box).
Label with Return Authorization Number + Customer ID.
Approved shipping carriers.
English: Simulation â Choose correct vs. incorrect packaging.
ááŒááºáá¬: ááá¯ááºáá±á¬áºáá¯á¶á á¶ â ááŸááºáááºáá±á¬ vs. áááŸááºáááºáá±á¬ áá¯ááºááá¯ážáááºážááᯠááœá±ážáá«á
English: Understand evaluation steps.
ááŒááºáá¬: áá¬ááá»á¯ááºááœáẠá áá á áºááá·áº á¡ááá·áºáá»á¬ážááᯠáá¬ážáááºá á±áááºá
Condition check, warranty verification, fault diagnosis.
Customer informed of findings.
Estimated repair timelines.
English: Case study â What if the product is out of warranty?
ááŒááºáá¬: áááºáááºážá ᬠâ áá¯ááºáá¯áẠá¡á¬ááá¶ááá»ááºáá±á¬á·áá«á áá¬ááŒá áºááá²á
English: Differentiate free vs. paid repairs; understand customer notification.
ááŒááºáá¬: á¡ááá²á· vs. á¡áááŒá±ážááœá±ááŸá ááŒá¯ááŒááºááŸá¯áá»á¬ážááᯠááœá²ááŒá¬ážááá¯ááºáááºá
Free under warranty.
Quotation provided for out-of-warranty repairs.
Customer must approve before proceeding.
English: Role-play â Respond to a customer about charges.
ááŒááºáá¬: á¡áááºážááá¹á áá á¬ážááŒááºáž â áá±á¬ááºáááºá¡á¬áž áá¯ááºáá»á áááẠá¡ááŒá±á¬ááºážááŒá±ááŒá¬ážááŒááºážá
English: Learn steps for dispatching repaired items.
ááŒááºáá¬: ááŒá¯ááŒááºááŒá®ážáá¯ááºáá¯ááºáá»á¬áž ááŒááºááá¯á·ááá·áºá¡ááá·áºáá»á¬ážááᯠáá¬ážáááºáááºá
Quality check.
Proper packaging and shipping.
Tracking details sent to customer.
English: Checklist activity â Final steps before dispatch.
ááŒááºáá¬: á á áºáá±ážá á¬áááºáž â áá á¹á ááºážááá¯á·áá® áá±á¬ááºáá¯á¶ážá¡ááá·áºáá»á¬ážááᯠááœá±ážáá«á
English: Handle disputes and special cases.
ááŒááºáá¬: á¡áá°ážá¡ááŒá±á¡áá±áá»á¬ážááŸáá·áº ááŒáááºážáá»ááºážá áœá¬ ááŒá±ááŸááºážááá¯ááºáááºá
Escalate to customer service or management.
Handle disputes or repeat issues.
English: Scenario simulation â Customer unhappy with repair outcome.
ááŒááºáá¬: ááá¯ááºáá±á¬áº áá±á·áá»áá·áºáááºáž â áá±á¬ááºááẠááá»á±áááºáá«á áááºááá¯ááŒá±ááŸááºážááá²á
English: Reinforce knowledge and assess learning.
ááŒááºáá¬: áááºáá°ááŸá¯ááᯠááŒááºáááºááááá á±ááŒá®áž á ááºážáááºáááºá
Multiple-choice quiz.
Scenario-based questions.
Practical case study.
Content
Learning Activity
Module 2: Eligibility for Repair Returns
Learning Objectives
Content
Learning Activity
Module 3: Return Request Process
Learning Objectives
Content
Learning Activity
Module 4: Packaging & Shipping Guidelines
Learning Objectives
Content
Learning Activity
Module 5: Repair Evaluation at Head Office
Learning Objectives
Content
Learning Activity
Module 6: Costs, Approvals, and Customer Communication
Learning Objectives
Content
Learning Activity
Module 7: Return of Repaired Products
Learning Objectives
Content
Learning Activity
Module 8: Escalation & Exceptions Handling
Learning Objectives
Content
Learning Activity
Module 9: Knowledge Check & Certification
Learning Objectives
Content
Module 1: Introduction to Risk Management
- 1.1 What is Risk?
- Definition of risk
- Types of risks (strategic, operational, financial, compliance, etc.)
- 1.2 What is Risk Management?
- Purpose and importance
- Key principles of risk management
- 1.3 The Risk Management Process Overview
- Steps in the risk management cycle
Module 2: Identifying Risks
- 2.1 Sources of Risk
- Internal vs. external risks
- Common risk sources in organizations
- 2.2 Risk Identification Techniques
- Brainstorming
- Checklists
- Interviews and surveys
- SWOT analysis
- 2.3 Documenting Risks
- Risk registers
- Risk statements
Module 3: Risk Assessment and Analysis
- 3.1 Qualitative Risk Assessment
- Likelihood and impact scales
- Risk matrix
- 3.2 Quantitative Risk Assessment
- Probability calculations
- Scenario analysis
- 3.3 Prioritizing Risks
- Risk ranking and scoring
Module 4: Risk Response and Treatment
- 4.1 Risk Response Strategies
- Avoidance
- Reduction (mitigation)
- Transfer (insurance, outsourcing)
- Acceptance
- 4.2 Developing Risk Action Plans
- Assigning responsibilities
- Setting timelines and resources
- 4.3 Implementing Controls
- Preventive and detective controls
Module 5: Monitoring and Reviewing Risks
- 5.1 Continuous Monitoring
- Key risk indicators (KRIs)
- Regular risk reviews
- 5.2 Reporting and Communication
- Risk reporting formats
- Stakeholder communication
- 5.3 Learning from Incidents
- Case studies
- Lessons learned
Module 6: Embedding Risk Management in Organizational Culture
- 6.1 Building a Risk-Aware Culture
- Leadership and tone at the top
- Training and awareness programs
- 6.2 Integrating Risk Management with Business Processes
- Linking risk management to strategy and operations
Module 7: Case Studies and Practical Applications
- 7.1 Real-World Risk Management Examples
- Industry-specific scenarios
- 7.2 Interactive Exercises
- Risk identification workshop
- Risk assessment simulation
### **Introduction to Basic Accounting Terminology**Â
**á¡ááŒá±áá¶ á á¬áááºážááá¯ááºá áá¬ážáá¯á¶ážáá»á¬áž ááááºáááº**
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**Accounting (á á¬áááºážááá¯ááº)** is the process of recording, summarizing, and reporting financial transactions of a business.Â
**á á¬áááºážááá¯ááº** ááá¯áááºááŸá¬ áá¯ááºáááºážáá áºáá¯á ááœá±ááŒá±ážáá¯ááºáá±á¬ááºááŸá¯áá»á¬ážááᯠááŸááºáááºážáááºá á¡ááá¯áá»á¯ááºáá±á¬áºááŒá á¡á á®áááºáá¶áááºááŒááŒááºáž ááŒá áºá ááºááŒá áºáááºá
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**The Three Golden Rules of Accounting are based on the types of accounts.**Â
**á á¬áááºážááá¯ááºá ááœáŸá±áááºážá¥ááá±á (á) áá»ááºááẠá¡áá±á¬áá·áºá¡áá»áá¯ážá¡á á¬ážáá±á«áºááœáẠá¡ááŒá±áá¶áááºá**
| **1. Assets ()** | **ááá¯ááºááá¯ááºááŸá¯áá»á¬áž (ááá¯á·) á¡áá¬áááºá á®ážááœá¬ážáá±ážá¡áá»áá¯ážáá¶á á¬ážááœáá·áº** | What the business OWNS. (e.g., Cash, Building, Car, Inventory) | **áá¯ááºáááºážááá¯ááºááá¯ááºáá±á¬á¡áá¬** (á¥ááᬠ- ááœá±áá¬ážá á¡áááºá áá¬ážá áá¯ááºáá á¹á ááºážáá»á¬áž) |
| **2. Liabilities (áá¬áááºáá°ááŸá¯)** | **ááŒáœá±ážááŒá®áá»á¬áž** | What the business OWES to others. (e.g., Bank Loan, Creditors) | **áá¯ááºáááºážá á¡ááŒá¬ážáá°áá»á¬ážá¡á¬áž ááŒááºáááºáááºáá¬áááºááŸááá±á¬ á¡áá¬** (á¥ááᬠ- áááºáá»á±ážááœá±á áá±ážáááºáá»ááºááœá±áá»á¬áž) |
| **3. Equity (áááºážááŸá®ážááŒáŸá¯ááºááŸá¶ááŸá¯)** | **ááá¯ááºááŸááºáá»á¬ážá á¡áá»áá¯ážá á®ážááœá¬áž** | The owner's claim on the business assets. (Assets - Liabilities = Equity) | **ááá¯ááºááŸááºáá»á¬áž áá¯ááºáááºážá¡ááœááºáž áááºážááŸá®ážááŒáŸá¯ááºááŸá¶áá¬ážáá±á¬ áááºááá¯áž** (ááá¯ááºááá¯ááºááŸá¯ - ááŒáœá±ážááŒá® = ááá¯ááºááŸááºá á¡áá»áá¯ážá á®ážááœá¬áž) |
| **4. Revenue (áááºááœá±)** | **áááºááœá±** | Money earned from selling goods or services. (e.g., Sales Revenue) | **ᅵá¯ááºáá á¹á ááºáž (ááá¯á·) áááºáá±á¬ááºááŸá¯áá±á¬ááºážáá»ááŒááºážá០áááŸááá±á¬ááœá±** (á¥ááᬠ- áá±á¬ááºážá¡á¬áž) |
| **5. Expenses (áá¯ááºáá»á ááááº)** | **áá»ááºááœá± áá¯ááºáá»ááŸá¯áá»á¬áž** | Money spent to generate revenue. (e.g., Rent, Salaries, Utilities) | **áááºááœá±áááŸáááẠáá¯ááºáá»áá±á¬ááœá±** (á¥ááᬠ- ááŸá¬ážáááºážáá áá¯ááºáá áá®áá¬á) |
**The Accounting Equation (á á¬áááºážááá¯ááºáá®áá»áŸááŒááºáž) is the foundation of all accounting.** Â
**á á¬áááºážááá¯ááºáá®áá»áŸááŒááºáž** ááẠá á¬áááºážááá¯ááºááá¬á á¡ááŒá±áá¶á¡á¯ááºááŒá áºááŒá áºáááºá
**Assets = Liabilities + Equity**Â
**ááá¯ááºááá¯ááºááŸá¯áá»á¬áž = ááŒáœá±ážááŒá®áá»á¬áž + ááá¯ááºááŸááºá á¡áá»áá¯ážá á®ážááœá¬áž**Â
*This equation must always balance! (á€áá®áá»áŸááŒááºážááẠá¡ááŒá²áááºážáá®áá»áŸááááº!)*
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### **Key Accounting Statements & Concepts**Â
**á¡ááá á á¬áááºážááá¯ááºá¡á á®áááºáá¶á á¬áá»á¬ážááŸáá·áº á¡ááŒá±áá¶áá°áá»á¬áž**
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| **6. Balance Sheet (ᅵáá¹áá¬áá±ážá¡áá±á¡áá¬ážááá¬áž)** | the company's financial position (Assets, Liabilities, Equity) **on a specific date**. | **áá¯áá¹ááá®á ááœá±ááŒá±ážááá¯ááºáᬠá¡ááŒá±á¡áá± (ááá¯ááºááá¯ááºááŸá¯á ááŒáœá±ážááŒá®á ááá¯ááºááŸááºá á¡áá»áá¯ážá á®ážááœá¬áž) ááᯠáááºá áœá²áá áºáá¯áááºážááœáẠáá±á¬áºááŒáá±á¬ ááá¬áž**á |
| **7. Income Statement (áááºááœá±á á¬áááºáž)** | **Income Statement** | Shows the company's financial performance (Revenue - Expenses = Profit/Loss) **over a period of time** (e.g., one month). | **áá¯áá¹ááá®á áááẠ(áááºááœá± - áá¯ááºáá»á áááẠ= á¡ááŒááº/á¡ááŸá¯á¶áž) ááᯠ**á¡áá»áááºáá¬ááá áºáá¯á¡ááœááºáž** (á¥ááá¬- áá áºá) áá±á¬áºááŒáá±á¬ á á¬áááºáž**á |
| **8. Debit & Credit ** | **Debit & Credit ** | **Debit (Dr.):** Left side of an account. Increases Assets and Expenses. <br> **Credit (Cr.):** Right side of an account. Increases Liabilities, Equity, and Revenue. | **Debit (Dr.):** á¡áá±á¬áá·áºá áááºáááºááŒááºážá ááá¯ááºááá¯ááºááŸá¯ááŸáá·áº áá¯ááºáá»á ááááºááᯠááá¯ážá á±áááºá <br> **Credit (Cr.):** á¡áá±á¬áá·áºá áá¬áááºááŒááºážá ááŒáœá±ážááŒá®á ááá¯ááºááŸááºá á¡áá»áá¯ážá á®ážááœá¬ážááŸáá·áº áááºááœá±ááᯠááá¯ážá á±áááºá |
| **9. Journal Entry (áá»á¬áááºáá±ážááœááºážááŒááºáž)** | **Journal Entry** | The first record of a business transaction, showing the accounts debited and credited. | **áá¯ááºáááºážááœá±ááŒá±ážáá¯ááºáá±á¬ááºááŸá¯ááᯠááááá¯á¶ážááŸááºáááºážáááºááŒááºáž**á áááºááá·áºá¡áá±á¬áá·áºááᯠáááºáá áºááŸáá·áº ááŒááºáá áºáá¯ááºáááºááᯠáá±á¬áºááŒáááºá |
| **10.
Chart of Accounts (á¡áá±á¬áá·áºááá¬áž)** | **Chart of Accounts**
| A list of all account names and numbers used by a business to record
transactions. | **áá¯ááºáááºážááœáẠá¡áá¯á¶ážááŒá¯áá±á¬ á¡áá±á¬áá·áºá¡áááºáá»á¬ážááŸáá·áº
áá¶áá«ááºáá»á¬áž á
á¬áááºáž**á |
### **3.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) - 10 Q&A**
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**1. Q: What is the most important equation in accounting?**
**á¡áá±ážá¡áá«áá¯á¶áž á á¬áááºážááá¯ááºáá®áá»áŸááŒááºážá áá¬áá²á**
**A: The Accounting Equation: Assets = Liabilities + Equity. It is the foundation for the entire Balance Sheet.**
**á¡ááŒá± - á á¬áááºážááá¯ááºáá®áá»áŸááŒááºáž - ááá¯ááºááá¯ááºááŸá¯áá»á¬áž = ááŒáœá±ážááŒá®áá»á¬áž + ááá¯ááºááŸááºá á¡áá»áá¯ážá á®ážááœá¬ážá áááºážááẠBalance Sheet áá áºáá¯áá¯á¶ážá á¡ááŒá±áá¶ááŒá áºáááºá**
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**2. Q: Is cash an asset or a liability?**
**ááœá±áá¬ážááẠááá¯ááºááá¯ááºááŸá¯áá¬áž ááŒáœá±ážááŒá®áá¬ážá**
**A: Cash is an asset because it is a resource owned by the business that provides future economic benefit.**
**á¡ááŒá± - ááœá±áá¬ážááẠááá¯ááºááá¯ááºááŸá¯ááŒá áºáááºá á¡áááºááŒá±á¬áá·áºááá¯áá±á¬áº áááºážááẠáá¯ááºáááºážááá¯ááºááá¯ááºáá±á¬ á¡áá¬áááºá á®ážááœá¬ážáá±ážá¡áá»áá¯ážáá¶á á¬ážááœáá·áº áá±ážá áœááºážááá¯ááºáá±á¬ á¡áá¬ááŒá áºáá±á¬ááŒá±á¬áá·áºááŒá áºáááºá**
**3. Q: What is the difference between a debit and a credit?**
**Debit ááŸáá·áº Credit á ááœá¬ááŒá¬ážáá»ááºáá¬áž á¡áááºáááºážá**
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**A: Debit is the left side of an account; it increases Assets and Expenses. Credit is the right side; it increases Liabilities, Equity, and Revenue. They are not "good" or "bad"; they are just rules for recording.**
**á¡ááŒá± - Debit ááẠá¡áá±á¬áá·áºá áááºáááºááŒááºážááŒá áºááŒá®áž ááá¯ááºááá¯ááºááŸá¯ááŸáá·áº áá¯ááºáá»á ááááºááᯠááá¯ážá á±áááºáCredit ááẠáá¬áááºááŒááºážááŒá áºááŒá®áž ááŒáœá±ážááŒá®á ááá¯ááºááŸááºá á¡áá»áá¯ážá á®ážááœá¬ážááŸáá·áº áááºááœá±ááᯠááá¯ážá á±áááºá áááºážááá¯á·ááẠ"áá±á¬ááºážáá±á¬" ááá¯á·ááá¯áẠ"ááá±á¬ááºážáá±á¬" á¡áá¬áá»á¬ážááá¯ááºáá² ááŸááºáááºážáááºááẠá ááºážáá»ááºážáá»á¬ážáá¬ááŒá áºáááºá**
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**4. Q: Why must the Accounting Equation always balance?**
**á á¬áááºážááá¯ááºáá®áá»áŸááŒááºáž á¡áááºááŒá±á¬áá·áº á¡ááŒá²áá®áá»áŸáááááºážá**
**A: Because every transaction has a dual effect. For example, if you buy a car with cash, your Assets (Car) increase, and another Asset (Cash) decreases. The equation remains in balance.**
**á¡ááŒá± - á¡áááºááŒá±á¬áá·áºááá¯áá±á¬áº ááœá±ááŒá±ážáá¯ááºáá±á¬ááºááŸá¯ááá¯ááºážááœáẠááŸá áºáááºá¡áá»áá¯ážáááºáá±á¬ááºááŸá¯ááŸááá±á¬ááŒá±á¬áá·áºááŒá áºáááºá á¥ááᬠ- ááœá±áá¬ážááŒáá·áº áá¬ážáááºáá»áŸáẠááá¯ááºááá¯ááºááŸá¯ (áá¬áž) ááá¯ážáá¬ááŒá®áž á¡ááŒá¬ážááá¯ááºááá¯ááºááŸá¯ (ááœá±áá¬áž) áá»á±á¬á·áááºážááœá¬ážáááºá áá®áá»áŸááŒááºážááŸá¬ áá®áá»áŸáá±áá²ááŒá áºáááºá**
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**5. Q: What is the purpose of an Income Statement?**
**Income Statement á áááºááœááºáá»ááºáá¬áž á¡áááºáááºážá**
**A: The Income Statement shows whether a business made a profit or a loss during a specific period (like a month or a year) by subtracting all expenses from all revenue.**
**á¡ááŒá± - Income Statement ááẠáá¯ááºáááºážáá áºáá¯ááẠá¡áá»áááºáá¬ááá áºáᯠ(áá áºá ááá¯á·ááá¯áẠáá áºááŸá áº) á¡ááœááºáž á¡ááŒááºááá¬ážá¡ááŸá¯á¶ážááá¬ážááá¯áá¬ááᯠáááºááœá±á¡á¬ážáá¯á¶ážá០áá¯ááºáá»á ááááºá¡á¬ážáá¯á¶ážááᯠáá¯ááºááŒá®áž áá±á¬áºááŒáááºá**
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**6. Q: Is a bank loan an asset or a liability for the business?**
**áááºáá»á±ážááœá±ááẠáá¯ááºáááºážá¡ááœáẠááá¯ááºááá¯ááºááŸá¯áá¬áž ááŒáœá±ážááŒá®áá¬ážá**
**A: A bank loan is a liability. The business receives cash (which is an asset), but it has an obligation to repay the loan in the future, creating the liability.**
**á¡ááŒá± - áááºáá»á±ážááœá±ááẠááŒáœá±ážááŒá®ááŒá áºáááºá áá¯ááºáááºážááẠááœá±áá¬áž (ááá¯ááºááá¯ááºááŸá¯) ááá¯áááŸááá±á¬áºáááºáž á¡áá¬áááºááœáẠáá»á±ážááœá±ááá¯ááŒááºáááºááẠáá¬áááºááŸááá±á¬ááŒá±á¬áá·áº ááŒáœá±ážááŒá®ááŒá áºáá±á«áºá á±áááºá**
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**7. Q: What is equity?**
**Equity ááá¯áá¬áá¬áá²á**
**A: Equity, or Owner's Equity, is the owner's claim on the assets of the business. It represents the net value of the business (Assets minus Liabilities).**
**á¡ááŒá± - Equity (ááá¯á·) ááá¯ááºááŸááºá á¡áá»áá¯ážá á®ážááœá¬ážááá¯áááºááŸá¬ áá¯ááºáááºážá ááá¯ááºááá¯ááºááŸá¯áá»á¬ážá¡áá±á«áº ááá¯ááºááŸááºá á¡ááœáá·áºá¡áá±ážááŒá áºáááºá áááºážááẠáá¯ááºáááºážá ááá·áºááŸááºážáááºááá¯áž (ááá¯ááºááá¯ááºááŸá¯ - ááŒáœá±ážááŒá®) ááᯠááá¯ááºá á¬ážááŒá¯áááºá**
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**8. Q: What is a Journal Entry used for?**
**Journal Entry ááᯠáá¬á¡ááœááºá¡áá¯á¶ážááŒá¯ááááºážá**
**A: A Journal Entry is the first step to record any business transaction in the accounting system. It ensures that for every debit, there is an equal credit.**
**á¡ááŒá± - Journal Entry ááẠá á¬áááºážááá¯ááºá áá áºá¡ááœááºážááá¯á· áááºááá·áºáá¯ááºáááºážááœá±ááŒá±ážáá¯ááºáá±á¬ááºááŸá¯ááá¯áááᯠááŸááºáááºážáááºááẠááááá¯á¶ážá¡ááá·áºááŒá áºáááºá áááºážááẠDebit ááá¯ááºážá¡ááœáẠáá®áá»áŸáá±á¬ Credit ááŸáá á±ááẠáá±áá»á¬á á±áááºá**
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**9. Q: Can revenue be considered an asset?**
**áááºááœá±ááᯠááá¯ááºááá¯ááºááŸá¯á¡ááŒá ẠáááºááŸááºááá¯ááºáá«ááá¬ážá**
**A: No. Revenue itself is not an asset. However, when you earn revenue (e.g., make a sale), you often receive an asset (like cash) or have a claim to receive an asset (like an account receivable).**
**á¡ááŒá± - ááá¯ááºáá«á áááºááœá±ááá¯ááºááŸáá¯ááºááẠááá¯ááºááá¯ááºááŸá¯ááá¯ááºáá«á ááá¯á·áá±á¬áº áááºááœá±áááŸááá±á¬á¡áá« (á¥ááᬠ- áá±á¬ááºážáá»ááŒááºáž) ááá¯ááºááá¯ááºááŸá¯ (ááœá±áá¬ážáá²á·ááá¯á·) ááá¯áááŸááá±á·ááŸáááŒá®áž ááá¯á·ááá¯áẠááá¯ááºááá¯ááºááŸá¯ááá¯áááŸáááẠá¡ááœáá·áºá¡áá±ážááŸáááẠ(á¥ááᬠ- ááááºáá»ááºááœá±)á**
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**10. Q: What is the Chart of Accounts?**
**Chart of Accounts ááá¯áá¬áá¬áá²á**
**A: It is like an index or a table of contents for all the accounts a business uses (e.g., Cash Account #101, Sales Revenue Account #401). It organizes all financial transactions.**
**á¡ááŒá± - áááºážááẠáá¯ááºáááºážáá áºáá¯á¡áá¯á¶ážááŒá¯áá±á¬ á¡áá±á¬áá·áºá¡á¬ážáá¯á¶ážá á¡ááœáŸááºáž (ááá¯á·) áá¬áááᬠ(á¥ááᬠ- ááœá±áá¬ážá¡áá±á¬áá·áº #áááá áá±á¬ááºážá¡á¬ážá¡áá±á¬áá·áº #ááá) ááŸáá·áºáá°áááºá
ð E-Learning Course: Service Safety and Best Practices for Copier Technicians
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Module 1: Introduction to Service Safety
(áááºáá±á¬ááºááŸá¯ áá¯á¶ááŒá¯á¶áá±áž ááááºáááº)
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Why safety is critical in copier servicing
Common risks (electrical shock, burns, moving parts)
Technician responsibility and professional ethics
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Power-off and unplugging before service
Avoiding electric shock hazards
Safe handling of fusers, rollers, and sharp parts
Lock-out/tag-out (LOTO) practices
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Fuser, Roller ááŸáá·áº ááááá¯ááºá á±ááá¯ááºáá±á¬ á¡á áááºá¡ááá¯ááºážáá»á¬ážááᯠáá¯á¶ááŒá¯á¶á áœá¬ ááá¯ááºááœááºáááºáž
Lock-out/tag-out (LOTO) áá±á·áá»áá·áºááŸá¯
Module 3: Handling Toner, Chemicals, and Spare Parts
(ááá¯áá¬á áá¬áá¯á ááºáá»á¬ážááŸáá·áº á¡á áááºá¡ááá¯ááºážáá»á¬ážááᯠááá¯ááºááœááºáááºáž)
English
Safe storage and handling of toner cartridges
Avoiding skin/eye contact with toner and chemicals
Proper disposal of waste toner and used parts
Environmental safety and recycling best practices
ááŒááºáá¬
ááá¯áᬠáá¬ááááá»áºáá»á¬ážááᯠáá¯á¶ááŒá¯á¶á áœá¬ ááááºážáááºážááŒááºážááŸáá·áº ááá¯ááºááœááºááŒááºáž
ááá¯áá¬ááŸáá·áº áá¬áá¯á ááºáá»á¬áž ááá¯ááºááá¯áẠá¡áá±ááŒá¬áž/áá»ááºá á áááá á±áááº
á¡áá¯á¶ážáááŒá¯áá±á¬á·áá±á¬ ááá¯áá¬áá»á¬ážááŸáá·áº á¡á áááºá¡ááá¯ááºážáá»á¬ážááᯠááŸááºáááºá áœá¬ áááºáá»ááºááŒááºáž
áááºáááºážáá»ááºá¡ááœáẠáá¯á¶ááŒá¯á¶á áœá¬ á¡áá¯á¶ážááŒá¯ááŒááºáááºáá¯á¶ážá áœá²ááŒááºáž áá±á·áá»áá·áºááŸá¯
Module 4: Workplace Safety and Ergonomics
(á¡áá¯ááºááœáẠáá¯á¶ááŒá¯á¶áá±ážááŸáá·áº ááá¯ááºá¡ááá·áºá¡ááá¯ááºáž áá¯ááºáá±á¬ááºáááºáž)
English
Keeping the work area clean and organized
Proper lifting techniques to prevent injury
Using personal protective equipment (PPE)
Fire safety and emergency procedures
ááŒááºáá¬
á¡áá¯ááºááœááºááᯠááá·áºááŸááºážááŒá®áž á ááºážáá»ááºážááá» ááááºážááááºážáá¬ážááŒááºáž
á¡áá±ážáá»áááºáá»á¬ážááᯠááááá¯ááºááŸá¯áááŒá áºá á±ááẠááŸááºáááºá áœá¬ áá»áá¯ážáááºáááºáž
áá¬ááœááºáá±áž áá á¹á ááºážáá»á¬áž (PPE) á¡áá¯á¶ážááŒá¯ááŒááºáž
áá®ážáá±á¬ááºááŸá¯ááŸáá·áº á¡áá±ážáá±á«áº á¡ááŒá±á¡áá±áá»á¬ážá¡ááœáẠááá¯ááºáá¬ááẠá ááºážáá»ááºážáá»á¬áž
Module 5: Best Practices and Professional Standards
(á¡áá±á¬ááºážáá¯á¶áž áá¯ááºáá¯á¶ážáá¯ááºáááºážáá»á¬ážááŸáá·áº áá¯ááºáááºážá á¶áááºááŸááºáá»ááºáá»á¬áž)
English
Following manufacturer guidelines during service
Documenting service and maintenance records
Communication with clients on safety and usage
Continuous learning and compliance with regulations
ááŒááºáá¬
á ááºáá¯ááºáá¯ááºáá°á ááœáŸááºááŒá¬ážáá»ááºáá»á¬ážá¡ááá¯ááºáž ááŒá¯ááŒááºááááºážááááºážááŒááºáž
ááŒá¯ááŒááºááááºážááááºážááŸá¯ ááŸááºáááºážáá»á¬áž ááŸááºáááºá áœá¬ áááºááœááºážááŒááºáž
ááœá±áá±ážáá»á±áá°áá»á¬áž/áá±á¬ááºáááºáá»á¬ážá¡á¬áž áá¯á¶ááŒá¯á¶áá±ážááŸáá·áº á¡áá¯á¶ážááŒá¯áááºážááᯠáááá±á¬ááºá áœá¬ áááºááœááºáá±ážááŒááºáž
áááºáááºáá±á·áá¬ááŒááºážááŸáá·áº á¥ááá±á á ááºážáá»ááºážáá»á¬ážááᯠááá¯ááºáá¬ááŒááºáž
1: Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity (UPV) - Comprehensive Guide
á¡ááºááºááá¬áá±á¬áá Ạááá·áºáẠá¡áá»áẠ(UPV) - áá±á·áá¬áááºáááºážááœáŸááº
1. What is UPV? (UPV ááá¯áá¬áá¬áá²?)
English:Â Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity (UPV) is a non-destructive testing (NDT) technique used to evaluate the properties of concrete and other materials by measuring the speed of sound passing through them.
Myanmar: á¡ááºááºááá¬áá±á¬áá Ạááá·áºáẠá¡áá»áẠ(UPV) ááẠááœááºááá áºááŸáá·áº á¡ááŒá¬ážáá á¹á ááºážáá»á¬ážá¡ááœááºážá០á¡áá¶ááŒááºáááºážááŸá¯á¡ááŒááºááŸá¯ááºážááᯠááá¯ááºážáá¬ááŒááºážááŒáá·áº áááºážááá¯á·á áá¯ááºááá¹áááá»á¬ážááᯠá¡áá²ááŒááºááẠá¡áá¯á¶ážááŒá¯ááá·áº áá á¹á ááºážááá»ááºá á®ážáá±á¬ á ááºážáááºáááºáž (NDT) áá áºáá»áá¯ážááŒá áºáááºá
2. Basic Principle (á¡ááŒá±áá¶ááá±á¬ááá¬áž)
English: The method measures the time (T) taken for an ultrasonic pulse to travel a known path length (L) through concrete. Velocity (V) is calculated as V = L/T.
Myanmar: á€áááºážáááºážááẠá¡ááºááºááá¬áá±á¬áá áºááá·áºááºáá áºáᯠááœááºááá áºá¡ááœááºážá០áááá¬ážáá±á¬ á¡ááœá¬á¡áá±áž (L) ááᯠááŒááºáááºážááẠááŒá¬áá»ááẠ(T) ááᯠááá¯ááºážáá¬áááºá á¡áá»áẠ(V) ááá¯Â V = L/T áá°á ááœááºáá»ááºáááºá
3. Probe Arrangements (áááá¯áẠáááºáááºáááºážáá»á¬áž)
Direct Transmission (ááá¯ááºááá¯ááºááŒááºáááºážááŒááºáž): Most reliable. Probes on opposite faces.
Indirect Transmission (ááœááºááá¯ááºááŒááºáááºážááŒááºáž): For surface assessment. Probes on same face.
Semi-Direct Transmission (á¡ááŒá¬ážááŒááºáááºážááŒááºáž): For corners. Probes on adjacent faces.
4. Quality Assessment (á¡áááºá¡ááœá±áž á¡áá²ááŒááºááŒááºáž)
| Velocity (km/s) | Concrete Quality | ááœááºááá áºá¡áááºá¡ááœá±áž |
|---|---|---|
| > 4.5 | Excellent | á¡ááœááºáá±á¬ááºážááœááºááẠ|
| 3.5 - 4.5 | Good | áá±á¬ááºážááœááºááẠ|
| 3.0 - 3.5 | Medium | á¡áááºá¡ááẠ|
| < 3.0 | Poor/Doubtful | áá¶á·áá»ááºážáááº/áá¶ááááŸáááœáẠ|
Page 2: Applications, Pros & Cons
á¡áá¯á¶ážáá»ááŸá¯áá»á¬ážá á¡á¬ážáá¬áá»ááºáá»á¬ážááŸáá·áº á¡á¬ážáááºážáá»ááºáá»á¬áž
5. Applications (á¡áá¯á¶ážáá»ááŸá¯áá»á¬áž)
English:
Quality control of new construction
Detecting cracks, voids, and honeycombs
Determining concrete uniformity
Estimating concrete strength
Monitoring structural health over time
Myanmar:
á¡áá áºáá±á¬ááºáá¯ááºááá·áº á¡áá±á¬ááºá¡áŠáá»á¬ážá á¡áááºá¡ááœá±ážááááºážáá»á¯ááºáá±áž
á¡ááºááŒá±á¬ááºážáá»á¬ážá áá±áá¬áááºáá»á¬ážááŸáá·áº áá»á¬ážá¡á¯á¶áá¯á¶á á¶áá»áá¯á·ááœááºážáá»ááºáá»á¬áž ááŸá¬ááœá±ááŒááºáž
ááœááºááá áºá áá®áá¬ááŸá¯ááᯠáááºááŸááºááŒááºáž
ááœááºááá áºá ááá¯ááºáá¶á·ááŸá¯ááᯠááá·áºááŸááºážááŒááºáž
á¡áá»áááºááŒá¬áá¬áááºááŸáá·áºá¡áá»áŸ áááºáá±á¬ááºááŸá¯á áá»ááºážáá¬áá±ážááᯠá á±á¬áá·áºááŒáá·áºááŒááºáž
6. Advantages (á¡á¬ážáá¬áá»ááºáá»á¬áž)
English:Â Non-destructive, immediate results, covers large areas, easy to use
Myanmar: áá á¹á ááºážááá»ááºá á®ážá áá»ááºáá»ááºážááááºáá á§áááá¬áá»ááºáá»ááºá ááºážáááºááá¯ááºá á¡áá¯á¶ážááŒá¯áááœááºáá°
7. Limitations (ááá·áºáááºáá»ááºáá»á¬áž)
English:Â Requires smooth surfaces, affected by reinforcement, requires trained operators
Myanmar: áá»ááºááŸá¬ááŒááºáá®áá¬ááŸá¯ááá¯á áá¶áá»á±á¬ááºážáá»á¬ážááŒá±á¬áá·áºáááºáá±á¬ááºá áá±á·áá»áá·áºáá¬ážáá±á¬ áá¯ááºáá¬ážááá¯
YouTube Link
Understanding Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity Testing for Concrete
(Note: This is a representative link. Please search for "Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity Test" for more specific videos.)
FAQs (Frequently Asked Questions)
1. What does UPV test measure?
English:Â UPV measures the time for an ultrasonic pulse to travel through concrete, indicating its density and quality.
Myanmar: UPV ááẠá¡ááºááºááá¬áá±á¬áá áºááá·áºááºáá áºáᯠááœááºááá áºá¡ááœááºážááŒááºáááºážááẠááŒá¬áá»áááºááᯠááá¯ááºážáá¬ááŒá®áž áááºážá ááááºáááºážáááŸáá·áº á¡áááºá¡ááœá±ážááᯠáá±á¬áºááŒáááºá
2. Is UPV test destructive?
English:Â No, UPV is completely non-destructive.
Myanmar: ááá¯ááºáá«á UPV ááẠáá¯á¶ážááá á¹á ááºážááá»ááºá á®ážá á±áá«á
3. Why UPV test is done?
English:Â To assess concrete quality, detect internal defects, and check homogeneity.
Myanmar: ááœááºááá áºá¡áááºá¡ááœá±ážá¡áá²ááŒááºáááºá á¡ááœááºážáá»áá¯á·ááœááºážáá»ááºáá»á¬ážááŸá¬ááœá±áááºááŸáá·áº áá®áá¬ááŸá¯á á áºáá±ážááẠááŒá áºáááºá
4. What is the principle of UPV?
English:Â The principle is Velocity = Distance/Time (V = L/T).
Myanmar: ááá±á¬ááá¬ážááŸá¬ á¡áá»áẠ= á¡ááœá¬á¡áá±áž/á¡áá»ááẠ(V = L/T) ááŒá áºáááºá
5. What are the limitations of UPV?
English:Â Surface condition, reinforcement presence, and operator skill can affect results.
Myanmar: áá»ááºááŸá¬ááŒááºá¡ááŒá±á¡áá±á áá¶áá»á±á¬ááºážááŸáááŸá¯ááŸáá·áº áá¯ááºáá¬ážáá»áœááºážáá»ááºááŸá¯ááá¯á·á ááááºáá»á¬ážááᯠáááºáá±á¬ááºááŸá¯ááŸáááá¯ááºáááºá
6. What is Pundit test?
English:Â Pundit test is a common commercial name for UPV testing equipment.
Myanmar: Pundit test ááẠUPV á ááºážáááºáááááá¬á¡ááœáẠá¡áá¯á¶ážáá»á¬ážáá±á¬ á á®ážááœá¬ážááŒá áºá¡áááºáá áºáá¯ááŒá áºáááºá
7. How to calculate UPV?
English:Â Using formula V = L/T, where L is path length and T is transit time.
Myanmar: V = L/T áá¯á¶áá±áááºážááᯠá¡áá¯á¶ážááŒá¯áááºá L ááẠááœá¬ážáá±á¬ááºááá·áºá¡ááœá¬á¡áá±ážááŒá áºááŒá®áž T ááẠááŒááºáááºážáá»áááºááŒá áºáááºá
8. What is the frequency of UPV?
English:Â Typical frequency range is 20 kHz to 150 kHz.
Myanmar: áá¯á¶ááŸááºááŒáááºááŸá¯ááºážá¡ááá¯ááºážá¡áá¬ááŸá¬ 20 kHz á០150 kHz á¡ááááŒá áºáááºá
9. Can UPV detect cracks?
English:Â Yes, UPV can detect and locate cracks and voids in concrete.
Myanmar: áá¯ááºáá²á·á UPV ááẠááœááºááá áºá¡ááœááºážááŸá á¡ááºááŒá±á¬ááºážáá»á¬ážááŸáá·áº áá±áá¬áááºáá»á¬ážááᯠááŸá¬ááœá±ááœá±á·ááŸáááá¯ááºáááºá
10. What is the minimum concrete age for UPV test?
English:Â UPV can be performed at any age, but 7 days is common for initial assessment.
Myanmar: UPV ááᯠáááºááá·áºá¡áááºááœááºáááᯠááŒá¯áá¯ááºááá¯ááºáá±á¬áºáááºáž áááŠážá¡áá²ááŒááºááẠá áááºááẠáá¯á¶ááŸááºááŒá áºáááºá
ð§° Level 1 â Minor Repair
PCB Soldering
Angulation Adjustment
Epoxy Glue Mixing
Nozzle Replacement
Bending Rubber Replacement
Manual Reprocessing
âïž Level 2 â Middle Repair
CCD Replacement
Biopsy Channel Replacement
Air / Water Channel Replacement
Suction Tube Replacement
Control Body Overhaul
Light Guide Cable Replacement
Light Guide Connector Replacement
ð© Level 3 â Major Repair
Insertion Tube Replacement
Light Guide Bundle Replacement
Segment Assembly Replacement
ð¡ Light Source Repair
Main Board Replacement
Front Panel Replacement
Air Pump Replacement
Lamp Driver Replacement
Power Supply Replacement
ð¥ Video Processor Repair
Main Board Replacement
Front Panel Replacement
Power Supply Replacement


Yes â you can use a referral (employee referral) module in Odoo 18 (or build/extend one) to help you get more talent. In fact, Odoo provides a built-in Referrals app starting in version 18 that is explicitly intended for that purpose. (Odoo)
Below is a breakdown of how it works, its benefits, and what to watch out for â plus advice on using it well (or extending it) to maximize your recruitment.
How Odooâs Built-In Referral Module Works
Here are the key features and how they help with recruitment:
| Feature | Description / How It Helps | Requirements / Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Referrals app | A dedicated app (âReferralsâ) where employees can see job positions and make referrals. (Odoo) | You must install Employees, Recruitment, and Website apps for Referrals to function. (Odoo) |
| Job sharing via multiple channels | Employees can share job links via email, SMS, WhatsApp, social media, etc., with tracking so the referrer is properly attributed. (Odoo) | Sharing works only for published job positions. (Odoo) |
| Referral points / gamification | As referrals move through screening, interview, hiring stages, the referring employee earns âpoints.â (Odoo) | You configure how many points are given at each stage. (Cybrosys Technologies) |
| Rewards / redeeming | Points can be exchanged for rewards; custom reward items can be defined. (Odoo) | Youâll need to define what rewards are acceptable, and manage the reward âshopâ side. |
| Tracking & reporting | You can see how many referrals, how many in process, how many converted (âhiredâ), etc. (Odoo) | Use the built-in dashboards or build your own reports based on referral data. |
| Configuration & alerts | You can set alerts for deadlines, customize dashboards, onboarding slides, notifications, etc. (Netilligence) | You should plan the alert rules, messaging, and thresholds carefully. |
So yes â the module is quite mature and integrated with Odooâs recruitment machinery. It can help transform your employees into active âtalent scoutsâ who extend your recruitment reach into their personal networks.
Benefits of Using Referral Module for Hiring
Using a referral module gives you multiple advantages:
Better quality candidates
Employee referrals often bring in candidates who are more reliable, better-matched culturally, and more motivated, as they come with an internal endorsement.Faster hiring cycles
Because referrals often skip early âsourcingâ phases and come with some pre-vetting, you can move more quickly.Lower cost per hire
Referral programs typically cost less than job boards, agencies, or paid ads (depending on reward design).Employee engagement
Involving employees in hiring can boost morale, ownership, and a sense of shared responsibility.Broader reach
Employeesâ personal and professional networks can reach candidates you might not otherwise find.Accountability & transparency
Since referrals are tracked in the same system (Recruitment + Referrals), thereâs less chance of lost data or "who referred whom" confusion.
Challenges & Things to Watch Out For
While itâs a powerful tool, here are pitfalls and challenges to handle:
Gaming / low-quality referrals
Some employees might refer just to âget the reward.â You need quality filters, guidelines, and maybe minimum eligibility checks.Fairness / bias
Over-reliance on referrals might favor certain social networks and reduce diversity.Reward design
The reward must be meaningful but sustainable. Too small, and no one participates; too large, and it becomes costly.Tracking & attribution
Ensure your referral links, tracking, and attribution logic are accurate (no loopholes).Adoption / awareness
Employees must know of the program, understand how to refer, and be motivated to participate.System integration
If you have custom recruitment flows or third-party systems, you may need to integrate or extend the module.
Best Practices to Make It Work
Communicate the referral program well (why it matters, how to use it, rewards, rules).
Provide training or walkthroughs so employees know how to make referrals.
Monitor results: how many referrals, conversion rates, cost vs benefit.
Adjust reward levels and rules over time.
Combine referrals with other sourcing channels (referrals should supplement, not replace).
Periodically audit to ensure quality referrals and prevent abuse.
Extending or Customizing Referral Functionality
If the built-in module doesnât meet all your needs (for example, more complex referral bonus logic, multi-level referrals, external ambassadors, etc.), you have options:
Use or adapt third-party modules (e.g. âEmployee Referrals for Jobsâ in the Odoo Apps store) (Odoo Apps Store)
Customize the referral module yourself (add fields, workflows, logic)
Integrate external referral / job board systems with Odoo
Automate notifications, Slack / chat integration, or APIs
If you like, I can walk you through step-by-step how to enable and configure the Referrals app in Odoo 18 (or even propose customizations to better suit your local context). Do you want me to send you those steps?
ð âOdooâs Built-In Referral Module â Attracting and Engaging More Talentâ
ááŒááºáá¬áá¬áá¬: âOdoo á Built-In Referral Module ááŒáá·áº ááœá±ážáá±á¬ááºááá¯ááºáá±á¬ á¡áá¯ááºá¡ááá¯ááºáá»áŸá±á¬ááºáá°áá»á¬áž áááŸáá á±ááŒááºážâ
ð¯ Overall Course Objective
To enable HR, Recruitment, and Department Managers to effectively use Odoo 18âs Referrals app to attract quality candidates, motivate employees, and measure results.
ð§© Module Structure
| No. | Module Title | Key Learning Goal | Duration (approx.) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Introduction to Odooâs Referral System Odoo Referral á áá áºá¡ááŒá±á¬ááºáž | Understand the concept, importance, and benefits of referral recruitment. | 10 min |
| 2 | Installing & Activating the Referral App Referral App áááºáááºááŒááºážááŸáá·áº á¡áááºááœááºážááŒááºáž | Learn how to install, activate, and link with Odoo Recruitment. | 15 min |
| 3 | Creating Referral Campaigns & Jobs Referral Campaign ááŸáá·áº á¡áá¯ááºá¡ááá¯áẠáááºáá®ážááŒááºáž | Create job positions visible to employees and publish referral campaigns. | 15 min |
| 4 | Sharing Job Links & Tracking Referrals á¡áá¯ááºá¡ááá¯ááºááá·áºáẠáá»áŸáá±ááŒááºážááŸáá·áº á á±á¬áá·áºááŒáá·áºááŒááºáž | Understand job-link sharing, candidate tracking, and referral attribution. | 20 min |
| 5 | Configuring Points & Rewards (Gamification) á¡ááŸááºááŸáá·áº áá¯áá»á±áž á áá ẠááŒááºáááºááŒááºáž | Configure point rules, reward items, and gamification levels. | 20 min |
| 6 | Employee Dashboard & Leaderboard áááºáááºáž Dashboard ááŸáá·áº á¡ááŸáẠá á¬áááºážááá¬áž | Learn how employees view, share, and monitor their referral progress. | 15 min |
| 7 | Approving & Hiring Referred Candidates á¡ááŒá¶ááŒá¯áá»áŸá±á¬ááºáá°áá»á¬áž á¡áááºááŒá¯ááŒááºážááŸáá·áº á¡áá¯ááºáá±ážááŒááºáž | Review referral candidates, approve, and integrate with HR onboarding. | 15 min |
| 8 | Reporting & Analytics á¡á á®áááºáá¶á á¬ááŸáá·áº áááºážá á áºáá»áẠ| Generate reports on referral success rates and cost-per-hire metrics. | 10 min |
| 9 | Maintaining Fairness & Compliance ááá¬ážáá»áŸáááŸá¯ááŸáá·áº ááá¯ááºáá¬ááŸá¯ | Apply fair-play, data privacy, and anti-bias guidelines in referral use. | 10 min |
| 10 | Best Practices & Continuous Improvement á¡áá±á¬ááºážáá¯á¶áž áá¯ááºáááºážáá»á¬ážááŸáá·áº ááá¯ážáááºááŸá¯ | Learn real-case practices and how to evolve referral culture company-wide. | 10 min |
ð Course Output
Employees can refer candidates confidently through Odoo.
HR can configure reward and tracking systems.
Management can analyze referral efficiency and ROI.
Culture of shared recruitment ownership is built across departments.
â What You Can Test
Â
To assess candidates' English skills comprehensively, you can include:
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1. Reading Comprehension
Â
⢠Short passages with multiple-choice questions.
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⢠Business emails or memos with follow-up questions.
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2. Writing Skills
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⢠Prompt-based writing (e.g., âWrite a reply to this customer complaintâ).
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⢠Summarizing a short article or email.
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3. Business English
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⢠Vocabulary and phrase usage in business contexts.
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⢠Email etiquette, tone, and clarity.
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⢠Scenario-based tasks (e.g., responding to a supplier delay).
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ᅩ
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ð ïž How to Implement in Odoo 18 Enterprise
Â
Odooâs eLearning, Recruitment, and Survey modules can be combined to create a smooth testing experience:
Â
1. Use the Survey Module
Â
⢠Create a multi-section survey:
Â
⢠Section 1: Reading comprehension (MCQs).
Â
⢠Section 2: Business vocabulary (MCQs or matching).
Â
⢠Section 3: Writing task (long text input).
Â
⢠Enable scoring and time limits.
Â
⢠Assign surveys automatically to applicants via the Recruitment module.
Â
2. Use the eLearning Module (Optional)
Â
⢠Provide short lessons or examples before the test.
Â
⢠Include sample business emails or writing tips.
Â
⢠Track completion and engagement.
Â
3. Automate with Recruitment Workflow
Â
⢠Trigger the test automatically when a candidate reaches a certain stage.
Â
⢠Store results in the candidateâs profile.
Â
⢠Use filters to shortlist candidates based on scores.
Â
ᅩ
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ð§ Suggestions to Make It Effective
Â
⢠Dual-language instructions (English + Myanmar) to ensure clarity.
Â
⢠Include real-world business scenarios from your company (e.g., Odoo-related tasks, customer communication).
Â
⢠Use grading rubrics for writing tasks (clarity, grammar, tone, relevance).
Â
⢠Consider adding audio prompts later for listening comprehension.
Â
ᅩ
Â
Listening and speaking are essential components of English proficiency, especially for roles involving customer interaction, presentations, or team collaboration. While Odoo 18 Enterprise doesnât natively support audio recording or speech recognition, you can still integrate these components effectively into your recruitment workflow. Here's how:
Â
ᅩ
Â
ð§ Listening Test Options
Â
â Option 1: Use External Tools + Odoo Integration
Â
⢠Use platforms like Google Forms, Typeform, or ClassMarker to host audio-based questions.
Â
⢠Embed audio clips (e.g., customer calls, business meetings) and ask comprehension questions.
Â
⢠Link the test in Odooâs Survey module or Recruitment stage using a URL.
Â
â Option 2: Upload Audio in Odoo eLearning
Â
⢠Upload MP3 files or embed YouTube videos in eLearning lessons.
Â
⢠Follow up with MCQs or short answers based on the audio content.
Â
ᅩ
Â
ð£ïž Speaking Test Options
Â
â Option 1: Manual Recording Submission
Â
⢠Ask candidates to record answers to prompts (e.g., âIntroduce yourself,â âExplain how youâd handle a customer complaintâ).
Â
⢠Use free tools like Vocaroo, SpeakPipe, or Google Drive for uploads.
Â
⢠Candidates submit the link or file via Odooâs Survey or Recruitment form.
Â
â Option 2: Live Interview Stage
Â
⢠After passing reading/writing/listening, schedule a live video interview.
Â
⢠Use a structured rubric to assess fluency, pronunciation, grammar, and business vocabulary.
Â
ᅩ
Â
ð§© Suggested Workflow in Odoo
Â
1. Stage 1: Written Test (Survey Module)
Â
⢠Reading, writing, business English.
Â
2. Stage 2: Listening Test (External link or eLearning audio)
Â
⢠Audio comprehension.
Â
3. Stage 3: Speaking Test
Â
⢠Recorded response or live interview.
Â
4. Stage 4: Final Evaluation
Â
⢠Combine scores and feedback in the candidate profile.
Â
Â
â for a robust assessment, each section should ideally contain 10 to 30 multiple-choice questions (MCQs). This allows for better differentiation between candidates and more reliable scoring.
Â
Hereâs how we can expand each section:
Â
ᅩ
Â
â Expanded Test Structure
Â
ð¹ Section 1: Reading Comprehension
Â
⢠10â30 MCQs
Â
⢠Each based on short business-related passages (emails, memos, reports)
Â
⢠Topics: shipment delays, meeting summaries, internal announcements
Â
ᅩ
Â
ð¹ Section 2: Writing Skills
Â
⢠2â3 writing prompts
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⢠Candidates choose one or complete all
Â
⢠Topics: complaint handling, proposal writing, internal communication
Â
ᅩ
Â
ð¹ Section 3: Business English Vocabulary
Â
⢠10â30 MCQs
Â
⢠Focus on idioms, phrases, and terminology used in:
Â
⢠Sales
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⢠Customer service
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⢠Internal meetings
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⢠Email etiquette
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ᅩ
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ð¹ Section 4: Listening Comprehension
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⢠10â20 audio-based MCQs
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⢠Audio clips: customer calls, meeting recordings, voicemail messages
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⢠Each followed by 1â2 questions
Â
ᅩ
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ð¹ Section 5: Speaking Task
Â
⢠1â2 speaking prompts
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⢠Candidates record and submit responses
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⢠Topics: self-introduction, handling objections, explaining a product
Â
Section 1: Reading Comprehension â with 30 multiple-choice
questions (MCQs). These are designed for job candidates and focus on
business-related reading skills.
English Proficiency Test Framework inside Odoo 18 Enterprise.
Hereâs how we can now structure and deploy it in a ready-to-use Odoo format for your HR and Recruitment workflow at Concordia Public Company Limited (or any similar organization):
ð English Proficiency Test (Full Framework for Odoo 18 Enterprise)
ð§ Odoo Module Mapping
| Section | Odoo Module | Function |
|---|---|---|
| 1ïžâ£ Reading & Vocabulary | Survey | MCQs with auto-scoring |
| 2ïžâ£ Writing | Survey (Essay questions) | Manual grading with rubrics |
| 3ïžâ£ Listening | eLearning + Audio | Embed YouTube or MP3 links |
| 4ïžâ£ Speaking | Recruitment Form / Google Drive Link | Candidate uploads voice recording |
| 5ïžâ£ Grading & Results | Recruitment App + Stage Automation | Score recorded in candidate profile |
ð§© Recruitment Workflow Integration
| Stage | Test Component | Action | Automation |
|---|---|---|---|
| Stage 1 | Written Test (Reading + Vocabulary) | Candidate receives Odoo Survey link | Auto-email from Odoo |
| Stage 2 | Writing Task | Candidate submits writing | HR reviews + scores manually |
| Stage 3 | Listening | Candidate listens to audio and answers MCQs | Auto-evaluate |
| Stage 4 | Speaking | Candidate records response and submits link | Manual evaluation |
| Stage 5 | Evaluation | HR reviews total score | Candidate moved to âQualifiedâ or âRejectedâ |
ð§® Scoring & Weightage Recommendation
| Section | Weight (%) | Evaluation Type |
|---|---|---|
| Reading Comprehension | 25% | Auto |
| Writing Skills | 20% | Manual |
| Business English Vocabulary | 20% | Auto |
| Listening | 15% | Auto |
| Speaking | 20% | Manual |
ð¡ Passing Score: 70% overall (minimum 50% per section)
ð HR Dashboard (Odoo Custom View)
Add a new Kanban or Pivot View showing:
Candidate Name
Test Completed (%)
Reading Score
Writing Score
Listening Score
Speaking Score
Overall Grade (A/B/C/D/F)
Stage: âWritten Test / Oral / Final Reviewâ
This allows HR and Department Heads to see performance at a glance.
ð¬ Localization & Accessibility
Dual-language interface (English + Myanmar) for clarity.
Myanmar instructions on top of each question (as you provided).
Optional font setting for Myanmar Unicode in Odoo 18 (eLearning and Survey views).
You can tag each question set by role â Sales, Customer Service, Engineering â to create role-specific tests later.
ð Next Step Options
Would you like me to prepare:
â Odoo Survey Import Template (CSV/XLSX) â ready to upload your 30 MCQs (Reading, Vocabulary, Listening)?
â Writing Rubric Template â for HR evaluators to grade tone, clarity, and grammar?
â Speaking Evaluation Form â for structured scoring (Fluency, Pronunciation, Grammar, Vocabulary, Confidence)?
- Heading: âWhat is EmpirBus?â / âEmpirBus ááá¯áá¬áá¬áá²?â
Section: System Overview (English paragraph + Myanmar translation)
Section: Key Components (Input Module, Output Module, CAN Bus)
Section: How it Works (short workflow diagram)
Section: Benefits of EmpirBus / EmpirBus á á¡áá»áá¯ážáá»á±ážáá°ážáá»á¬áž
Section: Typical Applications / á¡áá¯á¶ážááŒá¯ááá¯ááºááá·áº áá±áá¬áá»á¬áž
Section: Quick Guide â Example Project âPress Switch â Light ONâ
Footer: YouTube Video Link / FAQs & MCQs noteÂ
2. YouTube Link
https://youtu.be/-7iOvbNltjQ- 3. FAQs with Answers (10)
- 1. What is EmpirBus? / EmpirBus ááá¯áá¬áá¬áá²?
- English:
- EmpirBus is a CAN-based digital switching system used in marine and vehicle applications. It replaces traditional switch panels and wiring with modules connected through a CAN network.
- Myanmar:
- EmpirBus ááẠáá±ááŒá±á¬ááºážááŸáá·áº áá¬áž/áá¬ááºáá»á¬ážááœáẠá¡áá¯á¶ážááŒá¯ááá¯ááºáá±á¬ CAN-áá°áááºáž áá áºáá»á áºááẠswitch á áá áºááŒá áºáááºá áááºážááẠááá¯ážáᬠswitch panel áá»á¬ážááŸáá·áº áá«áá¬áá»á¬ážááᯠCAN network ááŸáááá·áº áá»áááºáááºáá¬ážáá±á¬ module áá»á¬ážááŒáá·áº á¡á á¬ážááá¯ážáá±ážáááºá
- 2. How it Works / á áá áºáááºáááºáá¯á¶
- English:
- User presses a switch/button â Input Module detects signal â Command travels through CAN bus â Output Module activates device (light, pump, etc.)
- Myanmar:
- á¡áá¯á¶ážááŒá¯áá°ááẠswitch/button ááᯠááŸáááºáá«á Input Module ááẠsignal ááᯠááááºážáááºážááŒá®áž CAN bus ááŸáááá·áº command ááœá¬ážáá«ááẠâ Output Module ááẠdevice (áá®áž, pump, á áááº) ááᯠá¡áá¯ááºáá¯ááºá á±áááºá
- 3. Key Components / á¡áááá¡á áááºá¡ááá¯ááºážáá»á¬áž
Reduces wiring and installation time
Easier troubleshooting and diagnostics
Modular and expandable system
Supports automation and logic control
Integrates with Garmin displays
áá«áá¬ááŸáá·áº ááá·áºááœááºážáá»áááºááᯠáá»áŸá±á¬á·áá»áááº
ááŒá¿áá¬ááŸá¬ááœá±áááºááŸáá·áº á¡ááŒá±á¡áá±á á áºáá±ážááẠááœááºáá°áááº
module á¡ááŒá±áá¶ááŒá®áž á¡áá»á²á·ááá¯ááºáááº
automation ááŸáá·áº logic ááááºážáá»á¯ááºááŸá¯ááᯠáá±á¬ááºáá¶á·áááº
Garmin display ááŸáá·áº áá±á«ááºážá ááºááá¯ááºáááº
Q: What does EmpirBus do? / EmpirBus ááẠáá¬áá¯ááºááá¯ááºááá²?
A: EmpirBus replaces traditional switching with CAN-based digital control. / EmpirBus ááẠCAN-áá°áááºáž á áá áºááŒáá·áº ááá¯ážáᬠswitch áá»á¬ážááᯠá¡á á¬ážááá¯ážáááºáQ: Which network does EmpirBus use? / EmpirBus ááẠááẠnetwork ááá¯á¡áá¯á¶ážááŒá¯ááá²?
A: It uses CAN bus to communicate between modules. / Module áá»á¬ážá¡ááŒá¬áž áááºááœááºááẠCAN bus ááᯠá¡áá¯á¶ážááŒá¯áááºáQ: Main modules of the system? / á áá áºá á¡ááá module áá»á¬áž?
A: Input, Output, Power Modules, HMI/Display. / Input, Output, Power Module ááŸáá·áº HMI/Display áá»á¬ážáQ: Can functionality be changed without rewiring? / Rewiring áááá¯áá² áá¯ááºáá±á¬ááºááá¯ááºááá¬áž?
A: Yes, via LogiX software. / áá¯ááºáá²á·á LogiX software ááŸáááá·áº ááŒááºáááºááá¯ááºáááºáQ: Benefit in wiring reduction? / áá«áá¬áá»áŸá±á¬á·áá»ááŒááºážá á¡áá»áá¯ážáá»á±ážáá°áž?
A: Reduces long wiring runs by using modules and CAN bus. / Modules ááŸáá·áº CAN bus ááᯠá¡áá¯á¶ážááŒá¯á áá«áᬠááŸááºáá»á¬ážááᯠáá»áŸá±á¬á·áá»ááá¯ááºáááºáQ: Integration with Garmin displays? / Garmin display ááŸáá·áº áá±á«ááºážá ááºááá¯ááºááá¬áž?
A: Yes â supports MFD control. / áá¯ááºáá²á·á MFD ááááºážáá»á¯ááºááŸá¯ááᯠáá±á¬ááºáá¶á·áááºáQ: What power systems are supported? / ááẠvoltage system ááœá±ááᯠáááºáá°ááá¯ááºááá²?
A: 12V / 24V DC systems. / 12V / 24V DC á áá áºáá»á¬ážáQ: What if CAN network fails? / CAN network áá»ááºááœá¬ážáááº?
A: Many modules include manual override. / CAN network ááá¯ááºáá±á¬ááºáá«á module áá»á¬ážááœáẠmanual override áá«áááºáááºáQ: Is it suitable for boats only? / áá±áá¬ááºááœá±áá²áá¯á¶ážááá¯ááºááá¬áž?
A: No â also for RVs and specialty vehicles. / áá±áá¬ááºáá¬áá RV ááŸáá·áº á¡áá°ážáá¬ááºáá»á¬ážááœááºáááºáž á¡áá¯á¶ážááŒá¯ááá¯ááºáááºá- Q: How to reset a tripped channel fuse? / tripped channel fuse ááᯠáááºááᯠreset áá¯ááºááá²?
A: Use RESET/AUTO function on module. / RESET/AUTO function ááᯠmodule ááœáẠá¡áá¯á¶ážááŒá¯áá«á - Here are sample FAQs:
| Component | Function | á¡ááẠ| á¡áá¯ááºáá¯ááºááŸá¯ |
|---|---|---|---|
| Input Module | Receives signals from switches/sensors | Input Module | switch/ sensor signal ááᯠáááºáá¶ááẠ|
| Output Module | Controls devices like lights and pumps | Output Module | áá®ážááŸáá·áº pump á ááẠdevice áá»á¬ážááᯠááááºážáá»á¯ááºááẠ|
| Power Module | Provides protected power distribution | Power Module | áá¯á¶ááŒá¯á¶á áááºáá»ááá±á¬ á áœááºážá¡áẠááŒáá·áºáá±ááŸá¯áá±ážááẠ|
| HMI/Display | Touchscreen for system control | HMI/Display | á áá áºááᯠááááºážáá»á¯ááºááẠtouchscreen |
4. Benefits / á¡áá»áá¯ážáá»á±ážáá°ážáá»á¬áž
English:
Myanmar:
5. Example Project / ááá°áá¬ááá±á¬áá»ááº
English:
Press Switch â Light ON
Logic: IF Input1=ON â Output1=ON
Configurable via LogiX software
Myanmar:
Switch ááᯠááŸáááºáá« â Light ON
Logic: IF Input1=ON â Output1=ON
LogiX software ááŸáááá·áº ááŒááºáááºááá¯ááºáááº
6. FAQs / áá±ážááŒááºážáá»á¬áž
| # | Question | Answer |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | What does EmpirBus do? | It replaces traditional switching with a CAN-bus digital network controlling devices like lights, pumps, etc. |
| 2 | Which network does EmpirBus use? | It uses CAN-bus (e.g., NMEA 2000 compatible) communication to transmit commands between modules. static.garmin.com+2Manuals++2 |
| 3 | What are the main modules of the system? | Input Modules, Output Modules, Power/Distribution Modules, and Touchscreen HMI. |
| 4 | Can you change functionality without rewiring? | Yes â logic and switching behavior can be changed via software (LogiX) rather than physical rewiring. |
| 5 | What is the benefit in wiring reduction? | Because modules are placed near loads and share a CAN-bus, long wiring runs and multiple cables are reduced significantly. raymarine.com+1 |
| 6 | Is integration with Garmin displays possible? | Yes â EmpirBus supports integration with Garmin and other MFDs for touchscreen control and automation. |
| 7 | What power systems can it handle? | The modules are designed for 12 V / 24 V systems commonly used in boats and specialist vehicles. static.garmin.com |
| 8 | What happens if the CAN network fails? | Many modules include manual override or failsafe functions allowing channels to be switched manually. static.garmin.com |
| 9 | Is it suitable for boats only? | No â while marine is primary, it can be used in RVs, mobile homes, specialty vehicles etc. |
| 10 | How do I reset a tripped channel fuse? | Instructions are in the user manual: e.g., select channel, hold RESET/AUTO for two seconds, channel resets. static.garmin.com |
Assets Policy
Module 1 â Bilingual Glossary Foundation (60 Terms)
Objective: Build bilingual literacy in asset management terminology.
Content: 60 glossary terms (English â Myanmar) covering asset categories, verification roles, audit terms, and financial thresholds.
Activity: Interactive flashcards + matching quiz.
Outcome: Staff can confidently use bilingual terms in daily asset policy discussions.
Module 2 â Assets Policy Overview
Objective: Introduce the companyâs official Assets Policy.
Content:
Purpose: accountability, transparency, compliance.
Scope: all assets, regardless of value.
Key principles: consistency, documentation, audit readiness.
Activity: Short explainer video + reflection questions.
Outcome: Staff understand why the policy exists and how it supports operations.
Module 3 â Verification Thresholds
Objective: Teach staff the verification process by asset value.
Content:
> 100 USD: Threeâparty verification (Using Dept + Paperâwork Keeper + Internal Audit).
†100 USD and > 50 USD: Twoâparty verification.
†50 USD: Endâuser department only.
Activity: Scenarioâbased exercises (e.g., âPrinter worth $80 â who signs off?â).
Outcome: Staff apply correct verification steps by category.
Module 4 â External Audit Clause
Objective: Clarify external vs internal reporting.
Content:
External audits count only > 100 USD assets to avoid clutter.
Internal records still track †100 USD and †50 USD assets for order and discipline.
Activity: Case study comparing audit reports with and without lowâvalue assets.
Outcome: Staff understand the balance between audit efficiency and internal accountability.
Module 5 â Asset Ground Check (3âSecond Report)
Objective: Train staff to perform rapid triage checks using Smart PMâs principle.
Content:
TrafficâLight System:
ð¢ Green = OK / Working
ð¡ Yellow = Needs verification / repair decision
ðŽ Red = Verified scrap / decommission
Checks: Status, Serial Number (SN), Custodian.
Escalation:
Immediate (24 hrs) â Missing SN (> 100 USD), asset not found.
Routine (7 days) â Custodian mismatch, incomplete documentation.
Activity: Interactive checklist simulation (staff mark Green/Yellow/Red for sample assets).
Outcome: Staff can complete a triage check in under 3 seconds per asset.
Module 6 â Reporting, Escalation & WhistleâBlower Policy
Objective: Ensure staff know how to report issues and escalate responsibly.
Content:
What to report: Missing SN, wrong custodian, damaged assets.
When/how to escalate: Immediate vs routine timelines.
Whistleâblower protection: Anonymous reporting, no retaliation, Internal Audit followâup within 14 days.
Activity: Roleâplay scenarios (e.g., âLaptop > 100 USD with missing SN â what do you do?â).
Outcome: Staff understand reporting channels and protections.
Module 7 â Documentation & Workflow
Objective: Train staff on proper paperwork and Odoo asset entry.
Content:
Asset codes, invoices, custodian details.
Filing by Paperâwork Keeper (5âOff).
Internal Audit review cycle.
Activity: Handsâon Odoo simulation (entering an asset record).
Outcome: Staff can correctly register and document assets in the system.
Module 8 â Interactive Quiz & Certification
Objective: Reinforce learning and certify staff understanding.
Content: Multipleâchoice quiz (10â15 questions) covering glossary, policy overview, thresholds, audit clause, triage, and workflow.
Activity: Autoâgraded quiz with explanations.
Outcome: Staff receive completion certificate for Assets Policy training.
ð Suggested Flow for eLearning
Glossary Warmâup â Build bilingual vocabulary.
Policy Overview â Understand purpose and scope.
Threshold Scenarios â Practice decisionâmaking by asset value.
Audit Case Study â Learn external vs internal reporting.
Triage Simulation â Apply Green/Yellow/Red checks.
Reporting & Escalation â Learn whistleâblower protections.
Workflow Simulation â Apply documentation in Odoo.
Final Quiz & Certificate â Validate knowledge.
E-Learning Module: Efficient Meeting & Training Documentation
Module Objective:Â To train staff on a standardized process for capturing meetings/trainings and automatically logging structured notes in Odoo 18.
Core Workflow Summary:
RECORD:Â Capture audio and screen (with slides).
TRANSCRIBE:Â Use AI to generate notes from the audio and slides.
LOG:Â Save the final notes to the relevant Contact in Odoo 18.
1. Step-by-Step Procedure
Here is the simple, step-by-step process for your staff to follow.
| Step | Action | Tool(s) Needed | Key Points |
| ð ïž 1. Preparation | Before the meeting, ensure you have the right to record and inform participants. | - | Get verbal consent. Have the slide deck ready to share on screen. |
| ð¥ 2. Record | Start a recording that captures both the conversation and the slides. | Microsoft Teams / Zoom | Use the built-in "Record" feature. Ensure your microphone is on and your screen is shared. |
| ðŸ 3. Save & Get File | Save the recording to a cloud location and get a shareable link. | OneDrive / Google Drive / Zoom Cloud | The recording will be processed automatically after the meeting ends. |
| ð£ïž 4. Transcribe | Use an AI tool to convert the audio into text and combine it with slide content. | Microsoft Copilot / Otter.ai / Google Gemini | Pro Tip: Paste the text from the slides into the AI prompt for highly accurate notes. |
| âïž 5. Review & Finalize | Edit the AI-generated notes for clarity, action items, and decisions. | Word / Google Docs | This is a crucial quality control step. The AI provides a draft; you provide the context. |
| ð¥ 6. Log in Odoo | Save the final notes to the correct company's contact record. | Odoo 18 Enterprise | Navigate to the specific Contact (Supplier/Customer) and create a new note in the Chatter or dedicated notes field. |
2. E-Learning Module Structure
This can be broken down into a short, multi-part course.
Module 1: Introduction & Why This Matters
Content:Â Benefits of the new process (saves time, ensures accuracy, creates a searchable knowledge base in Odoo).
Activity:Â A short quiz on the benefits.
Module 2: The Recording Phase (Step 1-3)
Content:
Video demo: How to record a meeting in Teams/Zoom with screen sharing.
Best practices for audio quality (using a microphone, minimizing background noise).
How to save the file and get a shareable link from OneDrive/Google Drive.
Activity:Â A simulated practice where learners must successfully share their screen and start a recording.
Module 3: The AI Transcription & Note-Taking Phase (Step 4-5)
Content:
Bilingual Focus:Â Demonstrate prompting the AI in both English and Myanmar.
Example Prompt (English):Â "Create a structured meeting summary from the following transcript and the provided slide text. Include: 1. Key Discussion Points, 2. Decisions Made, 3. Action Items (with owners), 4. Next Steps."
Example Prompt (Myanmar): "á¡á±á¬ááºáá« Transcript ááŸáá·áº Slide á á¬áá¬ážáá»á¬ážááᯠá¡ááŒá±áá¶á á¡á ááºážá¡áá±ážá¡áá»ááºážáá»á¯ááºáá±ážáá±ážáá«á áá á¡ááá ááœá±ážááœá±ážáá»ááºáá»á¬ážá áá áá¯á¶ážááŒááºáá»ááºáá»á¬ážá áá áá¯ááºáá±á¬ááºáááºá¡áá»ááºáá»á¬áž (áá¬áááºááŸááá°ááŸáá·áºá¡áá°)á áá áá±á¬ááºáá¯ááºáááá·áºá¡ááá·áºáá»á¬áž áá«áááºáá«á á±á"
Video demo: Copying text from a PDF slide deck and using it with a transcript in an AI tool.
How to review and edit the AI's output for mistakes or missing context.
Activity:Â Learners are given a sample audio transcript and slide text. They must use a free AI tool to generate a summary and then edit it.
Module 4: The Odoo Logging Phase (Step 6)
Content:
Video demo: Navigating to a specific Customer/Supplier contact in Odoo 18.
How to create a new note or log in the "Chatter" (the timeline on the right) or a custom "Meetings" tab.
Best practice: Use a clear title (e.g., "Q4 Review Meeting - 26 Nov 2025") and paste the finalized notes.
Activity:Â A guided simulation within an Odoo test database where learners must find a contact and log a practice note.
Module 5: End-of-Course Assessment & Resources
Content:
Final Quiz:Â A combination of multiple-choice and "put-the-steps-in-order" questions.
Quick Reference Guide (Cheat Sheet):Â A one-page PDF summarizing all 6 steps and the example AI prompts in both languages.
Troubleshooting Guide:Â What to do if the AI fails, if the recording is corrupted, etc.
Suggested Tools & Workflow Integration
| Purpose | Recommended Tool | Why? |
| Recording | Microsoft Teams / Zoom | Standard corporate tools with excellent built-in recording and transcription features. |
| AI Transcription & Notes | Microsoft Copilot (with Teams Premium) | Seamlessly integrates if you use Teams. It can automatically identify speakers and generate summaries. |
| Otter.ai | A dedicated, powerful transcription service that handles multiple speakers very well. | |
| Google Gemini / ChatGPT | Excellent for the final "summarization" step, especially when you provide both the transcript and slide text. | |
| Final Logging | Odoo 18 Enterprise - Contacts | The system of record, ensuring all communication history is linked directly to the business partner. |
Implementation Advice:
Create a Standard Operating Procedure (SOP):Â Turn the 6-step guide above into a formal document.
Run a Pilot Program:Â Have a small team (e.g., the HR team itself) test the entire process and provide feedback before rolling it out company-wide.
Provide Tool Access: Ensure all staff have access to and basic training on the chosen AI tool (e.g., a company Copilot or Otter.ai license).
This structured approach will make the training clear, actionable, and effective for your staff. Would you like me to draft the one-page Quick Reference Guide or the specific prompts for the AI tools?
Here is a 2027-ready corporate motto + management framework for Concordia Public Company Limited â designed to work for IPO readiness, performance culture, and Board reporting.
Concordia 2027 Corporate Motto
ð âMeasure the Past. Build the Future.â
Concordia 2027 Motto
We hold ourselves accountable to evidence, not excuses.
We respect history through honest measurement â
and we build the future through disciplined execution.

1ïžâ£ REPORT THE PAST â With 3sec Variance, Not Emotion
(What happened vs What was promised)
ð Motto Interpretation (Past Focus)
"Measure the Past."
Means: Every department must present fact-based performance, not narratives.
Concordia commits to a culture where:
All reports include Target vs Actual
Every variance has a root cause
Every issue has a corrective action
No hiding behind:
External excuses
Market noise
Informal explanations
Personal opinions
ð Mandatory Past Report Format (Standard for All Departments)
| Area | Requirement |
| Budget | Planned vs Actual |
| Revenue | Target vs Achieved (%) |
| Cost | Budget vs Actual |
| Timeline | Plan vs Delivery |
| KPI | Target vs Result |
| Risk | Identified vs Occurred |
| Compliance | Expected vs Breached |
| People | Planned vs Actual |
| Inventory | Planned vs Available |
Every manager must answer:
â What was promised?
â What was delivered?
â What is the variance?
â Why did it happen?
â Who owns it?
â What will change?
ð¥ðšð© 3-Second Rule Standard
| Color | Meaning |
| ð© Green | Target achieved |
| ðš Yellow | Partial |
| ð¥ Red | Failed |
No PowerPoint storytelling without data.
Data first. Explanation later.
2ïžâ£ BUILD THE FUTURE â With KPI, Not Hope
(Where we go, how fast, by whom)
ð¯ Motto Interpretation (Future Focus)
"Build the Future."
Means: The future is not predicted â it is engineered by KPI discipline.
Concordia rejects:
â Hope-based planning
â Trend guessing
â Vision without dashboards
Concordia adopts:
â KPI-first culture
â Target-backed strategy
â Performance ownership
â Digital measurement
â Future Planning Framework (2025â2027)
Each department must submit:
ð· 1. Strategic Objective
"What must improve by 2027?"
ð· 2. KPI (Measurable)
"What number proves it?"
ð· 3. Baseline (Today)
"Where are we now?"
ð· 4. Target (2027)
"Where must we be?"
ð· 5. Key Initiatives
"What will move the KPI?"
ð· 6. Owner
"Who is accountable?"
ð Example: Sales Department
| Dimension | Sample |
| Objective | Increase market share |
| KPI | % growth / quarter |
| Baseline | 2025: 68% target achieved |
| 2027 Target | 95% target achievement |
| Initiatives | Territory redesign, key account strategy |
| Owner | CSO |
ð Example: Finance & Control
| Area | KPI |
| AR | DSO < 75 days |
| Inventory | Turnover > 4x |
| Closing | †5 working days |
| Audit | 0 High-risk findings |
| Cash | +30% liquidity buffer |
| Forecast | Accuracy ±5% |
| Compliance | 100% |
ð Example: Marketing & Product Team
| Area | KPI |
| Brand | Reach growth |
| Product | SKU coverage |
| Events | Launch count |
| Market | Territory penetration |
| Leads | Conversion |
| Coverage | Specialist visit KPI |
ð§ BOARD MESSAGE FOR 2027
We no longer judge performance by effort â only by evidence.
We no longer reward intent â only results.
We no longer excuse variance â we eliminate it.
ð¥ OPTIONAL ALTERNATIVE MOTTO STYLES
Conservative / Investor-Focused
âAccountability Today. Growth Tomorrow.â
Operational / Execution-Focused
âFacts First. Performance Always.â
High-Level Vision
âFrom Control to Growth.â
IPO Theme
âBuilt on Discipline. Priced on Performance.â
â Recommended Final Choice
ð CONCORDIA 2027
âMeasure the Past. Shape the Future.â
If you would like, I can also prepare:
â A Board Slide Deck (1â5 slides)
â Department-wise KPI Matrix
â CEO Townhall Version
â Myanmar bilingual version (corporate tone)
â Power BI Dashboard layout for this motto
â Poster / Visual wall design for Head Office
â Employee-friendly slogan version
Just tell me which one you want next.
ð CONCORDIA 2027
âVariance the Past. Build YOUR Future.â
â Corporate Interpretation (Official Meaning)
ð¹ âVariance the Pastâ
We do not rewrite history â we measure it honestly.
Concordia commits to:
Reporting Target vs Actual
Investigating variance, not excuses
Solving problems with data, not emotion
Treating variance as a management tool, not a blame tool
At Concordia, the past is not judged â
it is measured, learned from, and corrected.
ð¹ âBuild YOUR Futureâ
The future does not belong to position â it belongs to performance.
Concordia believes:
Careers are built by results
Growth is earned through discipline
Leadership is proven through delivery
Opportunity follows ownership
Every employee owns their KPI,
Every leader owns their result,
Every future is earned â not given.
ð¯ CULTURAL MESSAGE TO STAFF
âVariance the Pastâ means you are not punished for mistakes.
You are responsible for learning from them.
âBuild YOUR Futureâ means your future is not decided by politics,
but by performance.
ð BOARD & INVESTOR STATEMENT (Short Version)
CONCORDIA 2027 reflects our transformation into a performance-driven public company.
We institutionalize variance analysis as discipline,
and we empower our people to build measurable, accountable futures.
ð§ CEO TALKING POINT (TOWNHALL / AGM)
âWe donât hide numbers at Concordia.
We read them, learn from them, and rise from them.
Your past does not limit you â
but your discipline will define you.â
ðš BRANDING STYLE RECOMMENDATIONS
Logo Application
âVariance the Pastâ â Gray / Corporate Blue
âBuild YOUR Futureâ â Gold / Emerald / Highlight color
Emphasize YOUR in bold or contrast color
Wall Poster Style
Top line (light tone): Variance the Past
Bottom line (strong): Build YOUR Future
English:
This course offers an initial assessment of your English skills, focusing on the core areas of grammar, vocabulary, and reading comprehension. Through a series of structured exercises and real-life situational questions, you will demonstrate your grasp of everyday English. The results will help identify your current proficiency level and your readiness to progress to more advanced studies.
Myanmar (Burmese):
á€áááºáááºážááẠááá¹áá«á áá±á«áá¬á ááŸáá·áº á á¬áááºáá¬ážáááºááŸá¯á áœááºážááẠá¡á ááŸááá±á¬ á¡ááŒá±áá¶á¡ááºá¹áááááºá ᬠáá»áœááºážáá»ááºááŸá¯á¡ááá·áºááᯠá¡ááááá¬ážááá¯ááºážáá¬áá±ážáá«áááºá áááºááŸááºáá¬ážáá±á¬ áá±á·áá»áá·áºáááºážáá»á¬ážááŸáá·áº áááºááœá±á·ááá០áá¯á¶á á¶á¡áá»áá¯ážáá»áá¯ážááŸáááá·áº áá±ážááœááºážáá»á¬ážááᯠááŒá±ááá¯áááºáž áááºááẠáá±á·á ááºáá¯á¶áž á¡ááºá¹áááááºá ᬠá¡áá¯á¶ážáá»ááá¯ááºá áœááºážááᯠááŒáááá¯ááºáááºááŒá áºáááºá á€á á áºáá±ážááŸá¯ááááºááẠááá·áºááŸááááºážá áœá² á¡ááºá¹áááááºá ᬠá¡ááá·áºááŸáá·áº ááá¯ááá¯ááŒáá·áºáá¬ážáá±á¬ á¡ááºá¹áááááºá ᬠáááºáá°ááŸá¯á¡ááœáẠá¡áááºááá·áºááŒá áºááŸá¯ááᯠá¡áá²ááŒááºááẠáá°áá®áá±ážáá«áááá·áºáááºá
ð E-Learning Module: Sales Techniques for Survey Equipment
1. Reading Material (Dual Language â A4 size, ~2 pages)
English Version
Introduction
Selling survey equipment is not just about offering products; itâs about providing solutions to customer needs. Sales professionals must understand technical specifications, industry applications, and customer pain points.
Key Sales Techniques
Know Your Product
â Understand the features, benefits, and limitations of total stations, GPS/GNSS, drones, levels, and laser scanners.Understand Customer Needs
â Identify whether the customer is from construction, engineering, agriculture, or GIS.Consultative Selling
â Act as an advisor, not just a seller. Recommend the right tool based on application and budget.Demonstration & Hands-On Training
â Show customers how the instrument works; live demos build trust.Highlight Value, Not Just Price
â Explain accuracy, durability, warranty, and after-sales service.Build Long-Term Relationships
â Offer maintenance, calibration, and training services to keep customers loyal.Handle Objections Professionally
â Common objections: âToo expensive,â âToo complex,â or âNot necessary.â
â Respond with facts: ROI, efficiency, and reliability.
Conclusion
Successful sales in survey equipment depend on trust, knowledge, and service. A salesperson must be a problem solver who ensures the customer gets the right instrument for their work.
Myanmar Version (ááŒááºáá¬áá¬áá¬)
áááá«ááºáž
Survey Equipment á¡áá±á¬ááºážáá¯ááºáááºážááẠáááááá¬áá±á¬ááºážáá»ááŒááºážá¡ááœááºáá¬áá áá±á¬ááºáááºááá¯á¡ááºáá»ááºááŒá±ááŸááºážáá±ážááŒááºáž ááŒá áºáááºá á¡áá±á¬ááºážá¡áá¬áááºážáá»á¬ážááẠáááááá¬ááááºážááá¬á¡áá»ááºáá»á¬ážá á ááºááŸá¯á¡áá¯á¶ážáá»ááŸá¯áá»á¬ážááŸáá·áº áá±á¬ááºáááºááá¯á¡ááºáá»ááºáá»á¬ážááᯠáá¬ážáááºááááºá
á¡ááá á¡áá±á¬ááºážáááºážáá»á°áá¬áá»á¬áž
Product Knowledge ááŸááááº
â Total Station, GPS/GNSS, Drone, Level, Laser Scanner ááá¯á·á á¡áá»áá¯ážáá»á±ážáá°ážááŸáá·áº ááá·áºáááºáá»ááºáá»á¬ážááᯠáá¬ážáááºáá¬ážááááºááá±á¬ááºáááºááá¯á¡ááºáá»áẠáá¬ážáááºáááº
â áá±á¬ááºáá¯ááºáá±ážá á¡ááºáá»ááºáá®áá¬á á áá¯ááºáá»áá¯ážáá±áž ááá¯á·ááá¯áẠGIS ááá¹áá០áá¬áá°áá¬áž ááá¯áᬠááááááºáConsultative Selling
â áá±á¬ááºážáá°á¡áá±ááŒáá·áº ááá¯ááºáá² á¡ááŒá¶áá±ážáá°á¡ááŒá Ạááá·áºáá»á±á¬áºáá±á¬ áááááá¬ááᯠáááºááŒáááºáDemonstration & Training
â áááááá¬ááᯠááá¯ááºááá¯ááºááŒáááŒááºážááŒáá·áº áá¯á¶ááŒááºááŸá¯ áááŸáá á±áááºááááºááá¯ážááᯠá¡áá±ážáá±ážáááº
â áááá»ááŸá¯á ááá¯ááºáá¶á·ááŸá¯á á¡á¬ááá¶ááŸáá·áº After-Sales Service ááᯠá¡áá±ážááŒá®ážáá±ážáááºáRelationship áááºáá±á¬ááºáááº
â Calibration, Maintenance, Training áá»á¬ážáá±ážááŒááºážááŒáá·áº áá±á¬ááºáááºáá»á¬ážááᯠá áœá²ááŒá²á á±áááºáObjection ááᯠá¡áá»áá¯ážááŸáá áœá¬ ááŒá±ááŸááºážáááº
â âá á»á±ážááŒá®ážáááºâ, âá¡áá¯á¶ážáááºáááºâ á áááºááá¯á·ááᯠROI, á¡áá»áááºáááá»ááŸá¯, áá¯á¶ááŒááºá áááºáá»áááŸá¯ ááŒáá·áº ááŒá±ááŸááºážáááºá
áááá¯á¶ážáá»á¯ááº
Survey Equipment á¡áá±á¬ááºážá¡á±á¬ááºááŒááºááŸá¯ááẠáá¯á¶ááŒááºááŸá¯á ááá¯áá¯áá áááºáá±á¬ááºááŸá¯ áá±á«áºáá°áááºáááºá á¡áá±á¬ááºážá¡áá¬áááºážááẠProblem Solver ááŒá áºááááºá
2. Suggested YouTube Link
ð Sales Techniques for Technical Equipment
3. FAQs (10 with Dual Language)
Why is product knowledge important?
â Customers trust salespeople who know the instrument.
â Product Knowledge ááŸááá°ááᯠáá±á¬ááºáááºáá»á¬áž áá¯á¶ááŒááºáááºáWhat is consultative selling?
â Selling by advising and solving customer needs.
â áá±á¬ááºáááºááá¯á¡ááºáá»áẠááŒá±ááŸááºážáá±ážáá±á¬ á¡áá±á¬ááºážáááºážáHow do you handle price objections?
â Show value and ROI.
â áááºááá¯ážááŸáá·áº ROI ááŒáá·áº ááŸááºážááŒáááºáWhy are demonstrations useful?
â Customers see real results.
â ááá¯ááºááá¯ááºááŒáááŒááºážááŒáá·áº áá¯á¶ááŒááºá á±áááºáWhich customers prefer GPS/GNSS?
â GIS and large-area mapping users.
â GIS ááŸáá·áº ááŒá®ážáá¬ážáá±á¬ á§áááᬠááá¯á¡ááºáá°áá»á¬ážáWhy is after-sales support vital?
â Customers need calibration and training.
â Calibration ááŸáá·áº Training ááá¯á¡ááºáááŒáá·áºáWhat builds long-term customer loyalty?
â Service and relationship.
â áááºáá±á¬ááºááŸá¯ááŸáá·áº áááºáá¶áá±ážáWhatâs the best way to introduce a product?
â Explain features and demonstrate.
â á¡ááºá¹áá«áááºááŸááºážááŒááŒá®áž ááá¯ááºááá¯ááºááŒááááºáWhich sales technique works best in survey equipment?
â Consultative and solution-based selling.
â Consultative Selling ááẠá¡áá»áá¯ážááŸááá¯á¶ážáHow do you win customer trust?
â By listening, understanding, and providing solutions.
â áá¬ážáá±á¬ááºááŒááºážá áá¬ážáááºááŒááºážá ááŒá±ááŸááºážáá±ážááŒááºážá
| English Term | Myanmar (Burmese) Translation |
|---|---|
| Dialysis | ááá¯ááºáá¬áá®á á áºÂ (or) ááá·áºá ááºááŒááºáž |
| Hemodialysis | ááœá±ážááá·áºá ááºáá¯áááŒááºáž |
| Peritoneal Dialysis (PD) | ááá¯ááºá¡ááœááºážááŸáá áºááá·áº ááá·áºá ááºáá¯áááŒááºáž |
| CAPD (Continuous Ambulatory PD) | áááºááá¯ááºááŸá¯ááºááŸá¬ážááá¯ááºáá±á¬ ááá¯ááºá¡ááœááºážááá·áºá ááºááŸá¯ |
| CCPD (Cycler-Assisted PD) | á ááºááŒáá·áºáá°áá®áá±á¬ ááá¯ááºá¡ááœááºážááá·áºá ááºááŸá¯ |
| Dialyzer | ááœá±ážááá·áºá ááºá ááºÂ (or) ááá¯ááºáá¬ááá¯ááºáᬠ|
| Clearance | áááºááŸá¬ážááŸá¯ááºážÂ (or) ááá®ážáááºážá Ạ|
| Adequacy | áá¯áááŸá¯áááá±á¬ááºá¡ááá·áºÂ (or) áá¯á¶áá±á¬ááºááŸá¯ |
| Access Site | ááœá±ážááŒá±á¬ááœááºážáá»ááºáá±áᬠ|
| Anticoagulant | ááœá±ážááá²áá±áž |
ð E-Learning Module: Technical Basics for Salespeople
1. Reading Material (Dual Language â A4 size, ~2 pages)
English Version
Introduction
Salespeople in technical industries must have a basic understanding of technical concepts to communicate effectively with customers. This does not mean being an engineer, but knowing the fundamentals to answer common questions and build trust.
Key Technical Basics for Salespeople
Units of Measurement
â Distance: meter, kilometer
â Angle: degree, minute, second
â Elevation: meter above sea levelAccuracy vs. Precision
â Accuracy = closeness to true value
â Precision = consistency of repeated resultsSurvey Instrument Categories
Basic Tools: Tape, compass
Optical Instruments: Auto level, theodolite
Advanced Instruments: Total station, GPS/GNSS, drone, laser scanner
Data Concepts
â Coordinate System (X, Y, Z)
â Latitude & Longitude
â Elevation / HeightPower and Battery Use
â Salespeople should know charging times, operating hours, and backup options.Calibration and Maintenance
â Customers ask: âHow often should I calibrate?â
â Answer: Depends on usage, usually every 6â12 months.Connectivity and Data Transfer
â Instruments often connect with USB, Bluetooth, or SD card.
â Important to explain to customers about software compatibility.
Conclusion
Salespeople who understand these basics can confidently explain products, answer customer questions, and gain credibility.
Myanmar Version (ááŒááºáá¬áá¬áá¬)
áááá«ááºáž
áááºážááá¬ááá¯ááºáᬠááá¹áááœáẠá¡áá±á¬ááºážá¡áá¬áááºážáá»á¬ážááẠá¡ááŒá±áá¶áááºážááá¬ááá¯áá¯á ááŸáááẠááá¯á¡ááºáááºá á¡ááºáá»ááºáá®áá¬ááŒá áºáááºáááá¯áá±á¬áºáááºáž áá±á¬ááºáááºáá±ážááá·áº á¡ááŒá±áá¶áá±ážááœááºážáá»á¬ážááᯠááŒá±ááŸááºážááá¯ááºááááºá
á¡áá±á¬ááºážá¡áá¬áááºážáá»á¬áž á¡ááœáẠá¡ááŒá±áá¶ áááºážááá¬ááá¯áá¯ááá»á¬áž
ááá¯ááºážáá¬áá°áá áºáá»á¬áž
â á¡ááœá¬á¡áá±áž: áá®áá¬á áá®ááá¯áá®áá¬
â áá±á¬áá·áº: áá®ááá®á áááá áºá á áá¹ááá·áº
â á¡ááŒáá·áº: áááºáááºáá»ááºááŸá¬ááŒáẠá¡áá±á«áºáá®áá¬Accuracy ááŸáá·áº Precision
â Accuracy = á¡ááŸááºááááºáááºááá¯ážáá®ážá ááºááŸá¯
â Precision = áááºáá«áááºáá«ááá¯ááºážáá¬ááŸá¯ á¡áá®á¡áá»ááºážSurvey Instrument á¡áá»áá¯ážá¡á á¬ážáá»á¬áž
á¡ááŒá±áá¶áááááá¬: Tape, Compass
Optical áááááá¬áá»á¬áž: Auto Level, Theodolite
á¡ááá·áºááŒáá·áºáááááá¬áá»á¬áž: Total Station, GPS/GNSS, Drone, Laser Scanner
Data Concept á¡ááŒá±áá¶áá»á¬áž
â Coordinate System (X, Y, Z)
â Latitude & Longitude
â Elevation / Heightáá«áá«ááŸáá·áº áááºááá®á¡áá¯á¶ážááŒá¯ááŸá¯
â á¡á¬ážááœááºážáá»áááºá á¡áá¯á¶ážáá¶áá»áááºá Backup Power á¡ááŒá±á¬ááºáž áááá¬ážáááºáCalibration ááŸáá·áº Maintenance
â âáááºáá±á¬ááºááŒá¬ááŒá®áž Calibration áá¯ááºáááá²?â
â á¡áá¯á¶ážááŒá¯ááŸá¯á¡ááá¯áẠá á ~ á ááŸá áºá¡ááœááºáž ááá¯á¡ááºáááºáData Transfer ááŸáá·áº Software
â USB, Bluetooth, SD Card áá»á¬ážááŒáá·áº áá»áááºáááºááá¯ááºáááºá
â Software ááá¯á·ááŸáá·áº ááá¯ááºáá®ááŸá¯ ááŸááºážááŒááá¯ááºááẠááá¯á¡ááºáááºá
áááá¯á¶ážáá»á¯ááº
á¡ááŒá±áá¶áááºážááá¬ááá¯áá¯áááŸááá±á¬ á¡áá±á¬ááºážá¡áá¬áááºážáá»á¬ážááẠáá±á¬ááºáááºáá»á¬ážááᯠá áááºáá»áá¯á¶ááŒááºá á±ááŒá®áž á¡á±á¬ááºááŒááºá áœá¬ áá±á¬ááºážáá»ááá¯ááºáááºá
2. Suggested YouTube Link
ð Basic Technical Knowledge for Salespeople
3. FAQs (10 with Dual Language)
Do salespeople need to be engineers?
â No, but they need technical basics.
â á¡ááºáá»ááºáá®áá¬áááŒá áºáááºáž á¡ááŒá±áá¶áááºážááá¬ááá¯á¡ááºáááºáWhy is accuracy important in surveying?
â It ensures correct results.
â ááŸááºáááºáá±á¬ááááºá¡ááœáẠáááá»ááŸá¯ á¡áá±ážááŒá®ážáááºáWhat is calibration?
â Adjustment to keep instruments accurate.
â áááááá¬áááá»á á±ááẠáá»áááºááŸáááŒááºážááŒá áºáááºáHow often should calibration be done?
â Every 6â12 months.
â á á ~ á ááŸá áºá¡ááœááºáž ááŒá¯áá¯ááºáááºáWhat is precision?
â Consistency of repeated results.
â áááºáá«ááá¯ááºážáá¬ááŸá¯ á¡áá®á¡áá»ááºážááŒá áºáááºáWhat power-related info should salespeople know?
â Charging time and battery life.
â á¡á¬ážááœááºážáá»áááºááŸáá·áº á¡áá¯á¶ážáá¶áá»áááºááᯠááááááºáWhy explain data transfer?
â Customers want to know about USB, Bluetooth, and software.
â áá±á¬ááºáááºáá»á¬áž USB, Bluetooth, Software á¡ááŒá±á¬ááºáž áááá»ááºáááºáWhich is easier: accuracy or precision to explain?
â Accuracy, as it means closeness to true value.
â Accuracy ááẠá¡ááŸááºááááºáááºááá¯ážáá®ážá ááºááŸá¯ááŒá áºáááŒáá·áº ááŸááºážááœááºáááºáWhat if a customer asks about coordinate systems?
â Explain X, Y, Z basics.
â X, Y, Z á¡ááŒá±áá¶ááᯠááŸááºážááŒáááºáWhy do salespeople need technical basics?
â To build trust and answer customer questions.
â áá¯á¶ááŒááºá áááºáá»áááŸá¯ áááºáá±á¬ááºáááºá
ð eLearning: Vinyl Flooring for Hospital Use
Module 1 â Introduction to Hospital Flooring
Importance of flooring in healthcare facilities
Key requirements for hospital environments (hygiene, safety, durability)
Overview of flooring options: vinyl vs. alternatives (tile, epoxy, linoleum)
Module 2 â Properties of Vinyl Flooring
Composition and structure of vinyl flooring
Features: water resistance, chemical resistance, slip resistance
Infection control benefits (seamless surfaces, easy cleaning, antimicrobial options)
Module 3 â Applications in Hospitals
General wards and patient rooms
Operating theatres and ICUs
Laboratories and pharmacies
Corridors, waiting areas, and administrative offices
Module 4 â Installation and Maintenance
Subfloor preparation and installation techniques
Seam welding for hygienic joints
Cleaning protocols for infection control
Regular maintenance vs. deep cleaning schedules
Module 5 â Standards, Safety & Compliance
International healthcare flooring standards (ISO, EN, ASTM)
Fire safety and slip resistance certifications
Compliance with infection prevention and control guidelines
Module 6 â Case Studies & Best Practices
Real-world examples of hospital projects using vinyl flooring
Lessons learned from installation and maintenance
Comparison of costs and benefits
Module 7 â Assessment
FAQs: Common questions about vinyl hospital flooring
MCQs: Knowledge check (10â15 questions)
Scenario-based questions: Choosing the right flooring for different hospital zones
ð Question for you:
ð E-Learning Module: Topographic Surveying for Beginners
1. Dual Language (English + Myanmar)
English
Topographic Surveying is the process of measuring and mapping the natural and man-made features of the land, such as hills, rivers, trees, roads, and buildings, along with the elevations and contours of the surface. It helps engineers, architects, and planners design construction projects accurately.
ááŒááºáá¬
Topographic Surveying ááá¯áááºááŸá¬ áá±á¬ááºá ááŒá áºá áá áºáááºáá»á¬ážá áááºážáá»á¬ážá á¡áá±á¬ááºá¡áŠážáá»á¬áž á áááŒáá·áº ááá¬áááŸáá·áº áá°áá¯áẠá¡áá±á¬ááºá¡áŠážá¡áá»ááºá¡áááºáá»á¬ážááᯠááá¯ááºážáá¬ááœá²ááŒáá·áºááŒá®áž ááŒá±áá»ááºááŸá¬ááŒááºá á¡ááŒáá·áºá¡áááá·áºááŸáá·áº Contour áá»á¬áž ááá·áºááœááºážááááŸáá á±áá±á¬ Surveying áá áºáá»áá¯áž ááŒá áºáááºá áááºážááẠá¡ááºáá»ááºáá®áá¬áá»á¬ážá ááá¬ááŸááºáá»á¬ážá á á®áá¶áá°áá»á¬ážá¡ááœáẠá¡áá±á¬ááºá¡áŠážáá¯ááºáááºážáá»á¬ážááᯠáááá»á áœá¬ áá®ááá¯ááºážááœá²áá¬ááœáẠá¡áá±á¬ááºá¡áá°ááŒá¯áááºá
2. Reading MaterialÂ
Objectives of Topographic Surveying
To show elevations and contours of land.
To record natural features (hills, rivers, trees).
To capture man-made structures (roads, pipelines, houses).
To provide base maps for construction, planning, and design.
ááŒááºáá¬:
ááŒá±áá»ááºááŸá¬ááŒááºá á¡ááŒáá·áºá¡áááá·áºááŸáá·áº Contour áá»á¬áž áá±á¬áºááŒáááºá
ááá¬áá¡áá»ááºá¡áááºáá»á¬áž (áá±á¬ááºá ááŒá áºá áá áºáááº) ááŸááºáááºážáááºáááºá
áá°áá¯ááºá¡áá±á¬ááºá¡áŠážáá»á¬áž (áááºážá ááá¯ááºááá¯ááºážá á¡áááºáá»á¬áž) ááá·áºááœááºážáá±á¬áºááŒáááºá
Base map áá»á¬áž áá±á¬ááºáá¯ááºáá±ážá á á®áá¶áá±á«áºááœáẠá¡áá¯á¶ážáá»áááºá
Instruments Used
Total Station / Theodolite â Angle and distance measurement.
Leveling Instrument â Height differences.
GPS / GNSS â Coordinates collection.
Drone & LiDAR â Modern mapping.
ááŒááºáá¬:
Total Station / Theodolite â áá±á¬áá·áºááŸáá·áº á¡ááœá¬á¡áá±áž ááá¯ááºážáá¬áááºá
Leveling Instrument â á¡ááŒáá·áºá¡áááá·áº ááŒá¬ážáá¬ážáá»áẠááá¯ááºážáááºá
GPS / GNSS â Coordinates á á¯áá±á¬ááºážáááºá
Drone & LiDAR â áá±ááºáá® áááºááœá²áááºážáááºážá
Steps in Topographic Surveying
Planning â Define survey area and requirements.
Reconnaissance â Visit site and identify features.
Data Collection â Use instruments to measure points.
Mapping â Draw contour maps with CAD or GIS.
Verification â Check data accuracy.
ááŒááºáá¬:
á¡á á®á¡á ááºáá»ááŒááºáž â Survey á§áááᬠáááºááŸááºáááºá
áá±áá¬ááŒáᯠááŒáá·áºááŸá¯ááŒááºáž â Site ááá¯á· ááœá¬ážáá±á¬áẠá á áºáá±ážáááºá
áá±áá¬á á¯áá±á¬ááºážááŒááºáž â áááááá¬áá»á¬ážááŒáá·áº á¡áá»ááºá¡áááºááá¯ááºážáááºá
áááºááœá²ááŒááºáž â Contour map áá»á¬ážááᯠCAD/GIS ááŒáá·áºááœá²áááºá
á¡áááºááŒá¯ááŒááºáž â áá±áᬠáááá»ááŸá¯á á áºáá±ážáááºá
Applications
Road and railway design
Building and urban planning
Irrigation and drainage projects
Environmental and geological studies
ááŒááºáá¬:
áááºážááŸáá·áº áá°áá¬áááºáž áá®ááá¯ááºážááœá²ááŒááºáž
á¡áá±á¬ááºá¡áŠážá ááŒáá¯á·ááŒá á®áá¶ááááºáž
áá±áá±á¬ááºážááá¯á·á ááá¯ážáá±á áá¯ááºáá»áá¯ážáá¯ááºáááºáž
ááá¬ááááºáááºážáá»ááºááŸáá·áº áá»á®á¡áá¯ááá¯áá»á® áá±á·áá¬ááŸá¯
3. Suggested YouTube Link
ð Topographic Surveying for Beginners
4. FAQs (10 with Answers)
Q: What is topographic surveying?
A: Measuring natural and man-made features with elevation data.
ááŒááºáá¬: ááá¬áááŸáá·áº áá°áá¯ááºá¡áá±á¬ááºá¡áŠážáá»á¬ážááᯠá¡ááŒáá·áºá¡áááá·áºáá²á·á¡áá° ááá¯ááºážáá¬ááŒááºážáQ: Why is it important?
A: For accurate design and construction planning.
ááŒááºáá¬: áááá»áá±á¬ áá®ááá¯ááºážááŸáá·áº á á®áá¶ááŸá¯á¡ááœáẠá¡áá±ážááŒá®ážáááºáQ: Which instruments are used?
A: Total Station, GPS, Level, Drone.
ááŒááºáá¬: Total Station, GPS, Level, Drone áá¯á¶ážáááºáQ: What is a contour map?
A: A map showing elevations and slopes of land.
ááŒááºáá¬: ááŒá±áá»ááºááŸá¬ááŒáẠá¡ááŒáá·áºá¡áááá·áº áá±á¬áºááŒááá·áº áááºáQ: Can GPS be used in topographic surveys?
A: Yes, to collect coordinates.
ááŒááºáá¬: áá¯ááºáááºá Coordinate á á¯áá±á¬ááºážááẠá¡áá¯á¶ážááŒá¯áááºáQ: What is reconnaissance?
A: Initial site visit before data collection.
ááŒááºáá¬: áá±áá¬ááá°ááẠáá±áá¬ááŒáᯠááŒáá·áºááŸá¯ááŒááºážáQ: How are survey data presented?
A: As maps, contour drawings, or GIS models.
ááŒááºáá¬: áááºá Contour áá¯ááºáá¯á¶ ááá¯á·ááá¯áẠGIS áá±á¬áºááẠá¡ááŒá áºáQ: Who uses topographic surveys?
A: Engineers, planners, architects.
ááŒááºáá¬: á¡ááºáá»ááºáá®áá¬áá»á¬ážá á á®áá¶áá°áá»á¬ážá ááá¬ááŸááºáá»á¬ážáQ: What are modern technologies in surveying?
A: Drone mapping, LiDAR, GIS.
ááŒááºáá¬: Drone mapping, LiDAR, GIS áá¯á¶ážáááºáQ: What is the main challenge in topographic surveying?
A: Ensuring accuracy over large or rough terrain.
ááŒááºáá¬: áá»ááºááŒáá·áº ááá¯á·ááá¯áẠááá®áá¬áá±á¬áá±áá¬ááœáẠáááá»ááŸá¯ ááááºážááááºážáááºá
ð E-Learning Module: Surveying Practices Beyond the Basics
1. Reading Material
ð Introduction
English:
Surveying is not just about measuring land; it is about ensuring precision, reliability, and efficiency in engineering and construction projects. Beyond basic measurements, advanced practices such as control surveys, GPS/RTK, total station traverses, 3D scanning, and drone mapping are essential in modern surveying.
ááŒááºáá¬:
Surveying ááẠááŒá±ááá¯ááºážáá¬ááŒááºážáá¬áá á¡ááºáá»ááºáá®áá¬á áá±á¬ááºáá¯ááºáá±áž Project áá»á¬ážááœáẠáááá»ááŸá¯á áá¯á¶ááŒááºá áááºáá»áááŸá¯á áááá±á¬ááºááŸá¯ ááᯠá¡á¬ááá¶áá±ážáááŒááºážááŒá áºáááºá á¡ááŒá±áá¶ááááºážá ááºáá»á¬ážááŸáá¬áá Control Surveyá GPS/RTKá Total Station Traverseá 3D Scanningá Drone Mapping ááá¯á·áá²á·ááá¯á·áá±á¬ á¡ááá·áºááŒáá·áº áááºážáááºážáá»á¬ážááẠá¡áá±ááºáá ẠSurvey ááœáẠá¡áá±ážáá«áááºá
ðïž Advanced Surveying Practices
Control Surveys
EN: Establish reference points (benchmarks) to provide a framework for detailed surveys.
MM: á¡ááŒá±áá¶á¡ááŸááºáá»á¬áž (Benchmarks) áá°áá±á¬ááºááŒá®áž á¡áá»ááºážáá»á¯áẠSurvey áá»á¬ážá¡ááœáẠá á¶á¡ááŒá±áá¶ áá±ážáááºá
Total Station Traversing
EN: A series of connected survey lines using angles and distances, ensuring accuracy in construction layouts.
MM: áá±á¬áá·áºááŸáá·áº á¡ááœá¬á¡áá±ážáá»á¬ážááᯠá¡áá¯á¶ážááŒá¯ááŒá®áž á¡áá»ááºážáá»ááºáž áá»áááºáááºááá·áº Survey Line áá»á¬ážááŒáá·áº Construction Layout áááá»á á±áááºá
GNSS/RTK (Real-Time Kinematic)
EN: Provides centimeter-level accuracy in real time using satellite corrections.
MM: ááŒáá¯ááºáᯠSignal ááŒáá·áº Real Time Correction áá¯ááºáᬠá ááºáá®áá®áá¬á¡ááá·áº áááá»ááŸá¯ áááŸáá á±áááºá
Drone (UAV) Surveying
EN: Captures aerial imagery for topographic mapping, monitoring, and 3D modeling.
MM: áá±áá²á០áá¬ááºáá¯á¶áá°ááŒá®áž ááŒá±áá¯á¶ááœá²á Monitorá 3D Model ááŒá¯áá¯ááºáá¬ááœáẠá¡áá¯á¶ážááŒá¯áááºá
3D Laser Scanning
EN: Creates highly detailed 3D models of structures, useful for deformation monitoring.
MM: á¡áá±á¬ááºá¡áŠážáá»á¬ážá á¡ááœááºá¡áá±ážá ááẠ3D Model áá»á¬ážáááºáá®ážá Deformation Monitor á¡ááœáẠá¡áá¯á¶ážááŒá¯áááºá
âïž Why Advanced Surveying Matters
English:
Ensures higher accuracy and reliability.
Saves time and manpower in large projects.
Integrates with GIS, BIM, and construction software.
Provides valuable data for decision-making.
ááŒááºáá¬:
áááá»ááŸá¯á áá¯á¶ááŒááºá áááºáá»áááŸá¯ ááá¯ááá¯ááŒáá·áºáá¬ážá á±áááºá
Project á¡ááŒá®ážáá»á¬ážááœáẠá¡áá»áááºááŸáá·áº áá¯ááºáá¬ážá¡á¬ážáá»á±á¬á·á á±áááºá
GIS, BIM ááŸáá·áº Construction Software áá»á¬ážááŸáá·áº áá±á«ááºážá ááºááá¯ááºáááºá
áá¯á¶ážááŒááºáá»ááºáá»áá¬ááœáẠá¡áá¯á¶ážáá»ááá¯ááºáá±á¬ Data áá±ážáááºá
â Conclusion
English:
Surveying beyond the basics combines traditional instruments with modern technologies like GNSS, drones, and 3D scanning. A professional surveyor must master both to deliver accurate, efficient, and future-ready results.
ááŒááºáá¬:
á¡ááŒá±áá¶áá» Survey áááºáá»á±á¬áºááœááºáá±á¬ áááºážáááºážáá»á¬ážááœáẠá á¶áá» áááááá¬áá»á¬áž ááŸáá·áº GNSSá Droneá 3D Scanning áá²á·ááá¯á· áááºážááá¬áá áºáá»á¬áž ááᯠáá±á«ááºážá ááºá¡áá¯á¶ážááŒá¯ááááºá Surveyor áá áºáŠážá¡áá±ááŒáá·áº ááŸá áºáá»áá¯ážáá¯á¶ážááᯠáá»áœááºážáá»ááºááŸáᬠáááá»ááŸá¯á áááá±á¬ááºááŸá¯á á¡áá¬áááºá¡ááá·áº Survey Result áá±ážááá¯ááºáááºá
2. YouTube Link
ð¥ Advanced Surveying Techniques â Beyond Basics
3. FAQs (10, Dual Language)
Q: What is a control survey?
EN: A survey to establish fixed reference points.
MM: á¡ááŒá±áá¶á¡ááŸááºáá»á¬ážááᯠáá°áá±á¬ááºááẠSurvey ááŒá áºáááºá
Q: Why use RTK GNSS?
EN: For real-time, centimeter-level accuracy.
MM: Real Time á ááºáá®áá®áá¬áááá»ááŸá¯ áááŸáá á±ááẠRTK GNSS áá¯á¶ážáááºá
Q: Can drones replace surveyors?
EN: No, they support but cannot fully replace.
MM: Drone ááẠá¡áá±á¬ááºá¡áá°áá±ážááá¯ááºáá±á¬áºáááºáž Surveyor ááᯠá¡ááŒáá·áºá¡á á¡á á¬ážááá°ááá¯ááºá
Q: What is Total Station traversing?
EN: A method connecting survey lines for accuracy.
MM: áááá»ááŸá¯á¡ááœáẠSurvey Line áá»á¬áž áá»áááºáááºááá·áº áááºážáááºážááŒá áºáááºá
Q: What is 3D scanning used for?
EN: For detailed 3D models and monitoring.
MM: á¡áá±ážá ááẠ3D Model ááŸáá·áº Monitoring á¡ááœáẠáá¯á¶ážáááºá
Q: Which tool is best for boundary survey?
EN: Total Station.
MM: Boundary Survey á¡ááœáẠTotal Station ááá·áºáá±á¬áºáááºá
Q: Which tool is best for large area mapping?
EN: GNSS or Drone.
MM: GNSS ááá¯á·ááá¯áẠDrone ááẠáá»ááºááŒáá·áº Mapping á¡ááœáẠááá·áºáá±á¬áºáááºá
Q: Does weather affect GNSS?
EN: Yes, heavy clouds or obstructions reduce accuracy.
MM: áá¯ááºáá«áááºá ááá¯ážá¡á¯á¶á·ááá·áºá¡áá« GNSS Accuracy áá»á±á¬á·áááºá
Q: Do surveyors need both traditional and modern tools?
EN: Yes, to achieve best results.
MM: áá¯ááºáá«áááºá á¡áá±á¬ááºážáá¯á¶áž Result áááẠááŸá áºáá»áá¯ážáá¯á¶áž ááá¯á¡ááºáááºá
Q: Is surveying moving towards automation?
EN: Yes, with drones and AI-assisted tools.
MM: áá¯ááºáá«áááºá Drone ááŸáá·áº AI Tool áá»á¬ážááŒá±á¬áá·áº Surveying ááẠá¡ááá¯á¡áá»á±á¬ááºáááºáá¬áááºá
ð E-Learning Module: Theodolite â Uses and Applications
áá á¹á ááá¯ážááá¯áẠ(Theodolite) â á¡áá¯á¶ážáá»á¬ážáá±á¬ áá±áá¬áá»á¬áž
1. ð Reading Material
English Version
Introduction
A theodolite is a precision optical instrument used in surveying to measure horizontal and vertical angles. Before Total Stations and GNSS became popular, theodolites were the primary tool for angle measurement.
Main Uses of a Theodolite
Measuring Angles â For triangulation, traversing, and control surveys.
Establishing Straight Lines â Used in setting out construction works such as roads, pipelines, and buildings.
Leveling â Though not as accurate as a level, it can assist in height measurement.
Topographic Surveys â Helps in plotting natural and artificial features.
Construction Layout â Setting out corners, alignments, and grids.
Geodetic & Astronomical Uses â Measuring star positions and large-scale geodetic networks.
Advantages
High precision in angle measurement.
Durable and mechanical, less dependent on electronics.
Useful in remote areas without GNSS signals.
Limitations
Time-consuming compared to Total Station.
Requires skilled operators.
Does not directly measure distances (needs tape/EDM).
ááŒááºáᬠVersion
áááá«ááºáž
Theodolite ááẠSurveying ááœáẠá¡áá»á¬ážááŒá¬ážáá±á¬áá·áºáá»á¬ážááŸáá·áº áá®áá»áŸáá±á¬áá·áºáá»á¬áž ááᯠáááá»á áœá¬ ááá¯ááºážáá¬ááẠá¡áá¯á¶ážááŒá¯áá±á¬ Optical Precision áááááá¬ááŒá áºáááºá Total Station ááŸáá·áº GNSS áá¡áá¯á¶ážáá»á¬ážáá® Theodolite ááẠSurveying á¡ááœáẠá¡ááá áá±á¬áá·áºááá¯ááºážáᬠáááááᬠááŒá áºáá²á·áááºá
Theodolite á á¡áá¯á¶ážáá»á¬ážáá±á¬ áá±áá¬áá»á¬áž
áá±á¬áá·áºááá¯ááºážáá¬ááŒááºáž â Triangulation, Traverse ááŸáá·áº Control Survey áá»á¬ážá¡ááœááºá
áááºážááŒá¬áá»ááŒááºáž â áááºážáá»á¬ážá ááá¯ážááá¯ááºááá¯ááºážáá»á¬ážá á¡áá±á¬ááºá¡áŠážáá»á¬áž áááºáá±á¬ááºáá¬ááœáẠáá¯á¶ážáááºá
Leveling (áá®áá»áŸááá¯ááºážáá¬ááŒááºáž) â Height ááá¯ááºážáá¬áá¬ááœáẠáá°áá®áá±ážááá¯ááºáááºá
ááŒá±ááŒááºááá¯ááºážáᬠ(Topographic Survey) â ááá¬áááŸáá·áº áá°áááºáá±á¬ááºáá¬ážáá±á¬ á¡áá»ááºá¡áááºáá»á¬ážááᯠááŒá±áá¯á¶ááœá²áá¬ááœááºá
áá±á¬ááºáá¯ááºáá±áž Layout â á¡áá±á¬ááºá¡áŠážáá±á¬ááºá·áá»á¬ážá Alignment áá»á¬áž áááºááŸááºáá¬ááœááºá
Geodetic ááŸáá·áº Astronomy â ááŒááºáá»á¬ážá áááºáá±áá¬ááŸáá·áº ááŒá±á¬ááºáááºááŒá±ááŒááºááá¯ááºážáá¬ááŸá¯áá»á¬ážá¡ááœááºá
á¡áá»áá¯ážáá»á±ážáá°ážáá»á¬áž
áá±á¬áá·áºááá¯ááºážáá¬ááŸá¯ áááá»ááŸá¯ ááŒáá·áºáá¬ážáááºá
ááá¯ááºáá¶á·ááŒá®áž áááºáá¬áá Ạá¡ááŒá±áá¶ááŒá áºáá±á¬ááŒá±á¬áá·áº áá»áŸááºá á áºáá±á«áºááá°áááºá
GNSS ááááŸááá±á¬ á¡áá±á¡áá¬ážáá»á¬ážááœáẠáá¯á¶ážááá¯ááºáááºá
á¡á¬ážáááºážáá»ááºáá»á¬áž
Total Station ááẠá¡áá»áááºááá¯áá¯ááºáááºá
Operator á áá»áœááºážáá»ááºááŸá¯ááá¯á¡ááºáááºá
á¡ááœá¬á¡áá±áž ááá¯ááºážáá¬ááŸá¯ááᯠááá¯ááºááá¯ááºááá±ážááá¯ááºáá« (Tape ááá¯á·ááá¯áẠEDM ááá¯á¡ááºáááºá)
2. ð¥ Suggested YouTube Learning Link
ð How to Use a Theodolite for Surveying
3. â FAQs (10 with Dual Language)
Q: What is a theodolite?
EN: A precision instrument for measuring horizontal and vertical angles.
MM: á¡áá»á¬ážááŒá¬ážáá±á¬áá·áºá áá®áá»áŸáá±á¬áá·áºáá»á¬áž áááá»á áœá¬ ááá¯ááºážáá¬ááá·áº áááááᬠááŒá áºáááºá
Q: Who invented theodolite?
EN: Leonard Digges, a 16th-century mathematician, is credited with its invention.
MM: áá áá¬á ᯠáá®áá»á¬áá®ááŸáẠLeonard Digges á áá®ááœááºáá²á·áááºá
Q: Can theodolite measure distance?
EN: No, it only measures angles. Distances require a tape or EDM.
MM: ááá¯ááºáá«á áá±á¬áá·áºáᬠááá¯ááºážááá¯ááºááŒá®áž á¡ááœá¬á¡áá±ážá¡ááœáẠTape ááá¯á·ááá¯áẠEDM ááá¯á¡ááºáááºá
Q: Where is theodolite used today?
EN: In education, construction sites, and geodetic work.
MM: ááá¬áá±ážá áá±á¬ááºáá¯ááºáá±ážáá±áá¬áá»á¬ážá Geodetic á¡áá¯ááºáá»á¬ážááœáẠá¡áá¯á¶ážááŒá¯áááºá
Q: What is the difference between a theodolite and Total Station?
EN: Total Station can measure both angles and distances; Theodolite only angles.
MM: Total Station ááẠáá±á¬áá·áºááŸáá·áº á¡ááœá¬á¡áá±áž ááŸá áºáá»áá¯ážáá¯á¶áž ááá¯ááºážááá¯ááºáá±á¬áºáááºáž Theodolite ááẠáá±á¬áá·áºáᬠááá¯ááºážááá¯ááºáááºá
Q: Is theodolite still useful?
EN: Yes, especially where GNSS or Total Station is unavailable.
MM: áá¯ááºáá«áááºá GNSS ááá¯á·ááá¯áẠTotal Station ááááŸááá±á¬áá±áá¬áá»á¬ážááœáẠá¡áá¯á¶ážáááºáááºá
Q: What are the parts of a theodolite?
EN: Telescope, horizontal circle, vertical circle, leveling screws, tripod.
MM: áááºáá áºá ááá¯ááºá á¡áá»á¬ážááŒá¬ážá ááºááá¯ááºážá áá®áá»áŸá ááºááá¯ááºážá Leveling á crewsá Tripod áá«áááºáááºá
Q: Can a theodolite be digital?
EN: Yes, modern electronic theodolites exist.
MM: áá¯ááºáá«áááºá á¡áá±ááºáá áºáá»áŸááºá á ẠTheodolite áá»á¬ážááŸááá«áááºá
Q: What surveys use theodolite?
EN: Topographic, control, triangulation, and construction layout surveys.
MM: ááŒá±áá»ááºááŸá¬ááŒááºá Control, Triangulation, Layout á á áºáá±ážááŸá¯áá»á¬ážááœáẠá¡áá¯á¶ážááŒá¯áááºá
Q: Is theodolite training important?
EN: Yes, because it builds fundamental surveying skills.
MM: áá¯ááºáá«áááºá á¡ááŒá±áá¶ Surveying áá»áœááºážáá»ááºááŸá¯áá»á¬áž ááœá¶á·ááŒáá¯ážá á±áááºá
ð eLearning Course: Bad Debt Management in Treasury
Course Outline (Modules)
Module 1: Understanding Bad Debt
Definition & impact on financial statements
IFRS & local compliance rules
Module 2: Early Recognition of Risk
Warning signals (aging AR, customer profile, industry risks)
Sales team and credit control roles
Module 3: Minimizing and Mitigating Bad Debt
Credit policies, collateral, insurance
Role of CSO, CFO, Risk Committee
Module 4: Recording & Approval for Write-off
IFRS/IAS accounting treatment
Approval workflow (Sales Mgr â CFO â Risk Committee â Board if needed)
Module 5: Governance & Continuous Monitoring
Internal audit role
Lessons learned and feedback loop
ð¯ Site Goal:
To provide structured, interactive, and multilingual online education on Rigid Endoscopes, covering usage, cleaning & sterilization, troubleshooting, safety, and application-specific modules (e.g., ENT, Urology, Laparoscopy, Arthroscopy, Spine).
ð§ Platform Features:
- Responsive design (desktop, tablet, mobile)
- SCORM/xAPI compatible LMS (e.g., Moodle, TalentLMS, or custom Richard Wolf LMS)
- User login (with role: trainee, trainer, admin)
- Certification on completion
- Video + 3D animation integration
- Tracking for compliance/audit
ðšââïž Target Audience:
- OR nurses and CSSD staff
- Surgeons and Residents
- Biomedical engineers
- Distributors and sales staff
ð§Ÿ 2. Course Outline: "Mastering Rigid Scopes â Safe Use, Service, and Sterilization"
Module 1: Introduction to Rigid Endoscopes
- History & evolution of rigid scopes
- Application areas (ENT, Spine, Urology, GYN, Laparoscopy)
- Construction & components (objective lens, light post, image bundle, sheath)
- Why Richard Wolf scopes are different (Made in Germany precision, durability)
Module 2 : Components of a Rigid Endoscope System
ð Learning Objectives:
By the end of this module, learners will be able to:
- Identify the key components of a rigid endoscope system
- Understand the optical, mechanical, and accessory parts
- Recognize how damage to each part affects performance
- Apply correct terminology when communicating with service or surgical teams
Â
Module 3: Specialty Application Modules
(choose depending on learner track)
- Urology & TUR instruments
- Laparoscopy (including HD/4K camera integration)
- Arthroscopy (e.g., ENDOCAM Flex)
- ENT & Skull Base Surgery
- Spine Endoscopy (e.g., VERTEBRIS)
Module 4: Handling & Safety Precautions
- How to correctly handle rigid scopes during surgery
- Common mishandling mistakes and prevention
- Recognizing internal damage (e.g., broken lens, fiber burnout)
Module 5: Cleaning & Disinfection
- Pre-cleaning steps in the OR
- Manual cleaning (brushes, enzymatic detergents)
- Automated washer-disinfectors
- Doâs and Donâts of ultrasonic cleaning
- Visual inspection and leak testing
- Validated cleaning workflows (EN ISO 15883)
Module 6: Sterilization & Storage
- Low-temperature vs. steam sterilization
- Sterilization compatibility: autoclave, STERRAD, Plasma
- Packing and storing (DIN tray systems, foam protection)
- Shelf life and reprocessing tracking
- Real-world CSSD protocols
Module 7: Maintenance & Troubleshooting
- Light transmission problems
- Distorted or blurred images
- Broken outer sheath or bent shafts
- When to send for repair & using Richard Wolf service portal
- Preventive maintenance guide
Module 8: Final Quiz & Certification
- 20 MCQs across modules
- Passing score = 80%
- Auto-generated Certificate (downloadable PDF with name, date, course code)
ðŠ 3. Additional Resources ("Other Usual Stuff")
ðœïž Training Materials:
- HD videos with subtitles (English + Myanmar + Thai + Vietnamese)
- 3D animations: scope anatomy, fluid flow, damage simulations
- Printable SOPs for CSSD staff
- Downloadable quick-check posters (handling + pre-clean checklist)
𧪠Interactivity:
- Virtual instrument tray simulation
- Drag-and-drop correct cleaning steps
- Interactive scope damage gallery: âSpot the problemâ
- Scenario-based decision tree (e.g., âThis happened during surgeryâwhat do you do?â)
ð Admin Dashboard (for training leads):
- View progress by department/user
- Download reports for audit
- Reset or extend course access
- Assign by role (OR Nurse, CSSD, Surgeon)
ð "Buy or Rent? FSMA or T&M?" â Equipment Acquisition & Service Strategy
This module helps your sales and service teams (as well as key decision-makers) understand and guide/advice customers ( as consultant rather than sale-men) on the best acquisition strategy (purchase vs. rental) and service model (FSMA vs. Time & Material) for devices like multifunction printers, copiers, lab equipment, and more.
ð§© Course Outline
ð Module 1: Introduction to Equipment Acquisition
Why acquisition strategy matters
Lifecycle cost of ownership vs. rental costs
Typical use cases: High volume vs. Low volume sites
ROI and TCO considerations
ð³ Module 2: Buy vs. Rent â Which is Right?
Buying (CapEx):
Advantages (ownership, long-term savings, asset value)
Disadvantages (high upfront cost, depreciation, service not included)
Renting (OpEx):
Advantages (low upfront, flexibility, bundled service)
Disadvantages (long-term costs, asset remains with provider)
Real-life customer profiles: Government tender vs. startup clinic vs. school
ð§Ÿ Module 3: FSMA vs. T&M â Choosing the Right Service Model
FSMA (Full Service Maintenance Agreement):
All-inclusive model: parts, toner, servicing, breakdowns
Per-click billing model (mono/color rate)
Ideal for stable monthly usage
T&M (Time & Material):
Pay-per-incident or per-part
No monthly commitment
Ideal for low-usage or budget-sensitive users
How FSMA helps in reducing downtime and managing OPEX
ð Module 4: Combined Matrix â 4 Acquisition Models
| Machine Ownership | Service Model | Use Case Example |
|---|---|---|
| Buy | FSMA | Large hospital, government office |
| Buy | T&M | Private SME, school |
| Rent | FSMA | Corporate branch, temporary site |
| Rent | T&M | Backup printer, seasonal need |
How to guide customers into the best quadrant for long-term satisfaction.
ð Module 5: Cost Comparison & Proposal Scenarios
Sample cost sheet (5-year view)
How to present "hidden costs" and "value-add"
Financing options and upgrade paths
ð£ Module 6: Customer Engagement & Objection Handling
How to pitch FSMA
What to say when customers say âtoo expensiveâ
How to present the long-term cost-benefit
Ah â understood â thanks for clarifying.
So items 3 (sales models) and 4 (specs & features) are meant as part of the LIS (Laboratory Information System) course, not as separate courses. Letâs restructure the module list accordingly:
ð eLearning Course Outline: Laboratory Information System (LIS)
Aim: To train Concordia staff (IT, Lab, Sales, and Finance) to understand LIS workflows, costing, sales models, and technical specifications so they can operate, sell, and support LIS effectively.
Module 1 â Introduction to LIS
Definition & purpose of LIS
Why LIS is critical for modern medical labs
Integration with clinical workflows (sample â result â reporting)
Module 2 â LIS Workflow Integration
Patient registration, barcode/sample management
Analyzer connectivity (Haematology, Biochem, Immunology, Histology)
QC, result validation, reporting, and doctor access portals
Module 3 â Per-Test Costing within LIS
How LIS supports costing by department:
Haematology â reagent cost/test, calibration, QC cost
Biochemistry â reagents, utilities, LIS-linked costing reports
Immunology â kit cost/test, waste management cost
Histology â slide/stain cost, manpower time allocation
Using LIS dashboards to track profitability per test
Cost allocation of LIS licensing/IT infrastructure
Module 4 â LIS Sales & Commercial Models
Outright Purchase Model â LIS as a one-time license
Outright + Annual 20% Model â license + yearly support/upgrade fee
Subscription Model â SaaS approach (monthly/annual fees + cloud hosting)
Hybrid Models â initial setup fee + subscription
How to explain ROI (Return on Investment) to customers
Module 5 â LIS Specifications & Features
Key technical specs: multi-user access, security, backup, uptime
Interfaces: HL7, HIS/LIS/PACS connectivity, analyzer interfacing
Features: QC module, inventory management, per-test costing integration
Value-adds: remote doctor access, patient portals, regulatory compliance
Module 6 â Compliance & Data Security
Data privacy in medical labs (HIPAA, GDPR, Myanmar local laws)
Cybersecurity and disaster recovery in LIS
Audit trails & regulatory reporting
Module 7 â Case Studies & Demo
Small vs. large labs using LIS
Hospital vs. independent diagnostic center setup
Hands-on walk-through of LIS dashboard/reporting
â Now you have a single cohesive LIS course that covers workflow, costing, sales models, specs, and compliance.
Would you like me to expand each module into detailed eLearning content (like ~400-word theory + FAQs + MCQs) as we did for the Concordians module?
Course Description:
This course provides a comprehensive understanding of the tender submission process, equipping learners with practical skills to prepare, compile, and submit competitive tenders. Through structured content, FAQs, real-world examples, and assessments, participants will gain confidence in handling procurement opportunities.
Course Outline:
Module 1: Introduction to Tendering
Definition, objectives, and importance
Tender types and procurement rules
Module 2: Understanding Tender Documents
Invitation to Tender (ITT)
Key requirements and compliance
Module 3: Preparing the Proposal
Technical vs Financial proposals
Supporting documents and certifications
Module 4: Submission Process
Methods of submission (online, email, hardcopy)
Common mistakes to avoid
Module 5: Post-Submission Stage
Clarifications and negotiations
Tender evaluation process
Module 6: Best Practices & Case Studies
Real examples of successful tenders
Tips for improving win rates
Module 7: Assessment & Review
FAQs, quizzes, and MCQs
Practical checklist for tender submission
Tender Delivery to Breakdown Place
Course Description:
This course provides learners with a comprehensive understanding of the tender delivery process, focusing on logistics, documentation, and compliance when delivering goods or services to the breakdown place.
Modules:
Introduction to Tender Delivery
Key Terminologies & Roles
Step-by-Step Delivery Process
Documentation & Compliance Requirements
Logistics & Risk Management
Inspection, Verification & Acknowledgment
Issue Resolution in Delivery
Best Practices for Successful Delivery
Case Studies & Practical Examples
Final Assessment (MCQs + Case Discussion)
Course Title: Tender Bid Bond and Performance Bank Guarantee Release Process
Outline:
Introduction to Financial Securities in Tendering
Role and Purpose of Bid Bonds
Bid Bond Submission and Release Process
Performance Bank Guarantee: Issuance and Purpose
Steps in PBG Release Process
Legal and Financial Considerations
Documentation for Release
Common Issues and Disputes
Case Studies and Practical Examples
Summary and Best Practices
- What
is a Marine GPS?
A GPS device designed for navigation on water, helping boats and ships determine their precise location. - How
does Marine GPS differ from Handheld GPS?
Marine GPS often includes features like speed over water, depth information, and integration with chart plotters. - What
are common Marine GPS functions?
Plotting routes, marking waypoints, tracking movement, calculating speed and distance, and aiding safe navigation. - What are waypoints, routes, and tracks in Marine GPS?
- Waypoint: A saved location, e.g., a fishing spot.
- Route: Planned path from one waypoint to another.
- Track: Actual path traveled by the vessel.
- What
factors can affect Marine GPS accuracy?
Satellite geometry, weather conditions, obstructions like tall masts or bridges, and signal interference. - Can
Marine GPS work underwater or indoors?
No, GPS signals cannot penetrate water or solid structures; devices need a clear view of the sky. - What
are typical uses of Marine GPS?
Navigation, fishing, offshore surveying, and coastal exploration.
Soil Testing â Laboratory FAQ & MCQ
FAQs (5â7)
- What
is soil testing?
Soil testing evaluates the physical and chemical properties of soil to determine its suitability for construction, agriculture, or landscaping. - Why
is soil testing important?
To ensure structural safety, proper foundation design, and optimal crop growth or soil management. - What are common laboratory soil tests?
- Grain size analysis (sieve analysis)
- Atterberg limits (liquid limit, plastic limit)
- Moisture content determination
- Compaction test (Proctor test)
- Specific gravity test
- What
is the Atterberg limit test?
Determines the plasticity and consistency of fine-grained soils by measuring liquid and plastic limits. - How
is moisture content determined in soil?
By oven-drying a soil sample and calculating the weight loss due to water evaporation. - What
is the purpose of the compaction test?
To find the optimum moisture content for achieving maximum soil density for construction purposes. - When
should soil testing be performed?
Before construction, agricultural planning, or any project requiring soil assessment.
Module 1 â Variance Analysis
Purpose: Introductory / foundation module.
Focus: Explains the concept of variance analysis â what it is, why it matters, and how it helps in financial control.
Content Type:
Definition of âBudgetedâ vs. âActualâ expenses.
Why organizations monitor variances (to control costs, improve efficiency).
Types of variances (favorable vs. unfavorable).
Simple, high-level examples (e.g., budgeted rent vs. actual rent).
Audience Takeaway: Learners understand why variance analysis is important before they dive into specific reports.
Module 2 â Budget Variance Report
Purpose: Applied / practical module.
Focus: Teaches how to prepare and interpret a Budget Variance Report in practice.
Content Type:
Structure of a variance report (budget, actual, variance, variance %).
How to identify root causes of variances (overspending, underutilization, seasonal trends).
Action steps for correction (cost-cutting, budget revision, reallocation).
Sample format of a budget variance report.
Audience Takeaway: Learners gain the skills to create, read, and use a Budget Variance Report as a management tool.
Module 3 â Norm Variance Report (Against Industry Norms)
Comparing company expenses with industry standards
Identifying cost inefficiencies and benchmarking practices
Strategies to align with or beat industry averages
Module 4 â Last Period Variance Report (6â12 Month Average)
Analyzing trends using historical averages
Spotting unusual spikes or reductions
Continuous improvement based on past performance
Module 5 â Integration into Odoo & Power BI
How Odoo can track budgets vs. actuals in real-time
Syncing Odoo data into Power BI for dashboards
Setting up automated monthly review reports for the budget team
Using drill-downs and visuals for quick variance insights
Module 6 â Monitoring Tools & Best Practices
Dashboards, KPIs, and automated reporting
Cost control techniques and alerts
Linking variance analysis to decision-making
Module 7 â Practical Case Studies & Exercises
Hands-on examples with sample reports
Scenario-based decision making
Reflection and discussion
Module 8 â Assessment & Knowledge Check
FAQs
MCQs & Case Study questions
Practical assignment (create a simple variance report)
Would you like me to expand Module 5 (Integration into Odoo & Power BI) first in detail (reading material + screenshots/flow + FAQs + MCQs), since thatâs the most practical for your teamâs monthly reviews?
ð Course Title: ISO Awareness & Application in Marketing
ð¯ Course Objective:
To provide marketing professionals with the knowledge and skills to understand ISO standards, ensure compliance in marketing activities, and apply best practices to enhance quality, trust, and customer satisfaction.
ð¥ Target Audience:
Marketing Executives
Brand Managers
Digital Marketers
Sales & Communication Teams
Anyone involved in marketing processes
ð Course Outline & Content Modules
Module 1: Introduction to ISO & Marketing Relevance
What is ISO? (Brief history and purpose)
Why ISO matters in marketing & communications
Key ISO standards relevant to marketing (ISO 9001, ISO 14001, ISO 26000, ISO 27001, ISO 22301, ISO 37001, ISO 20400)
Benefits of ISO application in marketing (trust, transparency, quality assurance)
Module 2: ISO 9001 â Quality Management in Marketing
Customer focus & consistency in campaigns
Standardizing marketing processes
Quality objectives for marketing performance
Case study: ISO 9001 applied to customer engagement & campaign evaluation
Module 3: ISO 14001 â Environmental Responsibility in Marketing
Green marketing & sustainability practices
ISO 14001 and eco-friendly campaigns
Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) in marketing
Example: Environmentally responsible product promotions
Module 4: ISO 26000 â Social Responsibility in Marketing
Ethical advertising & consumer rights
Avoiding misleading claims
Inclusive and socially responsible content
Real-world examples of responsible marketing
Module 5: ISO 27001 â Information Security in Marketing
Protecting customer data in campaigns
GDPR & data privacy alignment
Secure handling of digital marketing assets
Case example: Preventing breaches in email marketing
Module 6: ISO 22301 â Business Continuity in Marketing
Preparing marketing teams for disruptions (e.g., crisis management)
Ensuring consistent communication during crises
Business continuity planning for marketing operations
Module 7: ISO 37001 â Anti-Bribery in Marketing
Avoiding corruption in sponsorships & influencer deals
Ethical partnerships & collaborations
Transparency in vendor and media agency relations
Module 8: Practical Application of ISO in Marketing Campaigns
Step-by-step framework to apply ISO principles in marketing activities
Building standard operating procedures (SOPs) for campaigns
Internal audit of marketing processes
Measuring & improving performance using ISO standards
Module 9: ISO Certification Process & Marketing Departmentâs Role
Certification steps for organizations
Marketing teamâs contribution during audits
Promoting ISO certification as a brand strength
Using ISO as a competitive advantage in marketing
Module 10: Future Trends â ISO & Marketing Innovation
ISO and digital transformation in marketing
AI, automation, and ISO compliance
The role of standards in influencer, content, and digital advertising ethics
ð Learning Features
Reading Materials: Simplified ISO explanations for marketing
Case Studies: Real-life brand examples applying ISO
Quizzes & Assessments: To reinforce learning
Practical Templates: ISO-aligned marketing SOPs, checklists, and audit forms
Dual Language Option: English + Myanmar for accessibility
ð Course Completion Outcome
After completing this course, learners will be able to:
â Understand the importance of ISO standards in marketing
â Apply ISO principles to campaigns, promotions, and branding
â Ensure compliance, trust, and transparency in marketing activities
â Support their organizationâs ISO certification process
â Use ISO standards as a tool for marketing excellence
(ááŒááºáá¬ááá¯ááºáá¶ áá¯áá¹ááá®áá»á¬áž á¥ááá± áááá)
SUMMARY
English Version
1. Introduction
The Myanmar Companies Law 2017 was enacted to modernize company regulation, replacing the 1914 Act. It governs the incorporation, management, and dissolution of companies in Myanmar.
2. Chapter I â Preliminary
Defines âcompanyâ, âdirectorâ, âshareholderâ, âsubsidiaryâ, etc.
Law applies to all companies registered in Myanmar.
3. Chapter II â Incorporation of Companies
Private Company: Minimum 1 member.
Public Company: Minimum 3 members.
Registration with DICA is mandatory.
Certificate of Incorporation grants legal entity status.
4. Chapter III â Share Capital & Members
Shares may be ordinary or preference.
Rights: dividends, voting, transfer of shares.
Public companies can offer shares to the public; private cannot.
Constitution may restrict share transfers.
5. Chapter IV â Management & Directors
Minimum directors: 1 (private), 3 (public).
At least 1 director must reside in Myanmar.
Duties: act in good faith, avoid conflicts of interest, ensure compliance.
Company Secretary is required.
6. Chapter V â Meetings & Resolutions
AGM required for public companies.
Ordinary vs. special resolutions defined.
Private companies may use written resolutions.
7. Chapter VI â Accounts & Audit
Proper accounting records must be maintained.
Financial statements must reflect a true and fair view.
Annual filing of returns and audited accounts to DICA.
Small companies may be exempted from audits.
8. Chapter VII â Winding Up & Dissolution
Voluntary winding up by members/creditors.
Compulsory winding up may be ordered by court.
Once dissolved, company ceases legal existence.
9. Chapter VIII â Miscellaneous
Penalties for false declarations, fraud, or non-compliance.
DICA empowered to supervise, monitor, and enforce.
Transitional provisions from 1914 Act to 2017 Law.
..........................................................................................
Myanmar Version (ááŒááºáá¬áá¬áá¬)
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Topcon Retinal Product Portfolio Training â eLearning Modules
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLYBxhWU1BL9JjvWnl4x-MHB8qvHlg4fra
Module 1 â Opening & Retina Diseases Introduction (13 Oct, 13:00â17:30)
Overview of retinal anatomy and physiology
Common retinal diseases (Diabetic Retinopathy, AMD, Macular Edema, Glaucoma overlap)
Global burden and clinical relevance
Role of imaging & surgical technologies in retinal disease management
Module 2 â Triton Pro OCT (14 Oct, AM)
Introduction to Swept-Source OCT technology
Key features: deep penetration, speed, widefield imaging
Clinical applications: glaucoma, macula, choroid
Competitive advantages vs other OCT brands
Sales strategy: âConfidence in diagnosis, clarity in conversationâ
Module 3 â Maestro2 OCT (14 Oct, PM)
One-touch automated OCT + fundus camera
Clinical use cases: fast screening, diabetic retinopathy programs, glaucoma follow-up
Workflow optimization in clinics
Differentiation: ease of use, AI-assisted reporting
Sales messaging to compete with entry-level rivals
Module 4 â OMS-800 OFFISS Microscope (15 Oct, Full day)
Advanced ophthalmic surgical microscope overview
OFFISS system: widefield observation without contact lens
Key features: 3D visualization, vitreous surgery applications
Hands-on training: alignment, system adjustments, surgical simulations
Positioning OMS-800 as a specialist tool for vitreoretinal surgeons
Module 5 â OMS + Volk Systems (16 Oct, AM)
Integration of OMS with Volk Merlin / SOLR systems
Understanding widefield surgical viewing
Practical demo: lens handling, compatibility with vitreous surgery
Clinical value: enhanced visualization for complex retinal cases
Module 6 â IRIDEX PASCAL Laser (16 Oct, PM â for Volk/IRIDEX distributors only)
Introduction to PASCAL (Pattern Scanning Laser)
Technology: multiple fiber system, âMicropulseâ function
Clinical applications: retinal photocoagulation, macular edema, diabetic retinopathy
Hands-on: workflow simulation (if available)
Competitive positioning against conventional lasers
Module 7 â Sales Excellence & Competitive Positioning (integrated wrap-up)
Key talking points for Triton Pro, Maestro2, OMS-800, Volk, PASCAL
How to position Topcon vs competitors (Heidelberg, Zeiss, Nidek, etc.)
Sales role-play and objection handling
Building confidence for distributor teams
ð Would you like me to now develop each module into full eLearning content (theory, suggested YouTube/Topcon videos, FAQs, MCQs, case studies), same as we did for your eye and service training modules?
Subject: RSVP: Invitation for Topcon Retinal Product Portfolio Training on 13-16 Oct 2025
Importance: High
Sensitivity: Private
Dear valued Topcon partners,
We hope this message finds you well.
As highlighted during our recent kickoff meeting, we are pleased to announce the upcoming Product Portfolio Training with a special focus on Retinal Diseases.
This program will feature interactive sessions with our professional global trainers and is designed to further enhance your teamâs expertise.
Please find attached a PDF summarizing the training program.
Kindly register your attendees via the following RSVP link:
RSVP: TIM Regional Retina Product Portfolio Training (13-16 Oct 2025)
Â
To confirm participation, please complete the RSVP by 12 September 2025.
Please forward this invitation to your colleagues but kindly note that participation is limited to a maximum of two attendees per distributor to ensure the best training experience.
We look forward to your valuable participation and to sharing an insightful learning experience together.
Â
·       Venue â Topcon Instruments Malaysia Office, Shar Alam (Showroom on 1st floor at Topcon Positioning Malaysia office (near TIM office)
·       Times â Monday 13th October 2025 13:00-17:30 (Opening, Retina diseases introduction)
          â Tuesday 14th &Wednesday 15th October 2025 9:00-17:30 (Triton, Maestro2, OMS-800 OFFISS)
          â Thursday 16th October 2025 AM (OMS + Volk)PM (IRIDEX PASCAL) *Only for Volk/IRIDEX distributors
·       Focused products
- Triton Pro, Maestro2: To make the confident with the sales talk to compete with competitors
- OMS-800 OFFISS: To become the specialist for the vitreous surgery with more advanced knowledge
- OMS + Volk: To understand Volk Merlin / SOLR system with the knowledge from the OFFISS session
- PASCAL (No Hands-on): To understand the technology of multiple fiber system and new function such as âMicro pulseâ
·       Trainers:
- Global Trainers: Mendosa, Mary, Sunayna
- THQ: Suzuki san
- TIM Application Specialists
- IRIDDEX: Sean
- Volk: TBD
Â
Best Regards,
Tomohiro Abe
ð How Does Land Surveying Work?
English:
Land surveying works by measuring distances, angles, and positions on the Earthâs surface using instruments like total stations, theodolites, GPS, and drones. These measurements are then processed into maps, drawings, or legal records to show exact land boundaries and features.
Myanmar:
Land Surveying ááẠááŒá±áá»ááºááŸá¬ááŒááºáá±á«áºááŸá á¡ááœá¬á¡áá±ážáá»á¬ážá áá±á¬áá·áºáá»á¬ážá áááºáá±áá¬áá»á¬ážááᯠTotal Stationá Theodoliteá GPSá Drone á ááá·áº áááááá¬áá»á¬ážááŒáá·áº ááá¯ááºážáá¬ááŒááºážááŒáá·áº áá¯ááºáá±á¬ááºáááºá ááá¯á¡áá»ááºá¡áááºáá»á¬ážááᯠáá±á¬ááºááá¯ááºáž ááŒá±áá¯á¶áá»á¬ážá áá¯á¶ááœá²áá»ááºáá»á¬áž ááá¯á·ááá¯áẠá¥ááá±á á¬áááºážáá»á¬áž á¡ááŒá ẠááŒááºáááºááŒá®áž ááŒá±áá¬áááºááááááºááŸáá·áº ááá¹ááá¬áá»á¬ážááᯠáááá»á áœá¬ áá±á¬áºááŒáááºá
ð Steps in Land Surveying / Land Surveying á¡ááá·áºáá»á¬áž
Planning (á á®áá¶ááŒááºáž):
English: Define the purpose (boundary, construction, mapping).
Myanmar: áááºááœááºáá»áẠ(áááºááááááºá áá±á¬ááºáá¯ááºáá±ážá ááŒá±áá¯á¶ááœá²ááŒááºáž) ááᯠáááºááŸááºáááºá
Field Measurement (áááºááœááºááá¯ááºážáá¬ááŒááºáž):
English: Measure angles, distances, and elevations using surveying instruments.
Myanmar: Surveying áááááá¬áá»á¬ážááŒáá·áº áá±á¬áá·áºá á¡ááœá¬á¡áá±ážá ááŒá±ááŒááºá¡áááá·áºá¡ááŒáá·áºáá»á¬áž ááá¯ááºážáááºá
Data Recording (á¡áá»ááºá¡ááẠááŸááºáááºážáááºááŒááºáž):
English: Record all observations carefully in field books or digital devices.
Myanmar: áááºáá¬ááŸááºáááºážá á¬á¡á¯áẠááá¯á·ááá¯áẠáá áºáá»á áºáááºá ááºáá»á¬ážááœáẠááŸááºáá¬ážáááºá
Data Processing (á¡áá»ááºá¡ááẠáá¯ááºáá±á¬ááºááŒááºáž):
English: Convert measurements into maps, drawings, or computer models.
Myanmar: ááá¯ááºážáá¬áá»ááºáá»á¬ážááᯠááŒá±áá¯á¶á áá¯á¶ááœá²áá»áẠááá¯á·ááá¯áẠááœááºáá»á°áá¬áá±á¬áºáááºáá»á¬ážá¡ááŒá ẠááŒá±á¬ááºážáá²áááºá
Output & Application (áááẠá¡áá¯á¶ážáá»ááŒááºáž):
English: Use results for construction, land ownership, and planning.
Myanmar: ááááºáá»á¬ážááᯠáá±á¬ááºáá¯ááºáá±ážá ááŒá±áá¬ááá¯ááºááá¯ááºááŸá¯á á á®áá¶ááááºážáá±ážááœá²ááŒááºážááá¯á·ááœáẠá¡áá¯á¶ážáá»áááºá
ð Summary / á¡áá»ááºážáá»á¯ááº
English: Land surveying works by measuring, recording, and mapping land accurately for legal, engineering, and planning purposes.
Myanmar: Land Surveying ááẠááŒá±áá¬ááᯠáááá»á áœá¬ ááá¯ááºážáá¬ááŒááºážá ááŸááºáááºážáááºááŒááºážá ááŒá±áá¯á¶áááºáá®ážááŒááºáž áá»á¬ážááŒáá·áº á¥ááá±á á¡ááºáá»ááºáá®áá¬ááŸáá·áº á á®áá¶ááááºážáá±ážááœá²ááŸá¯ á¡ááœáẠá¡áá¯á¶ážááŒá¯áááºá
ðŠ E-Learning Content Module: Bin Location (Inventory Management)
Module Title
Bin Location System in Inventory Management
Learning Objectives
By the end of this module, learners will be able to:
Understand the concept of a Bin Location System.
Identify the importance of bin locations in warehouse operations.
Explain how to set up and label bin locations.
Demonstrate how to use bin locations to improve stock accuracy.
Apply best practices for maintaining bin locations.
Content Outline
1. Introduction to Bin Location System
Definition of Bin Location
Purpose of bin locations in warehouses
Difference between Fixed vs Random Bin Location systems
2. Importance of Bin Location
Improves picking efficiency
Reduces errors in stock handling
Saves time in locating items
Enhances stock accuracy during cycle counting
3. Bin Location Coding and Structure
Common coding methods (e.g., Aisle-Row-Shelf-Bin)
Example: A01-R02-S03-B05 = Aisle 01, Row 02, Shelf 03, Bin 05
Benefits of a structured coding system
4. Setting up Bin Locations
Warehouse layout planning
Labeling techniques (barcodes, QR codes, RFID tags)
Safety and accessibility considerations
5. Using Bin Locations in Daily Operations
Receiving & put-away process using bin codes
Picking and packing with bin locations
Stock transfers within bin locations
6. Best Practices
Regular bin audits and cycle counts
Keep bins neat and accessible
Ensure bin codes are visible and consistent
Update system immediately after stock movement
7. Common Challenges & Solutions
Misplaced items â Regular cycle counts
Missing bin labels â Re-labeling process
Overcrowded bins â Apply maximum bin capacity rules
Reading Material (2 Pages)
Page 1: Introduction, Importance, Coding System
Page 2: Setup, Operations, Best Practices, Challenges
Suggested YouTube Link
ð Warehouse Bin Location Explained
FAQs (10)
Q: What is a bin location?
A: It is the specific storage spot in a warehouse where inventory is kept.Q: Why do warehouses use bin locations?
A: To improve accuracy, speed, and organization in inventory management.Q: What is the difference between fixed and random bin locations?
A: Fixed bins store the same item in the same spot, while random bins can store different items depending on availability.Q: How are bin codes created?
A: Using warehouse structure like aisle, row, shelf, and bin numbers.Q: Can barcodes be used for bin locations?
A: Yes, barcodes or QR codes make bin tracking faster and more accurate.Q: What happens if an item is placed in the wrong bin?
A: It may cause picking errors; regular cycle counts help detect and correct this.Q: How do bin locations help in picking?
A: Workers can go directly to the correct bin instead of searching the warehouse.Q: Should bin locations have capacity limits?
A: Yes, to avoid overcrowding and damage to items.Q: Who is responsible for maintaining bin locations?
A: Warehouse staff under the supervision of the warehouse manager.Q: How often should bin audits be done?
A: At least monthly or according to company policy.
ð E-Learning Module: Competitive Landscape
1. Dual Language (English + Myanmar)
English Version
Competitive Landscape refers to the overall view of your competitors in the market. It shows who your competitors are, their strengths, weaknesses, strategies, and how they compare with your business.
Studying the competitive landscape helps companies:
Identify market opportunities
Understand customer preferences
Differentiate products/services
Stay ahead of rivals
Myanmar Version (ááŒááºáá¬áá¬áá¬)
ááŸááºááŒáá¯ááºááẠá¡áááºážá¡áá»ááºáž (Competitive Landscape) ááá¯áááºááŸá¬ á¡á áá¯ážáááŸáá·áº á¡áá»á¬ážáá°ááŸá¬ á á»á±ážááœááºá¡ááœááºáž ááœá±á·áá¯á¶áááá·áº ááŸááºááŒáá¯ááºáá°áá»á¬ážá á¡ááŒá±á¡áá±á¡á¬ážáá¯á¶ážááᯠááŸááºážáááºážá áœá¬ ááŒááºáá á±áá±á¬ á¡áá»ááºá¡áááºáá»á¬áž ááŒá áºáááºá
ááŸááºááŒáá¯ááºáááºá¡áááºážá¡áá»ááºážááᯠáá±á·áá¬ááŒááºážááŒáá·áº áá¯áá¹ááá®áá»á¬ážááẠâ
á á»á±ážááœáẠá¡ááœáá·áºá¡áááºážáá»á¬ážááᯠááŸá¬ááœá±áááº
áá¯á¶ážá áœá²áá° ááá¹ááá»á¬ážááᯠáá¬ážáááºáááº
áá¯ááºáá¯ááº/áááºáá±á¬ááºááŸá¯áá»á¬ážááᯠááŒá¬ážáá¬ážá¡á±á¬áẠáááºáá®ážáááº
ááŸááºááŒáá¯ááºáá°áá»á¬ážááẠá¡ááá·áºááŒáá·áºá¡á±á¬áẠááŸááááº
2. Reading Material (A4 size â 2 pages equivalent)
Key Elements of a Competitive Landscape
Direct Competitors â Businesses offering the same products/services.
Indirect Competitors â Alternatives solving the same problem differently.
Market Share â The portion of the market each competitor controls.
Pricing Strategies â Comparison of cost vs. value in the market.
Strengths & Weaknesses â Where competitors excel or fail.
Customer Perceptions â How customers view brands.
Trends & Opportunities â New technologies, demands, or regulations.
Benefits of Analyzing the Competitive Landscape
Helps sales teams prepare responses to objections
Guides product positioning and differentiation
Reveals pricing and promotion gaps
Ensures businesses adapt to industry trends
Tools Commonly Used
SWOT Analysis
Competitor Matrix
Porterâs Five Forces
3. Suggested YouTube Link
ð Introduction to Competitive Landscape
4. FAQs (10 with answers)
Q1. What is a competitive landscape?
A: It is the complete view of all competitors in a market.
ááŒááºáá¬: á á»á±ážááœááºáá²ááŸá ááŸááºááŒáá¯ááºáá°áá»á¬ážá á¡ááŒá±á¡áá±á¡á¬ážáá¯á¶ážááᯠáá±á¬áºááŒááá·áº á¡áá»ááºá¡áááºáá»á¬áž ááŒá áºáááºá
Q2. Why is it important?
A: It helps identify market opportunities and threats.
ááŒááºáá¬: á á»á±ážááœááºá¡ááœáá·áºá¡áááºážááŸáá·áº á¡áá¹ááá¬ááºáá»á¬ážááᯠááá±á¬áá±á«ááºááá¯ááºá á±áááºá
Q3. What is a direct competitor?
A: A business offering the same product/service.
ááŒááºáá¬: áá¯ááºáá¯ááº/áááºáá±á¬ááºááŸá¯ áá°áá®ááá·áº áá¯áá¹ááá®ááᯠááá¯ááá¯áááºá
Q4. What is an indirect competitor?
A: A business that solves the same problem in a different way.
ááŒááºáá¬: áá°áá®áá±á¬ááŒá¿áá¬ááᯠá¡ááŒá¬ážáááºážáááºážááŒáá·áº ááŒá±ááŸááºážááá·áº áá¯áá¹ááá®á
Q5. What is market share?
A: The percentage of total sales a company holds in the market.
ááŒááºáá¬: á á»á±ážááœááºááœáẠáá¯áá¹ááá®áá áºáá¯á ááŸáááá·áº á á¯áá±á«ááºážá¡áá±á¬ááºáž á¡áá»áá¯ážá¡á á¬ážá
Q6. What tool helps compare competitors?
A: Competitor Matrix.
ááŒááºáá¬: ááŸááºááŒáá¯ááºáá° á¡áááºááá áºááŒáá·áº ááŸáá¯ááºážááŸááºááá¯ááºáááºá
Q7. What does SWOT stand for?
A: Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats.
ááŒááºáá¬: á¡á¬ážáá¬áá»ááºá á¡á¬ážáááºážáá»ááºá á¡ááœáá·áºá¡áááºážá á¡áá¹ááá¬ááºá
Q8. How can salespeople use competitive landscape?
A: To prepare answers against competitor objections.
ááŒááºáá¬: ááŸááºááŒáá¯ááºáá°áá»á¬ážá á¡ááŒá áºááŒá±á¬ááŒááºážááᯠáá¯á¶á·ááŒááºááá¯ááºááẠá¡áá¯á¶ážááŒá¯áááºá
Q9. What is customer perception?
A: How customers view or judge a brand.
ááŒááºáá¬: áá¯á¶ážá áœá²áá°áá»á¬ážá á¡ááŸááºáá¶ááááºááᯠáááºááá¯á· ááŒááºááŒá±á¬ááºážá
Q10. What is the outcome of studying competitive landscape?
A: Better business strategies and differentiation.
ááŒááºáá¬: á á»á±ážááœááºááœáẠááœá²ááŒá¬ážááŒá®áž ááá·áºááá·áºáá±á¬ á á®ážááœá¬ážáá±ážááá¬áá»á°áá¬áá»á¬áž áááŸááááºá
ð E-Learning Module: After-Sales Support & Customer Retention
1. Dual Language (English + Myanmar)
English Version
After-Sales Support is the service provided to customers after they purchase a product. It includes installation help, training, warranty service, repairs, and technical assistance.
Customer Retention means keeping customers loyal and encouraging repeat business through quality service, trust, and long-term relationships.
Good after-sales support builds customer satisfaction, loyalty, and positive word-of-mouth, which directly improves sales and business growth.
Myanmar Version (ááŒááºáá¬áá¬áá¬)
á¡áá±á¬ááºážááŒá®ážáá±á¬áẠá¡áá±á¬ááºá¡áá¶á· (After-Sales Support) ááẠáá±ážáááºáá°áá»á¬ážá áá¯ááºáá¯ááºááᯠáááºááŒá®ážáá±á¬áẠáá±ážá áœááºážááá·áº áááºáá±á¬ááºááŸá¯áá»á¬ážááᯠááá¯ááá¯áááºá áááºážááœáẠáááºáááºáááºá¡áá°á¡áá®á áááºáááºážáá±ážááŒááºážá á¡á¬ááá¶áááºáá±á¬ááºááŸá¯á ááŒá¯ááŒááºááŒááºážá áááºážááá¬á¡áá°á¡áá® á áááºááá¯á· áá«áááºáááºá
áá±á¬ááºááẠááááºážááááºážááŸá¯ (Customer Retention) ááá¯áááºááŸá¬ áá±á¬ááºáááºáá»á¬ážááᯠáá¯á¶ááŒááºááŸá¯ááŒáá·áº á áááºáá»á±áááºá¡á±á¬áẠááŒá¯áá¯ááºááŒá®áž áááºáá¶ áááºáá°á á±ááá·áº ááá¬áá»á°áᬠááŒá áºáááºá
á¡áá±á¬ááºážááŒá®ážáá±á¬áẠá¡áá±á¬ááºá¡áá¶á·áá±á¬ááºážááœááºááŒááºážááŒáá·áº áá±á¬ááºááẠá áááºáá»á±áááºááŸá¯á áá¯á¶ááŒááºááŸá¯á áá®áá¬áá¶áááºáááºááŸá¯áá»á¬áž ááá¯ážáá¬ááŒá®áž á á®ážááœá¬ážáá±áž ááá¯ážáááºááŸá¯ááᯠááá¯ááºááá¯áẠáááá±á¬ááºá á±áááºá
2. Reading Material (A4 size â 2 pages equivalent)
Key Elements of After-Sales Support
Installation & Training â Helping customers set up and use the product.
Warranty & Service â Repair or replacement during the warranty period.
Technical Support â Phone, email, or onsite troubleshooting.
Feedback & Communication â Listening to customer issues and suggestions.
Customer Education â Guides, manuals, and workshops.
Customer Retention Strategies
Provide Excellent Support â Quick, reliable service builds trust.
Loyalty Programs â Rewards or discounts for repeat customers.
Regular Follow-Up â Checking customer satisfaction after purchase.
Personalized Service â Treating customers as valued partners.
Consistent Quality â Ensuring every product/service meets expectations.
Benefits
Stronger customer loyalty
Higher repeat sales
Positive referrals and recommendations
Reduced marketing cost (keeping existing customers is cheaper than finding new ones)
3. Suggested YouTube Link
ð After-Sales Service & Customer Retention Explained
4. FAQs (10 with answers)
Q1. What is after-sales support?
A: Services provided to customers after purchase.
ááŒááºáá¬: áá¯ááºáá¯áẠáááºááŒá®ážáá±á¬áẠáá±ážáá±á¬ áááºáá±á¬ááºááŸá¯áá»á¬áž ááŒá áºáááºá
Q2. Why is after-sales support important?
A: It increases customer satisfaction and loyalty.
ááŒááºáá¬: áá±á¬ááºááẠá áááºáá»á±áááºááŸá¯ááŸáá·áº áá¯á¶ááŒááºááŸá¯ ááá¯ážá á±áááºá
Q3. What is customer retention?
A: The process of keeping customers loyal.
ááŒááºáá¬: áá±á¬ááºáááºáá»á¬ážááᯠáááºáá¶áááºáá°á¡á±á¬áẠááááºážááááºážááá·áº áá¯ááºáá±á¬ááºáá»ááºá
Q4. How does after-sales support affect business growth?
A: It brings repeat sales and referrals.
ááŒááºáá¬: áááºáá¶á¡áá±á¬ááºážááŸáá·áº á¡ááŒá¶ááŒá¯ááŸá¯áá»á¬áž áá±á«áºááœááºážá á±áááºá
Q5. What is a warranty service?
A: Repair or replacement guarantee during a set time.
ááŒááºáá¬: áááºááŸááºá¡áá»áááºá¡ááœááºáž ááŒá¯ááŒááºáá±ážááá·áº á¡á¬ááá¶áááºáá±á¬ááºááŸá¯á
Q6. How can customer retention be improved?
A: By providing excellent service and loyalty programs.
ááŒááºáá¬: áá±á¬ááºážááœááºáá±á¬ áááºáá±á¬ááºááŸá¯ááŸáá·áº áá¯á¶ááŒááºááŸá¯á¡á á®á¡á ááºáá»á¬ážááŒáá·áº ááá¯ážáááºá á±áááºá
Q7. What role does feedback play?
A: It helps companies improve products and services.
ááŒááºáá¬: áá¯ááºáá¯ááºááŸáá·áº áááºáá±á¬ááºááŸá¯ ááá¯ážáááºá¡á±á¬áẠáá°áá®áá±ážáááºá
Q8. What is the benefit of customer loyalty?
A: Long-term revenue and stable market position.
ááŒááºáá¬: áá±ááŸááºá¡áá»áá¯ážá¡ááŒááºááŸáá·áº á á»á±ážááœáẠáááºááŒá²ááŸá¯á
Q9. Why is customer education important?
A: It ensures proper product use and satisfaction.
ááŒááºáá¬: áá¯ááºáá¯ááºááᯠááŸááºáááºá áœá¬ á¡áá¯á¶ážááŒá¯ááẠáá°áá®ááŒá®áž á áááºáá»á±áááºá á±áááºá
Q10. Which is cheaperâcustomer retention or acquisition?
A: Retention is cheaper than finding new customers.
ááŒááºáá¬: áá±á¬ááºáááºááááºážááááºážááŒááºážááẠáá±á¬ááºáááºá¡áá ẠááŸá¬ááœá±áááºááẠá ááááºáááºáá¬áááºá
ð E-Learning Module: Compliance & Safety for Survey Instruments & Survey Work
1. Dual Language (English + Myanmar)
English
Compliance and Safety in survey instrument sales and survey work ensures:
Regulatory Standards: Instruments must follow ISO, ASTM, or national metrology standards for accuracy and certification.
Safe Handling & Transport: Survey equipment (Total Stations, GPS, Levels, Drones) must be carried, stored, and transported carefully to avoid damage or injury.
Data Privacy & Security: Survey data must be accurate, protected, and used responsibly without unauthorized sharing.
ááŒááºáá¬
á á áºáááºážáááááá¬áá±á¬ááºážáá»ááŒááºážááŸáá·áº á ááºážáááºá¡áá¯ááºáá»á¬ážááœáẠááá¯ááºáá¬ááŸá¯ááŸáá·áº áá¯á¶ááŒá¯á¶áá±ážááẠá¡á±á¬ááºáá«á¡áá»ááºáá»á¬ážááŒá áºááẠâ
á ááºážáá»ááºážá á¶ááŸá¯ááºážáá»á¬áž â áááááá¬áá»á¬ážááẠáááá»ááŸááºáááºááŸá¯ááŸáá·áº áááºááŸááºá¡ááœáẠISO, ASTM ááá¯á·ááá¯áẠááá¯ááºáá¶ááᬠá á¶ááŸá¯ááºážáá»á¬ážááŸáá·áº ááá¯ááºáá®ááááºá
áá¯á¶ááŒá¯á¶á áœá¬ ááá¯ááºááœááºááŒááºážááŸáá·áº áááºáá°ááá¯á·áá±á¬ááºááŒááºáž â Total Station, GPS, Level, Drone á áááºááá¯á·ááᯠááááá¯ááºáá»ááºá á®ážááŸá¯áááŸáá á±ááẠáá±áá»á¬á áœá¬ áááºáá°á¡áá¯á¶ážááŒá¯ááááºá
áá±áá¬áá¯á¶ááŒá¯á¶áá±áž â á ááºážáááºáá±áá¬áá»á¬ážááᯠáááá»ááŸááºáááºá áœá¬ ááá°ááŒá®áž áá¯á¶ááŒá¯á¶á áœá¬ ááááºážáááºážáá¯á¶ážá áœá²áááºá ááœáá·áºáááŒá¯áá² ááá»áŸáá±ááẠááá¯á¡ááºáááºá
2. Reading Material (A4 size â 2 pages equivalent)
Compliance (Regulatory Standards)
Survey instruments must comply with ISO/ASTM/National metrology standards.
Sellers must provide calibration certificates and user manuals.
Use of uncertified equipment may cause legal penalties and data inaccuracy.
Safety (Handling & Transport)
Always carry instruments in protective cases.
Avoid extreme heat, rain, or dust exposure.
Secure equipment during vehicle transport.
Handle lenses and electronics carefully to extend equipment lifespan.
Field staff must wear safety gear (helmet, vest, boots) especially near roads or construction sites.
Data Privacy & Security
Survey data often includes sensitive geographic information.
Store data in encrypted devices or company-approved software.
Never share client data without authorization.
Follow GDPR/local data laws where applicable.
Protect cloud-stored survey data with strong passwords and access control.
Benefits
Ensures accurate & reliable survey results
Protects workers, instruments, and clients
Avoids legal fines or reputational loss
Builds customer trust & long-term relationships
3. Suggested YouTube Link
ð Survey Equipment Safety & Compliance Training
4. FAQs (10 with answers)
Q1. Why must survey instruments meet regulatory standards?
A: To ensure accuracy and legal compliance.
ááŒááºáá¬: áááá»ááŸááºáááºááŸá¯ááŸáá·áº á¥ááá±á¡ááá¯ááºáž ááá¯ááºáá®á á±áááºá
Q2. What certificate should be given with survey instruments?
A: Calibration certificate.
ááŒááºáá¬: áá»áááºááŸááááºááŸáẠáá±ážááá·áºáááºá
Q3. Why is safe handling important?
A: To avoid equipment damage and accidents.
ááŒááºáá¬: áááááá¬áá»ááºá á®ážááŸá¯á ááááá¯ááºááŸá¯áááŒá áºá á±áááºá
Q4. How should instruments be transported?
A: In protective cases and secured in vehicles.
ááŒááºáá¬: áá¬ááœááºá¡áá¯ááºáá²ááœáẠááá·áºá áá¬ááºááœáẠááá¯ááºáá¶á·á áœá¬ áááºáááºáááºáá°áááºá
Q5. What is the main field safety risk?
A: Traffic accidents and unstable setups.
ááŒááºáá¬: áá¬ááºááá±á¬áºááááŸá¯ááŸáá·áº ááá¯ááºááœáá¯ááºááááºááŒáááºááŒááºážá
Q6. Why is data privacy important in surveying?
A: To protect sensitive client or government information.
ááŒááºáá¬: áá±á¬ááºáááº/á¡á áá¯ážáá¡áá»ááºá¡áááºáá»á¬áž áá¯á¶ááŒá¯á¶á á±áááºá
Q7. How can survey data be secured?
A: By encryption, access control, and backups.
ááŒááºáá¬: á áá¬ážááŸááºááá¯ááºáá¬ááŒááºážá ááœáá·áºááŒá¯áá»ááºááááºážáá»á¯ááºááŒááºážá backup áá¯á¶ážááŒááºážá
Q8. What happens if compliance is ignored?
A: Legal penalties, customer loss, and data errors.
ááŒááºáá¬: á¥ááá±á¡áá±ážáá°ááŸá¯á áá±á¬ááºáááºáá¯á¶ážááŸá¯á¶ážááŸá¯á áá±áá¬ááŸá¬ážááœááºážááŸá¯ ááŒá áºááá¯ááºáááºá
Q9. Who is responsible for compliance & safety?
A: Both sales teams and field surveyors.
ááŒááºáá¬: á¡áá±á¬ááºážá¡ááœá²á·ááŸáá·áº á ááºážáááºáá°áá»á¬áž ááŸá áºáááºáá¯á¶ážá
Q10. What is the long-term benefit of compliance & safety?
A: Customer trust and sustainable business.
ááŒááºáá¬: áá±á¬ááºáááºáá¯á¶ááŒááºááŸá¯ááŸáá·áº áá±ááŸááºáááºáá¶á·ááŸá¯á
ð E-Learning Module: Total Station Set-up
1. Dual Language (English + Myanmar)
English
A Total Station is a precision instrument combining an electronic theodolite, electronic distance measurement (EDM), and microprocessor for data recording.
Proper set-up ensures accuracy, safety, and efficiency in surveying tasks.
ááŒááºáá¬
Total Station ááẠá¡á®áááºááá±á¬áá ẠTheodolite, á¡ááœá¬á¡áá±ážááá¯ááºážáá¬á áẠ(EDM) ááŸáá·áº áá±áá¬ááááºážáááºážá áá Ạááá¯á·ááᯠáá±á«ááºážá ááºáá¬ážááá·áº áááá»ááŸááºáááºáá±á¬ á á áºáááºážáááááᬠááŒá áºáááºá
ááŸááºáááºá áœá¬ áááºáááºááŒááºážááẠáááá»ááŸá¯á áá¯á¶ááŒá¯á¶ááŸá¯ááŸáá·áº survey á¡áá¯ááºáá»á¬ážááœáẠáááá±á¬ááºááŸá¯ á¡ááœáẠá¡áá±ážááŒá®ážáááºá
2. Reading MaterialÂ
Steps for Total Station Set-up
Tripod Set-up
Extend legs equally and press firmly into the ground.
Tripod head should be approximately level and stable.
ááŒááºáá¬:
Tripod ááŒá±áá±á¬ááºáá»á¬ážááᯠáá®áá»áŸá áœá¬ áá»ááŒá®áž ááŒá±ááŒááºáá²ááá¯á· áááá»á áœá¬ á áá¯ááºáá«á
Tripod áŠážáá±á«ááºážááẠáá®áá»áŸááŒá®áž áááºááŒáááºá áœá¬ ááŸáááááºá
Mounting the Instrument
Attach Total Station securely to tripod with fixing screw.
Ensure no wobble.
ááŒááºáá¬:
Total Station ááᯠTripod áá±á«áºááœáẠá¡ááá¡áá» áááºáááºááŒá®áž á¡áá±á«ááºáá²á· ááá¯ááºáá¶á·á áœá¬ áá»áááºáá«á
áá¯ááºáááºážááŸá¯áááŸáá á±ááẠáá±áá»á¬á á±ááááºá
Rough Levelling
Adjust tripod legs to bring bubble in circular level to center.
ááŒááºáá¬:
Tripod ááŒá±áá±á¬ááºáá»á¬ážááᯠáá»áááºááŸáá áá±áá²áá°á០ááœáŸááºáááááá¬ááᯠá¡áááºááá¯á· áá°áá«á
Precise Levelling
Use foot screws and electronic level display to align instrument.
ááŒááºáá¬:
Foot screw áá»á¬ážááŸáá·áº á¡á®áááºááá±á¬áá Ạá¡ááá·áºááœáŸááºáá»ááºááᯠáá¯á¶ážá áááá»á áœá¬ áá»áááºááŸááá«á
Centering Over Point
Use optical or laser plummet to align with ground control point.
ááŒááºáá¬:
Optical/laser plummet ááᯠáá¯á¶ážá ááŒá±ááááºááŸá control point ááŸáá·áº áááá»á áœá¬ ááá¯ááºááá¯ááºá á±ááẠáá»áááºáá«á
Orientation
Enter station point and backsight coordinates.
Sight backsight target with telescope, adjust horizontally.
ááŒááºáá¬:
Station point ááŸáá·áº backsight coordinates ááᯠááá·áºáá«á
Telescope ááŒáá·áº backsight target ááᯠááœá±á·á á¡áá»á¬ážááŒá¬áž ááŸáá·áºáá»áááºáá«á
Safety Notes
Never set up on unstable ground.
Keep away from heavy traffic areas.
Always carry instrument with both hands or protective case.
Avoid direct sunlight or rain exposure when possible.
ááŒááºáá¬:
áááºááŒáááºááŸá¯áááŸááá±á¬ ááŒá±ááŒááºááœáẠááááºáááºáá«ááŸáá·áºá
áá¬ááºáá»ááºááŒáá·áºáá±á¬áá±áá¬áá»á¬ážááœáẠááá¬ážáá«ááŸáá·áºá
áááááá¬ááᯠááŸá áºáááºááŒáá·áº áááºáá°áá«á ááá¯á·ááá¯áẠáá¬ááœááºá¡áá¯ááºá¡áá¯á¶ážááŒá¯áá«á
á¡ááœááºáá°áá±á¬ áá±áá¬áẠááá¯á·ááá¯áẠááá¯ážá áá¯á¡ááŒá±á¡áá±áá»á¬ážááᯠáááŒá¬áá áá expose áá«ááŸáá·áºá
3. Suggested YouTube Link
ð How to Set Up a Total Station for Surveying
4. FAQs (10 with answers)
Q: Why is levelling important?
A: To ensure measurement accuracy.
ááŒááºáá¬: áááá»ááŸááºáááºááŸá¯ á¡ááœáẠá¡áá±ážááŒá®ážáááºáQ: What tool is used for centering?
A: Optical or laser plummet.
ááŒááºáá¬: Optical/laser plummet áá¯á¶ážáááºáQ: Why must the tripod be stable?
A: To avoid vibration and error.
ááŒááºáá¬: áá¯ááºáááºážááŸá¯ááŸáá·áº á¡ááŸá¬ážá¡ááœááºáž áááŒá áºá á±áááºáQ: What is backsight?
A: A known reference point for orientation.
ááŒááºáá¬: á¡á áœááºážá¡ááŸááºááᯠáá»áááºááŸáááẠá¡áá¯á¶ážááŒá¯ááá·áº á¡ááŸááºáQ: What safety gear should surveyors use?
A: Helmet, vest, and boots.
ááŒááºáá¬: áŠážáá¯ááºá ááááá±ážá¡ááºá¹áá»á®á ááŒá±áá»á¬ážáááááºáQ: What if the instrument is not leveled?
A: Measurements will be inaccurate.
ááŒááºáá¬: ááá¯ááºážáá¬ááŸá¯ ááŸá¬ážááœááºážááá¯ááºáááºáQ: Can the instrument be exposed to rain?
A: No, it must be protected.
ááŒááºáá¬: áááá¯á¡ááºáá«á áá¬ááœááºáááºááá¯áááºáQ: Why use protective cases?
A: To prevent damage during transport.
ááŒááºáá¬: áááºáá°áá±á áẠáá»ááºá á®ážááŸá¯áááŒá áºá á±áááºáQ: Who is responsible for proper set-up?
A: The surveyor or operator.
ááŒááºáá¬: Surveyor ááá¯á·ááá¯áẠáááááᬠáá¯á¶ážáá°áQ: What is the first step in set-up?
A: Setting up the tripod.
ááŒááºáá¬: Tripod áááºáááºááŒááºážá
ð E-Learning Module: Establishing Points Along a Base Line
1. Dual Language (English + Myanmar)
English
Establishing points along a base line is a key surveying process used in triangulation, construction, and alignment projects. It involves setting reference points at equal or calculated distances on a straight line, ensuring accuracy for future measurements and layout.
ááŒááºáá¬
Base line á¡ááá¯ááºáž á¡ááŸááºáá»á¬áž áááºáá±á¬ááºááŒááºážááẠtriangulationá áá±á¬ááºáá¯ááºáá±ážá áá»áááºááŸááá±á«ááºážá ááºáá¯ááºáááºážáá»á¬áž ááœáẠá¡áá±ážááŒá®ážáá±á¬ survey áá¯ááºáááºážáá áºáᯠááŒá áºáááºá áááºážááœáẠáááá»ááŸááºáááºá áœá¬ ááá¯ááºážáá¬áá¬ážáá±á¬ á¡ááœá¬á¡áá±ážááŒáá·áº áááºážáá° ááá¯á·ááá¯áẠááœááºáá»ááºáá¬ážáá±á¬ á¡ááŸááºáá»á¬ážááᯠááá¯ááºááá¯ááºááá¯ááºážá¡ááá¯ááºáž áááºááŸááºáá¬ážááŒááºáž ááŒá áºáááºá
2. Reading MaterialÂ
Steps for Establishing Points Along a Base Line
Selection of Base Line
Choose a straight, level, and accessible line.
Must be free from obstructions.
ááŒááºáá¬:
áááºážáá°á áá®áá»áŸááŒá®áž ááœááºáá°á áœá¬ áááºáá±á¬ááºááá¯ááºáá±á¬ ááá¯ááºážááᯠááœá±ážáá«á
á¡áá¬ážá¡áá®áž áááŸáááááºá
Marking the Starting Point
Place a permanent reference mark (peg, stone, or nail).
Record coordinates if needed.
ááŒááºáá¬:
á áááºá¡ááŸááºááᯠáá áºáá¯á¶ážá áá»á±á¬áẠááá¯á·ááá¯áẠáá¶ááœáŸá¬ááŒáá·áº á¡ááŒá²áááºáž á¡ááŸááºáá¬ážáá«á
ááá¯á¡ááºáá«á Coordinates ááŸááºáááºážáááºáá«á
Measuring Distances
Use steel tape, EDM, or Total Station.
Ensure correct tension and alignment.
ááŒááºáá¬:
áá¶ááááºá EDM ááá¯á·ááá¯áẠTotal Station áá¯á¶ážá ááá¯ááºážáá«á
áááá»áá±á¬ á¡áá»á¬ážááœáŸááºážááŸáá·áº á¡ááá¡á¬ážááᯠáá±áá»á¬á á±áá«á
Placing Intermediate Points
Divide the base line into equal or specific intervals.
Mark with pegs or poles.
ááŒááºáá¬:
Base line ááᯠáá®áá»áŸ ááá¯á·ááá¯áẠááœááºáá»ááºáá¬ážáá±á¬ á¡ááœá¬á¡áá±ážáá»á¬ážá¡ááá¯áẠááœá²áá«á
Pegs ááá¯á·ááá¯áẠááá¯ááºáá»á¬ážááŒáá·áº á¡ááŸááºáá¬ážáá«á
Checking Alignment
Use ranging rods or theodolite to confirm straightness.
Adjust if deviation occurs.
ááŒááºáá¬:
Ranging rod ááá¯á·ááá¯áẠtheodolite ááŒáá·áº áááºážáá°ááŸá¯ááᯠá áá á áºáá«á
á¡ááœá¬áá±áž ááŸá±á·áá±á¬áẠááŸááá«á ááŒááºáááºáá»áááºááŸááá«á
Finalizing Base Line
Record all point positions.
Protect markers from being disturbed.
ááŒááºáá¬:
á¡ááŸááºá¡á¬ážáá¯á¶ážááᯠááŸááºáááºážáááºáá«á
á¡ááŸááºáá»á¬áž ááá»ááºá á®ážá¡á±á¬áẠáá¬ááœááºáá«á
Safety & Good Practices
Avoid traffic areas.
Use protective clothing and safety gear.
Double-check all distances and angles.
Maintain clear field notes.
ááŒááºáá¬:
áá¬ááºáá»á¬ážáá»á¬ážáá±á¬ áá±áá¬áá»á¬ážááᯠááá¯á¶ážáá«ááŸáá·áºá
áá¬ááœááºáááºá á¯á¶ááŸáá·áº áá¯á¶ááŒá¯á¶áá±áž áááááá¬áá»á¬áž áá¯á¶ážáá«á
á¡ááœá¬á¡áá±ážááŸáá·áº áá±á¬áá·áºáá»á¬ážááᯠááŸá áºááŒááẠá á áºáá±ážáá«á
Field notes ááᯠá¡ááŒá² ááá·áºááŸááºážá áœá¬ ááŸááºáá¬ážáá¬ážáá«á
3. Suggested YouTube Link
ð How to Establish Points Along a Base Line (Surveying)
4. FAQs (10 with answers)
Q: What is a base line in surveying?
A: A straight reference line for measurements.
ááŒááºáá¬: ááá¯ááºážáá¬ááŸá¯á¡ááœáẠáááºážáá° á¡ááŒá±áá¶ááá¯ááºážááŒá áºáááºáQ: Why are points established along a base line?
A: For triangulation, alignment, and construction works.
ááŒááºáá¬: Triangulationá áá»áááºááŸáááŸáá·áº áá±á¬ááºáá¯ááºáá±ážá¡ááœááºáQ: What tools are used?
A: Tape, EDM, Theodolite, or Total Station.
ááŒááºáá¬: Tape, EDM, Theodolite, Total Station á¡áá¯á¶ážááŒá¯áááºáQ: How are points marked?
A: Using pegs, nails, or poles.
ááŒááºáá¬: Pegs, áá¶ááœáŸá¬ ááá¯á·ááá¯áẠááá¯ááºáá»á¬áž áá¯á¶ážáááºáQ: What ensures straightness?
A: Ranging rods or Theodolite checks.
ááŒááºáá¬: Ranging rod ááá¯á·ááá¯áẠTheodolite á áá á áºááŒááºážáQ: How are intervals decided?
A: Equal distances or based on project needs.
ááŒááºáá¬: áá®áá»áŸáá±á¬ á¡ááœá¬á¡áá±áž ááá¯á·ááá¯áẠááá¯á¡ááºáá»ááºá¡ááá¯ááºáQ: Why is permanent marking important?
A: To prevent losing the reference point.
ááŒááºáá¬: á¡ááŒá±áá¶á¡ááŸáẠááá»ááºá á±áááºáQ: What safety steps are needed?
A: Avoid traffic, wear gear, protect points.
ááŒááºáá¬: áá¬ááºáá»ááºááŒáá·áºáá±áá¬ááŸá±á¬ááºáá«á áá¯á¶ááŒá¯á¶áá±ážáááºá á¯á¶ áá¯á¶ážáá«á á¡ááŸááºáá»á¬ážááᯠáá¬ááœááºáá«áQ: Can GPS be used?
A: Yes, for modern surveys.
ááŒááºáá¬: áá¯ááºáá«áááºá áá±ááºáá® survey áá»á¬ážááœáẠá¡áá¯á¶ážááŒá¯ááá¯ááºáááºáQ: Who is responsible for checking accuracy?
A: The surveyor or team leader.
ááŒááºáá¬: Surveyor ááá¯á·ááá¯áẠá¡ááœá²á·áá±á«ááºážáá±á¬ááºá
ð E-Learning Module: Setting up a Survey Total Station
1. Dual Language (English + Myanmar)
English
A Total Station is a modern surveying instrument that integrates angle measurement (theodolite), distance measurement (EDM), and data recording in a single device. Correct setup is the first and most important step in ensuring accurate survey results.
ááŒááºáá¬
Total Station ááẠáá±á¬áá·áºááá¯ááºážáááááᬠ(theodolite)á á¡ááœá¬á¡áá±ážááá¯ááºážáááááᬠ(EDM) ááŸáá·áº áá±áá¬ááŸááºáááºážáááºááŒááºážááá¯á·ááᯠáá±á«ááºážá ááºáá¬ážáá±á¬ áá±ááºáá® Survey áááááá¬ááŒá áºáááºá áááá»ááŸááºáááºá áœá¬ áááºáááºááŒááºážááẠááŸááºáááºáá±á¬ Survey áááẠáááŸáá á±ááẠá¡áááá¡ááá·áºááŒá áºáááºá
2. Reading MaterialÂ
Step-by-Step: Setting up a Total Station
1. Tripod Setup
Place tripod legs firmly on stable ground.
Adjust tripod height to waist level.
Top plate should be roughly horizontal.
ááŒááºáá¬: Tripod áá»á±á¬ááºážáá»á¬ážááᯠáááºážáá»ááºá áœá¬ ááŒá±ááœáẠáá»ááŒá®ážá áá»áááºááŸááᬠá¡áá±á«áºááŒá¬ážááᯠá¡áá»á¬ážááá¯áẠáá®á¡á±á¬áẠáá¬ážáá«á
2. Centering (Plumbing over Point)
Place instrument directly over survey station mark.
Use optical plummet or laser plummet for accuracy.
ááŒááºáá¬: Survey á¡ááŸááºáá±á«áº áááá»á áœá¬ áááºáááºááẠOptical/laser plummet áá¯á¶ážáá«á
3. Levelling the Instrument
Use tripod adjustment first.
Fine-tune using foot screws and circular bubble.
Ensure bubble is centered.
ááŒááºáá¬: Tripod ááŸáá·áº foot screw áá»á¬ážááᯠá¡áá¯á¶ážááŒá¯á bubble ááᯠá¡áááºááŸááºá¡á±á¬áẠáá»áááºáá«á
4. Focusing
Adjust eyepiece to suit eyesight.
Focus crosshairs clearly.
Then focus on the target prism.
ááŒááºáá¬: áá»ááºá áá¡ááá¯áẠeyepiece áá»áááºááŒá®ážá á¡ááŸááºá ááºááŸáá·áº target ááᯠáááá»á áœá¬ ááœá±á·áá»áááºáá«á
5. Zero Setting & Orientation
Reset horizontal circle to zero or reference azimuth.
Back sight to a known point for orientation.
ááŒááºáá¬: á¡áá»á¬ážááá¯ááºážááᯠzero ááá¯á· áá»áááºááŒá®ážá ááááŸáááŒá®ážáá¬áž á¡ááŸááºááᯠback sight áá¯ááºáá«á
6. Data Check
Confirm instrument is correctly recording angles, distances, and coordinates.
ááŒááºáá¬: áá±á¬áá·áºá á¡ááœá¬á¡áá±ážááŸáá·áº Coordinates áááá»ááŸááºáááºááŸá¯ á á áºáá±ážáá«á
Best Practices & Safety Tips
Do not set up on loose or vibrating ground.
Avoid exposure to direct rain and dust.
Always lock the instrument before transport.
Use sunshade to protect from strong light.
ááŒááºáá¬:
ááááºááŒáááºáá±á¬ ááŒá±ááŒááºáá±á«áºááœáẠááááºáá«ááŸáá·áºá
ááá¯ážá áá¯ááºáá»á¬ážá០áá¬ááœááºáá«á
áááºáá°áá® Lock áá»áá¬ážáá«á
áá±áá±á¬áẠáá»á¬ážá áœá¬ áá¶áááá·áºáá±áá¬ááœáẠáá±áᬠá¡áá¯á¶ážááŒá¯áá«á
3. Suggested YouTube Link
ð How to Set Up a Total Station (Surveying Tutorial)
4. FAQs (10 with Answers)
Q: What is a Total Station?
A: An instrument combining angle, distance, and data measurement.
ááŒááºáá¬: áá±á¬áá·áºá á¡ááœá¬á¡áá±ážá áá±áᬠááá¯ááºážáá¬áá±á«ááºážá ááºáá¬ážáá±á¬ áááááá¬áQ: Why is centering important?
A: To ensure accurate alignment over the survey point.
ááŒááºáá¬: Survey á¡ááŸááºáá±á«áº áááá»á áœá¬ áááºáááºáááºáQ: Which tool is used for centering?
A: Optical or laser plummet.
ááŒááºáá¬: Optical ááá¯á·ááá¯áẠlaser plummet áá¯á¶ážáááºáQ: How do you level the instrument?
A: Using foot screws and bubble level.
ááŒááºáá¬: Foot screw ááŸáá·áº bubble ááŒáá·áº áá»áááºáááºáQ: What is focusing in Total Station?
A: Adjusting eyepiece and crosshairs for clarity.
ááŒááºáá¬: Eyepiece ááŸáá·áº crosshair áááá»á¡á±á¬áẠáá»áááºááŒááºážáQ: Why reset horizontal circle to zero?
A: For reference and accurate orientation.
ááŒááºáá¬: á¡ááŒá±áá¶ ááá¯ááºážáá¬ááŸá¯ ááŸááºáááºá á±áááºáQ: Can one person set up a Total Station?
A: Yes, but two people make it faster and safer.
ááŒááºáá¬: áá áºáŠážáááºáž áá¯ááºááá¯ááºáá±á¬áºáááºáž ááŸá áºáŠáž áá¯á¶ážááẠááá¯áá¯á¶ááŒá¯á¶á á¡áá»áááºááá¯áááºáQ: What happens if leveling is wrong?
A: Survey results will be inaccurate.
ááŒááºáá¬: Survey áááẠááŸá¬ážááœááºážáááºáQ: How to protect the instrument in the field?
A: Use tripod firmly and shield from rain/dust.
ááŒááºáá¬: Tripod áááºážáá»ááºá áœá¬ áá¯á¶ážááŒá®áž ááá¯ážá áá¯ááºá០áá¬ááœááºáá«áQ: What is the final step before surveying?
A: Data check (angles, distances, coordinates).
ááŒááºáá¬: áá±áᬠá á áºáá±ážááŒááºážá
ð E-Learning Module: Surveying â Quick Point Layout
1. Dual Language (English + Myanmar)
English
Quick Point Layout in surveying is the process of transferring design points (coordinates, grid lines, or reference marks) from drawings into the field quickly and accurately. It is widely used in construction, roadworks, and infrastructure projects where time and precision are critical.
ááŒááºáá¬
Surveying á¡ááœááºáž Quick Point Layout ááá¯áááºááŸá¬ áá¯á¶ááœá²á០á¡áá»ááºá¡áááºáá»á¬áž (Coordinatesá Grid Line áá»á¬áž ááá¯á·ááá¯áẠá¡áá»ááºá¡ááẠá¡ááŸááºáá»á¬ážááá¯) ááŒá±ááŒááºáá±á«áºááá¯á· ááŒááºáááºááŒá®áž áááá»á áœá¬ áááºááá¯á·ááŒááºáž ááᯠááá¯ááá¯áááºá áááºážááᯠá¡áá±á¬ááºá¡áŠážá áááºážáá±á¬ááºáá¯ááºáá±ážá á¡ááŒá±áá¶á¡áá±á¬ááºá¡áŠážáá¯ááºáááºážáá»á¬ážááœáẠá¡áá»áááºááŸáá·áº áááá»ááŸá¯ááá¯á¡ááºáá±á¬á¡áá« á¡áá¯á¶ážáá»á¬ážáááºá
2. Reading Material
Key Steps in Quick Point Layout
1. Preparation
Import design coordinates into the instrument (Total Station / GPS).
Verify reference benchmarks.
ááŒááºáá¬: Design coordinate áá»á¬ážááᯠáááááá¬áá²ááá·áºááŒá®áž á¡ááŒá±áá¶á¡ááŸááºáá»á¬áž á á áºáá±ážáá«á
2. Instrument Setup
Set up Total Station or GNSS receiver on a known control point.
Level and center the instrument.
ááŒááºáá¬: Control point á¡áá±á«áºááœáẠTotal Station/GNSS áááºáááºááŒá®áž áá»áááºááŸááá«á
3. Orientation
Back-sight to another control point for orientation.
ááŒááºáá¬: á¡ááŒá¬áž control point ááᯠback sight áá¯ááºá áŠážáááºáá»áẠáá»áááºáá«á
4. Layout Points
Select design point from the instrument.
Turn instrument and mark point on the ground using prism or GPS rod.
ááŒááºáá¬: Design point ááᯠáááááá¬áá²ááœáẠááœá±ážáá»ááºááŒá®áž ááŒá±ááŒááºáá±á«áºááœáẠá¡ááŸááºá¡áá¬áž áá»áá«á
5. Verification
Recheck marked points to confirm accuracy.
ááŒááºáá¬: á¡ááŸááºá¡áá¬ážáá¬ážááá·áºáá±áá¬áá»á¬ážááᯠááŒááºá á áºááŒá®áž áááá»ááŸááºáááºááŸá¯ á¡áááºááŒá¯áá«á
Applications
Building foundation layouts
Column, wall, and slab positioning
Road alignment
Utility line (pipes, cables) installation
ááŒááºáá¬:
á¡áá±á¬ááºá¡áŠážá¡ááŒá±áá¶ á¡ááŸááºáá»ááŒááºáž
ááá¯ááºá áá¬ážááá¯ááºá¡áá±á¬ááºá·áá»á¬áž á á®á ááºááŒááºáž
áááºážáááºáž áŠážáááºáá»ááºáá»ááŒááºáž
áá±ááá¯ááºá áá»áŸááºá á áºááŒáá¯áž áááºáááºááŒááºáž
Best Practices & Safety
Always double-check coordinates before marking.
Protect markers from being disturbed.
Use safety PPE (helmet, vest, boots).
ááŒááºáá¬:á¡ááŸááºáá»áá® Coordinates á¡áááºááŒá¯áá«á
á¡ááŸááºáá»á¬áž áá»ááºáá®ážááá¶áá¡á±á¬áẠáá¬ááœááºáá«á
PPE (áŠážáá¯ááºá á¡áááºá¡áá¬á áááááº) áá¯á¶ážáá«á
3. Suggested YouTube Link
ð Quick Point Layout with Total Station
4. FAQs (10 with Answers)
Q: What is Quick Point Layout?
A: Rapid transfer of design points to the field.
ááŒááºáá¬: áá¯á¶ááœá²á¡áá»ááºáá»á¬ážááᯠááŒá±ááŒááºááá¯á· ááŒááºáááºá áœá¬ áááºááá¯á·ááŒááºážáQ: Which instruments are commonly used?
A: Total Station and GNSS receiver.
ááŒááºáá¬: Total Station ááŸáá·áº GNSS receiver áá¯á¶ážáááºáQ: Why is Quick Point Layout important?
A: Saves time and increases accuracy in construction.
ááŒááºáá¬: á¡áá»áááºáá¯ááºáááºáá¬á á±ááŒá®áž áááá»ááŸá¯ ááŒáá·áºá á±áááºáQ: What is a control point?
A: A known reference point used for instrument setup.
ááŒááºáá¬: áááááᬠáááºáááºáᬠá¡ááŒá±áá¶á¡ááŸááºáQ: What tool is used for marking points?
A: Prism pole, GPS rod, or paint mark.
ááŒááºáá¬: Prism poleá GPS rod ááá¯á·ááá¯áẠáá¶áá¯á¶ážá¡ááŸááºáQ: How to ensure accuracy of layout points?
A: Double-check with re-measurement.
ááŒááºáá¬: áá áºááŒáááºáááºááá¯ááºážááŒá®áž á¡áááºááŒá¯áá«áQ: Can GPS be used for Quick Point Layout?
A: Yes, especially in open areas.
ááŒááºáá¬: áá¯ááºáááºá ááá¯ááá¯ááœáá·áºááœáŸááºááá·áºáá±áá¬áá»á¬ážááœáẠááá·áºáá±á¬áºáááºáQ: What if the point is misplaced?
A: Recheck coordinates and remark correctly.
ááŒááºáá¬: Coordinate ááŒááºá á áºááŒá®áž ááŸááºáááºá¡á±á¬áẠá¡ááŸááºáá»áá«áQ: Is Quick Point Layout only for buildings?
A: No, it is also used in roads and utilities.
ááŒááºáá¬: á¡áá±á¬ááºá¡áŠážáᬠááá¯ááºáá² áááºážááŸáá·áº á¡ááŒá±áá¶á¡áá±á¬ááºá¡áŠážáá»á¬ážááœááºáááºáž áá¯á¶ážáááºáQ: What safety measures are required?
A: PPE and clear marking for visibility.
ááŒááºáá¬: PPE á¡áá¯á¶ážááŒá¯ááŒá®áž ááŒááºáá¬á¡á±á¬áẠá¡ááŸááºáá»ááẠááá¯áááºá
ð Dual-Language Training Module
Topographic Survey with a Total Station
Total Station ááŒáá·áº ááŒá±áá»ááºááŸá¬ááŒáẠá á áºáá±ážááŒááºáž
Introduction / áááá«ááºáž
English: A topographic survey is the process of mapping natural and man-made features of land, such as elevations, trees, buildings, and roads. A Total Station is an efficient instrument that combines distance and angle measurements.
Myanmar: ááŒá±áá»ááºááŸá¬ááŒáẠá á áºáá±ážááŸá¯ (Topographic Survey) ááá¯áááºááŸá¬ ááŒá±ááŒááºáá±á«áºááŸá ááá¬áááŸáá·áº áá°áááºáá±á¬ááºáá¬ážáá±á¬ á¡áá±á¬ááºá¡áŠážáá»á¬ážá áááºážáá»á¬ážá ááŒá±ááŒáá·áºááŒá±á¬ááºáááá·áºáá»á áœá¬áá»á¬ážááᯠá¡ááŸááºáááá°ááŒááºáž ááŒá áºááŒá®áž Total Station ááẠá¡ááœá¬á¡áá±ážááŸáá·áº áá±á¬áá·áº ááá¯ááºážáá¬ááŸá¯ááᯠáá±á«ááºážá ááºááá¯ááºáá±á¬ áááá±á¬ááºáá±á¬ áááááᬠááŒá áºáááºá
Objectives / áááºááœááºáá»ááºáá»á¬áž
English:
To capture precise positions (X, Y, Z coordinates).
To record terrain features such as slopes, contours, and elevations.
To create accurate maps for construction and planning.
Myanmar:
áááá»ááŸááºáááºáá±á¬ á¡áá±á¡áá¬áž (X, Y, Z) ááᯠááá°áááº
ááŒá±áá»ááºááŸá¬ááŒáẠáá±á¬ááºáá»á¯á¶áá»á¬ážá ááŒá±ááŒá®ážááŒáá·áºáááá·áºáá»á¬ážááᯠá á áºáá±ážáááº
áááá»áá±á¬ ááŒá±áá¯á¶áá»á¬áž áááºáá®ážáááº
Steps in Topographic Survey / á á áºáá±ážááŸá¯ á¡ááá·áºáá»á¬áž
Instrument Setup / áááááᬠáááºáááºááŒááºáž â Place Total Station on tripod, center and level.
Tripod áá±á«áºááœáẠáááºáááºááŒá®áž Centering ááŸáá·áº Leveling ááŒá¯áá¯ááºáááºOrientation / áŠážáááºáá»ááºáá»ááŸááºááŒááºáž â Use backsight to a known point.
á¡ááŒáá¯ááºá¡ááŸáẠ(Backsight) ááᯠá¡áá¯á¶ážááŒá¯áááºData Collection / áá±áᬠá á¯áá±á¬ááºážááŒááºáž â Measure features like roads, buildings, trees.
áááºážáá»á¬ážá á¡áá±á¬ááºá¡áŠážáá»á¬ážá áá áºáááºáá»á¬áž á áááºááá¯á·ááᯠááá¯ááºážááœá¬áááºCoding Features / á¡ááŸááºáá»á¬áž áááºááŸááºááŒááºáž â Use codes (e.g., T = Tree, B = Building).
áááºááŸááºáá¬ážáá±á¬ á á¬áá¯á¶ážáá»á¬ážáá¯á¶ážááẠ(á¥ááᬠâ T = Tree, B = Building)Data Processing / áá±áᬠá á¯áá±á¬ááºážááŒá®ážáá±á¬áẠáá±á¬ááºááœááºááŒááºáž â Transfer to software for map creation.
ááœááºáá»á°áá¬áá²ááá¯á· ááá·áºááŒá®áž Contour ááŸáá·áº ááŒá±áá¯á¶áááºáá®ážáááº
Applications / á¡áá¯á¶ážáá»ááá¯ááºáá±á¬ áá±áá¬áá»á¬áž
English: Road and bridge design, construction planning, land development, flood control.
Myanmar: áááºážá áá¶áá¬áž áá®ááá¯ááºážá á¡áá±á¬ááºá¡áŠáž áááºáá±á¬ááºáá±ážá ááŒá±ááœá¶á·ááŒáá¯ážáá±ážá áá±ááŒá±á¬áá·áºááŒá áºáá±á¬ ááŒá¿áá¬áá»á¬áž á¡á¬ážáá¬ááœááºááŒááºáž
ð E-Learning Module: Traverse & Line Bearing Techniques
Dual Language (English & Myanmar)
1. Reading MaterialÂ
1. Introduction / áááá«ááºáž
English:
Traverse survey involves measuring a series of connected lines to determine control points and plot maps. Bearings are the angles between a line and a reference direction (usually North). Total Station setup and compass readings are essential for accurate line bearings.Myanmar:
Traverse survey ááẠáá»áááºáááºáá¬ážáá±á¬ ááá¯ááºážáá»á¬ážááᯠááá¯ááºážáá¬ááŒá®áž á¡ááááºážá¡ááŸááºáá»á¬áž áá±á¬áºáá¯ááºáááºááŸáá·áº ááŒá±áá¯á¶áá»á¬áž ááœá²ááẠá¡áá¯á¶ážááŒá¯áááºá Bearing ááá¯áááºááŸá¬ ááá¯ááºážáá áºáá¯ááŸáá·áº áŠážáááºáá»áẠ(áá¬áááºá¡á¬ážááŒáá·áº ááŒá±á¬ááº) á¡ááŒá¬ážáá±á¬áá·áºááŒá áºáááºá Accurate line bearing áááẠTotal Station setup ááŸáá·áº Compass ááá¯ááºážáá¬ááŸá¯áá»á¬áž ááá¯á¡ááºáááºá
2. Setting up a Total Station / Total Station áááºáááºááŒááºáž
Mount the Total Station on a tripod.
Center over the station mark using plumb bob.
Level the instrument using foot screws.
Initialize the instrument and set reference azimuth.
ááŒááºáá¬:
Total Station ááᯠTripod áá±á«áºááœáẠáááºáááºáá«á
Plumb bob áá¯á¶ážááŒá®áž station mark á¡áááºááœáẠáááºáá±áá¬á áá á áºáá«á
Foot screws á¡áá¯á¶ážááŒá¯ááŒá®áž level áá¯ááºáá«á
Instrument ááᯠinitialize ááŒá®áž reference azimuth áááºááŸááºáá«á
3. Reading Bearings from a Compass / Compass á០Bearing áááºááŒááºáž
Orient the compass to magnetic North.
Read the angle between the line to the next point and magnetic North.
Record the bearing in field notes.
ááŒááºáá¬:
Compass ááᯠmagnetic North ááá¯á· áŠážáááºáá«á
áá±á¬ááºá¡ááŸááºááá¯á· ááœá²áá¬ážáá±á¬ line ááŸáá·áº magnetic North á¡ááŒá¬áž áá±á¬áá·áºááᯠáááºáá«á
Field note ááœáẠBearing ááᯠááŸááºáá¬ážáá«á
4. Setting up Line Bearing / Line Bearing áááºáááºááŒááºáž
Mark the start and end points of the line.
Measure line bearing using compass or Total Station.
Adjust Total Station orientation if needed.
Begin traverse survey along the line using measured bearing.
ááŒááºáá¬:
Line á¡á ááŸáá·áº á¡áá¯á¶ážá¡ááŸááºááᯠMark áá¯ááºáá«á
Compass ááá¯á·ááá¯áẠTotal Station ááŒáá·áº Line Bearing ááá¯ááºážáá«á
ááá¯á¡ááºáá«á Total Station orientation ááᯠááŒááºáááºáá«á
áá»áŸá±á¬áºááŸááºážáá¬ážáá±á¬ bearing á¡ááá¯ááºáž traverse survey ááᯠá áááºáá«á
5. Applications / á¡áá¯á¶ážáá»ááŸá¯áá»á¬áž
Road and pipeline alignment
Boundary survey and land division
Construction control points
Topographic mapping
ááŒááºáá¬:
áááºážááŸáá·áºááá¯ááºááá¯ááºáž áááºážááœáŸááºááŒááºáž
áááºááááááºááŸáá·áº ááŒá±ááá¯ááºáᬠááœá²ááŒá¬ážááŸá¯
á¡áá±á¬ááºá¡áŠáž ááááºážáá»á¯ááºááŸá¯ á¡ááŸááºáá»á¬áž
ááŒá±áá»ááºááŸá¬ááŒááºá á áºáá±ážááŸá¯
2. YouTube Reference
ð Traverse & Bearing Survey Tutorial
3. FAQsÂ
Q: What is a traverse? / Traverse ááá¯áá¬áá¬áá²?
A: A series of connected survey lines to determine points. / áá»áááºáááºáá¬ážáá±á¬ ááá¯ááºážáá»á¬ážááŒáá·áº á¡ááŸááºáá»á¬ážáááºááŸááºááŒááºážáQ: What is a line bearing? / Line Bearing ááá¯áá¬áá¬áá²?
A: Angle between the line and reference direction (usually North). / ááá¯ááºážááŸáá·áº áŠážáááºáá»ááºá¡ááŒá¬ážáá±á¬áá·áº (áá¬áááºá¡á¬ážááŒáá·áº ááŒá±á¬ááº)áQ: Why is Total Station setup important? / Total Station setup á¡áá±ážááŒá®ážááá·áºá¡ááŒá±á¬ááºáž?
A: Ensures accurate measurement of angles and distances. / áá±á¬áá·áºááŸáá·áº á¡ááœá¬á¡áá±áž ááá¯ááºážáá¬ááŸá¯ áááá»ááŸá¯ááᯠá¡á¬ááá¶áááºáQ: How to read a compass bearing? / Compass Bearing ááᯠáááºááᯠáááºááá²?
A: Orient compass to magnetic North and measure the angle to line. / Compass ááᯠmagnetic North ááá¯á· áŠážáááºááŒá®áž line á¡áá áá±á¬áá·áºááá¯ááºážáááºáQ: Can traverse be done without compass? / Compass áááŸááá² traverse áá¯ááºááá¯ááºááá¬áž?
A: Yes, with Total Station only. / áá¯ááºáááºá Total Station áá¬ááŒáá·áºáááºáž áá¯ááºááá¯ááºáááºáQ: What is an open traverse? / Open Traverse ááá¯áá¬áá¬áá²?
A: Traverse that does not return to starting point. / á áááºáá¬áá±áá¬ááá¯á· áááŒááºáá±á¬ traverse ááŒá áºáááºáQ: What is a closed traverse? / Closed Traverse ááá¯áá¬áá¬áá²?
A: Traverse that forms a loop returning to start. / á áááºáá¬áá±áá¬ááá¯á· ááŒááºáá±á¬ááºááŒá®áž á¡á ááºááá¯ááºážááŒá áºáá±á¬ traverseáQ: How to adjust instrument if line is not aligned? / Line ááá®áá»áŸáẠinstrument ááᯠáááºááᯠááŒááºááá²?
A: Rotate Total Station and re-level. / Total Station ááᯠááŸáá·áºá Level ááŒááºáá»áááºáá«áQ: What is a station mark? / Station Mark ááá¯áá¬áá¬áá²?
A: A fixed point on the ground used as reference. / ááŒá±ááŒááºáá±á«áºááœáẠá¡á ááºá¡ááẠá¡ááœáŸááºážá¡ááœáẠáááºááŸááºáá¬ážáá±á¬ á¡ááŸááºáQ: Why record bearing in field notes? / Bearing ááᯠField Note ááœáẠááŸááºáá¬ážáááá¬áž?
A: For calculation and map plotting later. / áá±á¬ááºáá¯á¶ážááœáẠááœááºáá»ááºááŒááºážááŸáá·áº ááŒá±áá¯á¶ááœá²áááºá
ð E-Learning Module: Traverse â Total Station Setup, Compass Bearing & Line Bearing
Dual Language: English + Myanmar
1. Reading Material
1. Introduction / áááá«ááºáž
English:
Traverse surveying is the process of measuring a series of connected lines to determine control points and accurately map an area. Bearings are angles between a survey line and a reference direction (usually North). Accurate Total Station setup and compass readings are essential for precise line bearings.Myanmar:
Traverse Survey ááá¯áááºááŸá¬ áá»áááºáááºáá¬ážáá±á¬ ááá¯ááºážáá»á¬ážááᯠááá¯ááºážáá¬ááŒá®áž á¡ááááºážá¡ááŸááºáá»á¬ážáááºááŸááºáááºááŸáá·áº á§áááá¬ááᯠáááá»á áœá¬ ááŒá±áá¯á¶ááœá²ááẠá¡áá¯á¶ážááŒá¯áá±á¬ á á áºáá±ážááŸá¯ ááŒá áºáááºá Bearing ááá¯áááºááŸá¬ ááá¯ááºážáá áºáá¯ááŸáá·áº áŠážáááºáá»áẠ(áá¬áááºá¡á¬ážááŒáá·áº ááŒá±á¬ááº) á¡ááŒá¬áž áá±á¬áá·áºááŒá áºáááºá áááá»áá±á¬ line bearing áááẠTotal Station setup ááŸáá·áº Compass áááºááŒááºáž ááá¯á¡ááºáááºá
2. Total Station Setup / Total Station áááºáááºááŒááºáž
Mount the Total Station on a tripod.
Center the instrument over the station mark using a plumb bob.
Level the instrument using foot screws.
Initialize the instrument and set the reference azimuth.
ááŒááºáá¬:
Total Station ááᯠtripod áá±á«áºááœáẠáááºáááºáá«á
Plumb bob áá¯á¶ážá station mark á¡áááºááŸá¬ áááºáá±áá¬á áá á áºáá«á
Foot screws á¡áá¯á¶ážááŒá¯ááŒá®áž level ááŒá¯áá¯ááºáá«á
Instrument ááᯠinitialize ááŒá®áž reference azimuth áááºááŸááºáá«á
3. Reading Bearing from Compass / Compass á០Bearing áááºááŒááºáž
Orient the compass to magnetic North.
Measure the angle between the line to the next point and magnetic North.
Record the bearing in the field notes.
ááŒááºáá¬:
Compass ááᯠmagnetic North ááá¯á· áŠážáááºáá«á
áá±á¬ááºá¡ááŸááºááá¯á· ááœá²áá¬ážáá±á¬ line ááŸáá·áº magnetic North á¡ááŒá¬áž áá±á¬áá·áºááᯠáááºáá«á
Field note ááœáẠbearing ááᯠááŸááºáá¬ážáá«á
4. Setting up Line Bearing / Line Bearing áááºáááºááŒááºáž
Mark the start and end points of the survey line.
Measure the line bearing using the compass or Total Station.
Adjust the Total Station orientation if necessary.
Begin traverse survey along the line using the measured bearing.
ááŒááºáá¬:
Line á¡á ááŸáá·áº á¡áá¯á¶ážá¡ááŸááºáá»á¬ážááᯠmark áá¯ááºáá«á
Compass ááá¯á·ááá¯áẠTotal Station ááŒáá·áº line bearing ááᯠááá¯ááºážáá«á
ááá¯á¡ááºáá«á Total Station orientation ááᯠááŒááºáááºáá«á
ááá¯ááºážáá¬áá¬ážáá±á¬ bearing á¡ááá¯ááºáž traverse survey ááᯠá áááºáá«á
5. Applications / á¡áá¯á¶ážáá»ááŸá¯áá»á¬áž
Road and pipeline alignment
Boundary and land surveys
Construction control points
Topographic mapping
ááŒááºáá¬:
áááºážááŸáá·áº ááá¯ááºááá¯ááºáž áááºážááœáŸááºááŒááºáž
áááºááááááºááŸáá·áº ááŒá±ááá¯ááºáᬠá á áºáá±ážááŸá¯
á¡áá±á¬ááºá¡áŠáž ááááºážáá»á¯ááºááŸá¯ á¡ááŸááºáá»á¬áž
ááŒá±áá»ááºááŸá¬ááŒáẠá á áºáá±ážááŸá¯
2. YouTube Reference
ð Traverse Survey & Bearing Measurement Tutorial
3. FAQs (10 Dual-Language)
Q: What is a traverse? / Traverse ááá¯áá¬áá¬áá²?
A: A series of connected survey lines to determine points. / áá»áááºáááºáá¬ážáá±á¬ ááá¯ááºážáá»á¬ážááŒáá·áº á¡ááŸááºáá»á¬ážáááºááŸááºááŒááºážáQ: What is line bearing? / Line Bearing ááá¯áá¬áá¬áá²?
A: Angle between a survey line and a reference direction. / ááá¯ááºážááŸáá·áº áŠážáááºáá»ááºá¡ááŒá¬áž áá±á¬áá·áºáQ: Why is Total Station setup important? / Total Station setup á¡áá±ážááŒá®ážááá·áºá¡ááŒá±á¬ááºáž?
A: Ensures accurate measurement of angles and distances. / áá±á¬áá·áºááŸáá·áº á¡ááœá¬á¡áá±áž ááá¯ááºážáá¬ááŸá¯ áááá»ááŸá¯ááᯠá¡á¬ááá¶áááºáQ: How do you read compass bearing? / Compass Bearing ááᯠáááºááᯠáááºááá²?
A: Align compass to magnetic North and measure angle to line. / Compass ááᯠmagnetic North ááá¯á· áŠážáááºááŒá®áž line á¡áá áá±á¬áá·áºááá¯ááºážáááºáQ: Can traverse be done without compass? / Compass áááŸááá² traverse áá¯ááºááá¯ááºááá¬áž?
A: Yes, using Total Station only. / áá¯ááºáááºá Total Station áá¬ááŒáá·áº áá¯ááºááá¯ááºáááºáQ: What is an open traverse? / Open Traverse ááá¯áá¬áá¬áá²?
A: Traverse that does not return to start point. / á áááºáá¬áá±áá¬ááá¯á· áááŒááºáá±á¬ traverse ááŒá áºáááºáQ: What is a closed traverse? / Closed Traverse ááá¯áá¬áá¬áá²?
A: Traverse that forms a loop returning to start. / á áááºáá¬áá±áá¬ááá¯á· ááŒááºáá±á¬ááºááŒá®áž á¡á ááºááá¯ááºážááŒá áºáá±á¬ traverseáQ: What is a station mark? / Station Mark ááá¯áá¬áá¬áá²?
A: Fixed point on the ground used as reference. / ááŒá±ááŒááºáá±á«áºááœáẠá¡á ááºá¡áááºá¡ááœáŸááºážá¡ááœáẠáááºááŸááºáá¬ážáá±á¬ á¡ááŸááºáQ: Why record bearing in field notes? / Bearing ááᯠField Note ááœáẠááŸááºáá¬ážáááá¬áž?
A: For calculation and map plotting later. / áá±á¬ááºáá¯á¶ážááœáẠááœááºáá»ááºááŒááºážááŸáá·áº ááŒá±áá¯á¶ááœá²áááºáQ: How is line bearing adjusted if instrument is misaligned? / Instrument ááá®áá»áŸáẠline bearing ááᯠáááºááᯠááŒááºááá²?
A: Rotate and re-level the Total Station. / Total Station ááᯠááŸáá·áºááŒá®áž level ááŒááºáá»áááºáá«á
ð E-Learning Module: Setting Out Coordinates in Field Using Total Station (S-O Mode)
Dual Language: English + Myanmar
1. Reading MaterialÂ
1. Introduction / áááá«ááºáž
English:
Setting out coordinates is a critical process in site engineering to transfer points from the plan to the ground accurately. Using a Total Station in S-O Mode (Set Out Mode) allows surveyors to precisely locate points defined by X, Y, Z coordinates for construction, roads, pipelines, or building layouts.Myanmar:
Coordinate áá»á¬ážááᯠááŒá±ááŒááºáá±á«áºááá¯á· áááá»á áœá¬ áá¯á¶á á¶ááŒá±á¬ááºážááŒááºážááẠSite Engineering ááœáẠá¡áá±ážááŒá®ážáááºá Total Station S-O Mode (Set Out Mode) ááᯠá¡áá¯á¶ážááŒá¯ááŒá®áž Surveyor áá»á¬ážááẠX, Y, Z Coordinate áá»á¬ážááᯠáááá»á áœá¬ áááºáá±áá¬áá»áá¬ážááá¯ááºááŒá®áž á¡áá±á¬ááºá¡áŠážá áááºážá ááá¯ááºááá¯ááºáž ááá¯á·ááá¯áẠá¡ááŒá±áá¶ Layout áá»á¬ážááœáẠá¡áá¯á¶ážááŒá¯ááá¯ááºáááºá
2. Total Station Setup / Total Station áááºáááºááŒááºáž
Mount the Total Station on a tripod and center over the station mark.
Level the instrument using foot screws.
Initialize the Total Station and enter reference station coordinates.
Activate S-O Mode for coordinate input.
ááŒááºáá¬:
Total Station ááᯠtripod áá±á«áºááœáẠáááºáááºááŒá®áž station mark á¡áááºááœáẠáááºáá±áá¬á áá á áºáá«á
Foot screws á¡áá¯á¶ážááŒá¯ááŒá®áž level áá¯ááºáá«á
Total Station ááᯠinitialize ááŒá®áž reference station coordinates ááá·áºáá«á
Coordinate input á¡ááœáẠS-O Mode ááᯠááœáá·áºáá«á
3. Entering Coordinates / Coordinate ááá·áºááŒááºáž
Input the X, Y, Z coordinates of points to be set out from the design plan.
Ensure correct units (meters or feet) are used.
Verify the input before starting staking.
ááŒááºáá¬:
Design Plan á¡á áááºáá±áá¬áá»ááẠX, Y, Z coordinate áá»á¬ážááᯠááá·áºáá«á
á¡ááá¯ááºážá¡áá¬áá»á¬áž (meters / feet) ááŸááºááŸáẠáá¯á¶ážáá¬ážáá±áá»á¬áá«á á±á
Staking áá áááºáá® Input ááᯠá¡ááá¡áá» á á áºáá±ážáá«á
4. Setting Out Points / Field Staking
Sight the prism or reflector at the target coordinate.
Adjust instrument or prism until the point is aligned.
Stake or mark the point on the ground.
Repeat for all coordinates from the plan.
ááŒááºáá¬:
Target coordinate á¡ááœáẠprism ááá¯á· reflector ááᯠáááºááœáŸááºážáá«á
Point alignment áááŒá áºáá±ážáá«á instrument ááá¯á· prism ááᯠááŒááºáá«á
ááŒá±ááŒááºáá±á«áºááœáẠpoint ááᯠstake ááá¯á·ááá¯áẠmark áá¯ááºáá«á
Plan á¡á¬ážáá¯á¶ážááŸá coordinate áá»á¬ážá¡ááœáẠááŒááºáááºáá¯ááºáá±á¬ááºáá«á
5. Applications / á¡áá¯á¶ážáá»ááŸá¯áá»á¬áž
Building layout and foundation points
Road and highway construction
Pipeline alignment
Bridge and infrastructure construction
ááŒááºáá¬:
á¡áá±á¬ááºá¡áŠáž layout ááŸáá·áº á¡ááŒá±áá¶á¡ááŸááºáá»á¬áž
áááºážááŸáá·áº Highway ááá¯ááºážáá¬ááŒááºáž
Pipeline alignment
áá¶áá¬ážááŸáá·áº á¡ááŒá±áá¶á¡áá±á¬ááºá¡áŠážáá»á¬áž
2. YouTube Reference
ð Total Station Set Out Tutorial | S-O Mode
3. FAQs (10 Dual-Language)
Q: What is S-O Mode in Total Station? / S-O Mode ááá¯áá¬áá¬áá²?
A: Set Out Mode used to stake coordinates in the field. / ááŒá±ááŒááºáá±á«áºááœáẠCoordinate áá»á¬áž á áááºáá¬ážááẠá¡áá¯á¶ážááŒá¯áá±á¬ Mode ááŒá áºáááºáQ: Why is setting out coordinates important? / Coordinate set out á¡áá±ážááŒá®ážááá·áºá¡ááŒá±á¬ááºáž?
A: Ensures design plan points are correctly transferred to the ground. / Design Plan á¡ááŸááºáá»á¬ážááᯠááŒá±ááŒááºáá±á«áº áááá»á áœá¬ ááŒá±á¬ááºážáááºá¡ááœááºáQ: Can S-O Mode work without a prism? / Prism áááŸááá² S-O Mode áá¯ááºááá¯ááºááá¬áž?
A: No, prism or reflector is required for accurate targeting. / Prism ááá¯á· reflector ááá¯á¡ááºáááºáQ: How are coordinates entered? / Coordinate áá»á¬ážááᯠáááºááᯠááá·áºááá²?
A: Input X, Y, Z from the design plan in the instrument. / Design Plan á¡á X, Y, Z ááᯠinstrument áá²ááœáẠááá·áºáá«áQ: What unit should be used for coordinates? / Coordinate á¡ááœáẠunit áá¬á¡áá¯á¶ážááŒá¯ááá·áºááá²?
A: Meters or feet as per plan. / Plan á¡ááá¯ááºáž meters ááá¯á· feet á¡áá¯á¶ážááŒá¯áá«áQ: How to verify a set out point? / Set out point ááᯠáááºááᯠá á áºááá²?
A: Check the point with instrument readings and field notes. / Instrument readings ááŸáá·áº Field Note áá»á¬ážááŸáá¯ááºážá á áºáá«áQ: Can multiple points be staked at once? / á¡ááŸááºáá»á¬áž áá»á¬ážá áœá¬ ááᯠáááŒáá¯ááºááẠstake áá¯ááºááá¯ááºááá¬áž?
A: Yes, by entering all coordinates sequentially. / Coordinate áá»á¬ážááᯠá¡á ááºááá¯áẠááá·áºááŒá®áž áá¯ááºááá¯ááºáááºáQ: What if the point is misaligned? / Point alignment ááŸá¬ážáá±áá«á?
A: Adjust instrument or prism to correct the point. / Instrument ááá¯á· prism ááᯠááŒááºá ááŒááºá áœááºážáá±á¬ááºáá«áQ: What type of projects use S-O Mode? / S-O Mode ááᯠáááºááᯠproject áá»á¬ážááœáẠá¡áá¯á¶ážááŒá¯ááá²?
A: Construction, roads, pipelines, bridges. / á¡áá±á¬ááºá¡áŠáž, áááºáž, Pipeline, áá¶áá¬ážáá»á¬ážáQ: Is prior Total Station calibration necessary? / Total Station ááᯠá áááºááá¯ááºáá® Calibration áá¯ááºáááá¬áž?
A: Yes, for accurate measurements. / áá¯ááºáááºá áááá»áá±á¬ááá¯ááºážáá¬ááŸá¯á¡ááœáẠááá¯á¡ááºáááºá
ð Total Station Survey and Layout
(Dual Language: English + Myanmar)
1. Reading Material
Introduction / áááá«ááºáž
English:
A Total Station is a modern surveying instrument that combines the functions of a theodolite (angle measurement), EDM (Electronic Distance Measurement), and computer processing. It is widely used for surveying (measuring coordinates) and layout (marking points on the ground).Myanmar:
Total Station ááẠTheodolite (áá±á¬áá·áºááá¯ááºážáá¬ááŒááºáž), EDM (á¡ááœá¬á¡áá±áž ááá¯ááºážáá¬ááŒááºáž) ááŸáá·áº ááœááºáá»á°áᬠááœááºáá»ááºááŸá¯ááá¯á·ááᯠáá±á«ááºážá ááºáá¬ážááá·áº áá±á¬ááºáá¯á¶ážáá±á«áº Surveying áááááá¬ááŒá áºáááºá áááºážááᯠSurveying (Coordinate ááá¯ááºážáá¬ááŒááºáž) ááŸáá·áº Layout (ááŒá±ááŒááºáá±á«áºááŸááºáá¬ážááŒááºáž) á¡ááœáẠá¡áá»á¬ážáá¯á¶áž á¡áá¯á¶ážááŒá¯áááºá
Surveying with Total Station / Total Station ááŒáá·áº Surveying
Steps:
Set up instrument on tripod, center and level.
Input job details and station coordinates.
Backsight orientation for reference.
Measure angles, distances, and record points.
Export data for mapping or CAD.
ááŒááºáá¬:
Tripod áá±á«áºááœáẠáááºáááºááŒá®áž Center ááŸáá·áº Level áá¯ááºáá«á
Job á¡áá»ááºá¡áááºáá»á¬ážááŸáá·áº Station Coordinate áá»á¬áž ááá·áºáá«á
Orientation á¡ááœáẠBacksight áá¯á¶ážáá«á
áá±á¬áá·áºá á¡ááœá¬á¡áá±ážááá¯ááºážááŒá®áž á¡áá»ááºá¡ááẠááŸááºáá¬ážáá«á
Mapping ááá¯á·ááá¯áẠCAD á¡ááœáẠData Export áá¯ááºáá«á
Layout with Total Station / Total Station ááŒáá·áº Layout
Steps:
Select S-O (Set Out) Mode.
Enter design coordinates (X, Y, Z).
Instrument directs prism to correct position.
Adjust prism until deviation = 0.
Stake or mark the design point.
ááŒááºáá¬:
S-O Mode ááᯠááœá±ážáá»ááºáá«á
Design Coordinate (X, Y, Z) ááá·áºáá«á
Prism áááºáá±áá¬ááᯠInstrument ááŒáá«áááºá
Deviation 0 ááŒá áºááá·áºá¡áá Prism ááá¯ááŸááá«á
Design Point ááᯠááŒá±ááŒááºáá±á«áº ááŸááºáá¬ážáá«á
Applications / á¡áá¯á¶ážáá»ááŸá¯áá»á¬áž
Topographic surveys
Road & bridge alignment
Building foundation and layout
Utility and pipeline construction
ááŒááºáá¬:
ááŒá±áá»ááºááŸá¬ááŒáẠááá¯ááºážáá¬ááŒááºáž
áááºážá áá¶áá¬áž Alignment
á¡áá±á¬ááºá¡áŠáž á¡ááŒá±áá¶ááŸáá·áº Layout
Utility ááŸáá·áº Pipeline áááºáááºááŒááºáž
2. YouTube Learning Link
ð How to Use a Total Station for Survey and Layout
3. FAQs (10 â Dual Language)
Q: What is a Total Station? / Total Station ááá¯áá¬áá¬áá²?
A: A device that measures angles, distances, and coordinates. / áá±á¬áá·áºá á¡ááœá¬á¡áá±ážá Coordinate áá»á¬áž ááá¯ááºážáá¬ááá¯ááºáá±á¬ áááááá¬áQ: What is the difference between surveying and layout? / Surveying ááŸáá·áº Layout ááŒá¬ážááœá¬ááŒá¬ážáá»ááºáááºáá²?
A: Surveying = measuring existing positions; Layout = marking design points. / Surveying ááẠáááºááŸááá±ááá·áºá¡áá»ááºá¡áááºáá»á¬áž ááá¯ááºážáá¬ááŒááºážá Layout ááẠDesign Point áá»á¬áž ááá·áºááœááºážááŒááºážááŒá áºáááºáQ: What is S-O Mode? / S-O Mode ááá¯áá¬áá¬áá²?
A: It is Set-Out mode for marking points. / Point áá»á¬áž áááºááŸááºááẠáá¯á¶ážááá·áº Mode ááŒá áºáááºáQ: Can Total Station transfer data? / Data ááœáŸá²ááŒá±á¬ááºážááá¯ááºááá¬áž?
A: Yes, via USB or SD card. / áá¯ááºáááºá USB ááá¯á·ááá¯áẠSD Card ááŒáá·áºáQ: How accurate is a Total Station? / Total Station áááá»ááŸá¯áááºáá±á¬ááºáá²?
A: Accuracy ranges from 2â to 5â. / 2â á០5â á¡áá áááá»ááá¯ááºáááºáQ: Can Total Station be used at night? / ááááºá¡áá¯á¶ážááŒá¯ááá¯ááºááá¬áž?
A: Yes, with prism and lighting. / áá¯ááºáááºá Prism ááŸáá·áº á¡áááºážáá±á¬áẠáá«áááºáá«ááQ: What is backsight? / Backsight ááá¯áá¬áá¬áá²?
A: Reference direction used for orientation. / Orientation á¡ááœáẠá¡áá¯á¶ážááŒá¯ááá·áº ááœáŸááºááŒááá·áºá¡áá»ááºáQ: How is data processed? / Data ááᯠáááºááᯠá á®áá¶ááá²?
A: Exported to CAD/GIS software. / CAD/GIS Software ááá¯á· Export áá¯ááºáááºáQ: What power does a Total Station use? / áᬠpower áá¯á¶ážááá²?
A: Rechargeable battery. / ááŒááºáááºá¡á¬ážááœááºážááá¯ááºáá±á¬ áááºááá®áQ: What projects use Total Station most? / ááẠProject ááœá±ááŸá¬ á¡áá¯á¶ážáá»á¬ážáá²?
A: Roads, buildings, bridges, pipelines. / áááºážá á¡áá±á¬ááºá¡áŠážá áá¶áá¬ážá Pipeline áá»á¬ážá
ð How to Use a Total Station
Total Station ááᯠáááºááᯠá¡áá¯á¶ážááŒá¯ááá²
1. Reading MaterialÂ
Introduction / áááá«ááºáž
English:
A Total Station is a versatile electronic surveying instrument that integrates angle measurement, distance measurement, and coordinate calculation. It is used for both surveying (collecting existing site data) and setting out (marking design points on the ground).Myanmar:
Total Station ááẠáá±á¬áá·áºááá¯ááºážáá¬ááŒááºážá á¡ááœá¬á¡áá±ážááá¯ááºážáá¬ááŒááºážá Coordinate ááœááºáá»ááºááŒááºáž á áááºááá¯á·ááᯠáá±á«ááºážá ááºáá¬ážááá·áº á¡á®áááºáááœááºážáá ẠSurvey áááááᬠááŒá áºáááºá áááºážááᯠSurveying (Site á¡áá»ááºá¡áááºá á¯áá±á¬ááºážááŒááºáž) ááŸáá·áº Setting Out (Design Point áá»á¬áž ááŒá±ááŒááºáá±á«áºááŸááºáá¬ážááŒááºáž) á¡ááœáẠá¡áá¯á¶ážááŒá¯áááºá
Basic Steps to Use a Total Station / á¡áá¯á¶ážááŒá¯áá¯á¶ á¡ááá·áºáá»á¬áž
Setup on Tripod / Tripod áá±á«áºááœáẠáááºáááºááŒááºáž
Place instrument securely, perform centering (over survey point) and leveling.
áááááá¬ááᯠTripod áá±á«áºááœáẠáááºááŒá®áž Survey Point áá±á«áºááœáẠCentering ááŸáá·áº Leveling áá¯ááºáá«á
Station Setup / Station áááºáá±á¬ááºááŒááºáž
Input job name, instrument height, and station coordinates.
Job á¡áááºá áááááᬠá¡ááŒáá·áºá Station Coordinate áá»á¬áž ááá·áºááœááºážáá«á
Backsight Orientation / Orientation ááŒá¯áá¯ááºááŒááºáž
Aim at a known reference point (backsight) and record angle.
á¡ááŒáá¯ááºá¡ááŸáẠ(Backsight) ááᯠááœáŸááºááŒá®áž áá±á¬áá·áºááᯠááŸááºáá¬ážáá«á
Data Collection / á¡áá»ááºá¡ááẠá á¯áá±á¬ááºážááŒááºáž
Sight prism target, measure angles and distances, record points (X, Y, Z).
Prism ááᯠááœáŸááºááŒá®áž áá±á¬áá·áºá á¡ááœá¬á¡áá±áž ááá¯ááºážá (X, Y, Z) ááŸááºáá¬ážáá«á
Setting Out / ááŒá±ááŒááºáá±á«áºááŸááºáá¬ážááŒááºáž
Select S-O Mode, input design coordinates.
Follow instrument guidance to align prism until deviation is zero.
S-O Mode ááá¯ááœá±ážá Design Coordinate ááá·áºáá«á Prism ááᯠááŸáááŒá®áž Deviation = 0 ááŒá áºá¡á±á¬ááºáá¯ááºáá«á
Data Export / Data áá¯ááºáá°ááŒááºáž
Transfer collected data via USB, SD card, or Bluetooth to CAD/GIS software.
Data ááᯠUSBá SD Card ááá¯á·ááá¯áẠBluetooth ááŒáá·áº CAD/GIS Software ááá¯á· ááá¯á·áá«á
Applications / á¡áá¯á¶ážáá»ááá¯ááºáá±á¬ áá±áá¬áá»á¬áž
Topographic mapping
Road and bridge alignment
Building and foundation layout
Utilities and pipeline works
ááŒááºáá¬:
ááŒá±áá»ááºááŸá¬ááŒááºááŒá±áá¯á¶ ááá°ááŒááºáž
áááºážá áá¶áá¬áž Alignment
á¡áá±á¬ááºá¡áŠáž ááŸáá·áº á¡ááŒá±áá¶ Layout
Utility ááŸáá·áº Pipeline á¡áá¯ááºáá»á¬áž
2. YouTube Learning Link
ð How to Use a Total Station (Step by Step Guide)
3. FAQs (10 â Dual Language)
Q: What is a Total Station? / Total Station ááá¯áá¬áá¬áá²?
A: A surveying instrument for angles, distances, and coordinates. / áá±á¬áá·áºá á¡ááœá¬á¡áá±ážááŸáá·áº Coordinate ááá¯ááºážáᬠSurvey áááááá¬áQ: Why is leveling important? / Leveling á¡áá±ážááŒá®ážááá¬áž?
A: Ensures accuracy of all measurements. / ááá¯ááºážáá¬ááŸá¯áá»á¬áž áááá»á á±ááẠá¡áá±ážááŒá®ážáááºáQ: What is S-O Mode? / S-O Mode ááá¯áá¬áá¬áá²?
A: Set-Out mode used for layout. / ááŒá±ááŒááºáá±á«áºááŸááºáá¬ážáá¬ááœáẠá¡áá¯á¶ážááŒá¯áááºáQ: Can Total Station store data? / Data ááá¯ááááºážááá¯ááºááá¬áž?
A: Yes, in internal memory or external devices. / áá¯ááºáááºá á¡ááœááºáž memory ááá¯á·ááá¯áẠá¡ááŒáẠdevices ááœáẠááááºážááá¯ááºáááºáQ: How accurate is a Total Station? / áááá»ááŸá¯ áááºáá±á¬ááºáá²?
A: Between 2ââ5â angular accuracy. / 2ââ5â á¡ááœááºáž áááá»áááºáQ: What is a backsight? / Backsight ááá¯áá¬áá¬áá²?
A: Reference point for orientation. / Orientation á¡ááœáẠá¡áá¯á¶ážááŒá¯ááá·áº á¡ááŸááºáQ: Can Total Station be used without a prism? / Prism ááá«áá² áá¯á¶ážááá¯á·ááá¬áž?
A: Some models allow reflectorless mode. / á¡áá»áá¯á·áááááá¬áá»á¬ážááœáẠReflectorless Mode ááŒáá·áº áááá¯ááºáááºáQ: What power supply does it use? / áᬠpower áá¯á¶ážááá²?
A: Rechargeable battery. / ááŒááºáááºá¡á¬ážááœááºážááá¯ááºáá±á¬ áááºááá®áQ: Which software is used with Total Station? / ááẠsoftware áá¯á¶ážáá²?
A: CAD, GIS, or surveying software. / CAD, GIS ááá¯á· Survey Software áá»á¬ážáQ: What projects mostly use Total Station? / ááẠProject ááœá±ááŸá¬ á¡áá¯á¶ážáá»á¬ážáá²?
A: Roads, buildings, bridges, land development. / áááºážá á¡áá±á¬ááºá¡áŠážá áá¶áá¬ážá ááŒá±ááœá¶á·ááŒáá¯ážáá±ážá

|
Device |
Channel |
Inspection Method |
Inspection Reagent |
Maintenance Reagent |
|
3-part HA |
WBC/HGB channel |
Impedance/colorimetric method |
Diluent Lyse |
EZ cleaner Probe cleaner |
|
 |
RBC channel |
Impedance method |
Diluent |
SUMMARY
Purpose of the Law
To regulate the export and import of goods in Myanmar.
To prevent illegal trading and ensure compliance with international trade obligations.
To promote fair trade and protect the interests of the State.
Key Provisions
Prohibitions: No person shall export or import restricted, prohibited, or banned goods.
Licensing: For specified goods, a person must obtain a valid export/import license from the relevant government authority (usually the Ministry of Commerce).
Compliance: Traders must follow the rules, notifications, and directives issued under the law.
Powers of the Authorities
The Ministry of Commerce has the authority to regulate, supervise, and issue notifications regarding permitted, restricted, or banned goods.
Customs officers and other officials are empowered to inspect, seize, or take action against illegal goods.
Penalties
Anyone who violates the prohibitions (e.g., smuggling, trading without license) shall be punishable with:
Imprisonment for a term not exceeding 3 years, or
Fine, or
Both imprisonment and fine.
Appeals
Any person dissatisfied with an order or decision under this law has the right to appeal to the relevant authority within the prescribed period.
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ð Fujifilm DocuWorks eLearning Module Outline
Title: Digital Document Management with Fujifilm DocuWorks Duration: 60â90 minutes Languages: English ð¬ð§ & Myanmar ð²ð² Audience: Office staff, administrators, document controllers, IT support teams
ð§© Module 1: Introduction to DocuWorks
Objective: Understand what DocuWorks is and why it matters
What is Fujifilm DocuWorks?
Benefits of digital document management
Real-world use cases
Interface overview: DocuWorks Desk & Viewer
ááŒááºáá¬áá¬áá¬ááŒáá·áº
Fujifilm DocuWorks ááá¯áá¬áá¬áá²
áá áºáá»á áºááẠá á¬ááœááºá á®áá¶ááá·áºááœá²ááŸá¯áá²á· á¡áá»áá¯ážáá»á±ážáá°áž
á¡áá¯á¶ážááŒá¯ááŸá¯áááºáááºáá»á¬áž
áá»ááºááŸá¬ááŒááºáá±á¬áºááŒáá»ááº
ð§° Module 2: Core Features & Tools
Objective: Learn how to use key functions
Creating and editing PDFs
Annotation tools: highlight, stamp, draw
Stacking/Unstacking documents
Using Binder and Clear Folder
Integration with Microsoft Office
Cloud access and sharing
ááŒááºáá¬áá¬áá¬ááŒáá·áº
PDF áááºáá®ážááŒááºážááŸáá·áº áááºážááŒááºááŒááºáž
ááŸááºáá»ááºááá·áºááŒááºáž (á¡áááºá¡ááŒááºá áá¶ááááºá áá¯á¶ááœá²ááŒááºáž)
á á¬ááœááºáá»á¬áž á á¯ááŒá®áž/ááœá²ááŒááºáž
Binder ááŸáá·áº Clear Folder á¡áá¯á¶ážááŒá¯ááŒááºáž
Microsoft Office ááŸáá·áº áá±á«ááºážá ááºážááŒááºáž
Cloud ááŸáá áºááá·áº áá±áá»áŸááŒááºáž
ð Module 3: Security & Access
Objective: Understand how DocuWorks protects your data
Encryption and access control
Version tracking
Secure sharing options
User permissions and roles
ááŒááºáá¬áá¬áá¬ááŒáá·áº
á á¬ááœááºáá¯á¶ááŒá¯á¶áá±áž (á áááºáá¯ááºááŒááºážá áááºáá±á¬ááºááœáá·áºááááºážáá»á¯ááºááŸá¯)
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áá¯á¶ááŒá¯á¶á áœá¬ áá±áá»áŸááŒááºáž
á¡áá¯á¶ážááŒá¯áá°ááœáá·áºááŒá¯áá»ááºáá»á¬áž
𧪠Module 4: Hands-On Practice
Objective: Apply what youâve learned
Simulated tasks:
Annotate a document
Stack and organize files
Convert Word to DocuWorks format
Share a file securely
Guided walkthroughs
Practice exercises
ááŒááºáá¬áá¬áá¬ááŒáá·áº
áááºááœá±á·áá¯ááºáá±á¬ááºááŸá¯
á á¬ááœááºáá áºáá¯ááᯠááŸááºáá»ááºááá·áºááŒááºáž
á á¬ááœááºáá»á¬áž á á¯ááŒá®áž á á®áá¶ááŒááºáž
Word ááá¯ááºááᯠDocuWorks format ááá¯á· ááŒá±á¬ááºážááŒááºáž
á á¬ááœááºááᯠáá¯á¶ááŒá¯á¶á áœá¬ áá±áá»áŸááŒááºáž
ð Module 5: Review & Assessment
Objective: Reinforce learning and test understanding
Summary of key points
10 Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)
10 Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
Certificate of Completion (optional)
ááŒááºáá¬áá¬áá¬ááŒáá·áº
á¡áááá¡áá»ááºáá»á¬áž ááŒááºáááºáá¯á¶ážáááºááŒááºáž
áá±ážááœááºážáá»á¬ážááŒáá·áº á ááºážáááºááŒááºáž
áá±ážáá±á·ááŸááá±á¬ áá±ážááœááºážáá»á¬áž
áááºáá±áá¶áááºááŸáẠ(ááœá±ážáá»ááºááá¯ááºáááº)
Would you like this turned into a presentation, printable handout, or interactive module next? I can help build it out!
ð¹ Common Modes (á¡áá¯á¶ážáá»á¬ážáá±á¬ áá¯ááºáá»á¬áž)
| Mode Type | English Description | Myanmar Description |
|---|---|---|
Full Color![]() | Captures all visible colors | ááŒááºááá¯ááºáá±á¬ á¡áá±á¬ááºá¡á¬ážáá¯á¶ážááᯠááááºážáááºážááẠ|
Grayscale![]() | Displays shades from black to white | á¡áááºá០á¡ááŒá°á¡áá áá®ážááá¯ážáá±á¬ááºáá»á¬áž ááŒáááẠ|
Red-Free![]() | Filters out red light to enhance vessels | ááœá±ážááŒá±á¬áá»á¬ážááᯠááá¯ááá¯ááŒááºáá¬á á±ááẠá¡áá®áá±á¬áẠáááºááŸá¬ážááẠ- with Green Filter |
Infrared![]() | Uses infrared light for deeper tissue imaging | á¡á-áá±á¬ááºá¡á±á¬ááºáá±á¬ááºááŒááºááŒáá·áº á¡ááœááºážááá¯ááºážá¡áá±á¬ááºááŒááºááŒááºáž |

ð Topcon IMAGEnet eLearning Modules â Dual Language (English | ááŒááºáá¬)
Module 1: Introduction to Topcon IMAGEnet
Training Content:
Overview of the system | á áá áºá¡ááŒá±á¬ááºážá¡áá¬
Purpose and applications in ophthalmology | áá»ááºá áááá¯ááºáᬠá¡áá¯á¶ážáá»ááá¯ááºááŸá¯
System components | á áá áºá¡á áááºá¡ááá¯ááºážáá»á¬áž
Broad view of Topcon IMAGEnet | ááŒááºááœááºážáá»ááºáá»ááºáá²á· Topcon IMAGEnet
ð¥ð Multimedia Elements:
Animated intro video explaining system overview
Infographic showing system components
Voiceover narration in English and Myanmar
Clickable glossary terms with audio pronunciation
Module 2: Patient Registration and Data Management
Training Content:
Creating and managing patient profiles | áá°áá¬ááŸááºáááºáž áááºáá®ážááŒááºážááŸáá·áº á á®áá¶ááá·áºááœá²ááŸá¯
Importing and exporting data | áá±áá¬ááá·áºááœááºážááŒááºážááŸáá·áº áá¯ááºáá°ááŒááºáž
Data security and backup | áá±áá¬áá¯á¶ááŒá¯á¶áá±ážááŸáá·áº áááá¹áá°áá°ááŸá¯
ð¥ð Multimedia Elements:
Screen recording of patient registration workflow
Interactive form simulation for practice
Dual-language subtitles on video walkthrough
Drag-and-drop activity to match data fields
Module 3: Image Acquisition Workflow
Training Content:
Connecting devices (fundus camera, OCT, etc.) | áááááá¬áá»áááºáááºááŒááºáž (Fundus Camera, OCT á áááº)
Capture settings and protocols | áá¯á¶ááá¯áẠá¡á á®á¡á ááºááŸáá·áº áááºážáááºážáá»á¬áž
Live preview and image capture | áá»ááºááŸá¬ááŒááºá¡áá»ááºááŒáẠááŒáá·áºááŸá¯ááŒááºážááŸáá·áº áá¯á¶ááá¯ááºááŒááºáž
Image acquisition process | áá¯á¶ááá¯ááºááŒááºážáá¯ááºáááºážá ááº
ð¥ð Multimedia Elements:
Live demo video of device connection and capture
Step-by-step image capture flowchart
Device diagram with clickable parts
Quiz with image-based questions
Module 4: Image Review and Analysis
Training Content:
Viewing and comparing images | áá¯á¶ááŒáá·áºááŒááºážááŸáá·áº ááŸáá¯ááºážááŸááºááŒááºáž
Zoom, pan, brightness, contrast adjustments | áá»á²á·ááŒáá·áºá ááœáŸá±á·ááŒáá·áºá áá±á¬ááºáááŸá¯á áááºážááŸá±á¬ááºááŸáááŒááºáž
Annotation and measurement tools | ááŸááºáá»ááºááá·áºááŒááºážááŸáá·áº ááá¯ááºážáá¬áááááá¬áá»á¬áž
ð¥ð Multimedia Elements:
Before/after image comparison slider
Interactive brightness/contrast tool
Measurement tool simulation
Annotation practice exercise
Module 5: Specialized Imaging Techniques
Training Content:
Red-free imaging | á¡áá®áá±á¬ááºáááºáž áá¯á¶ááá¯ááºáááºáž
Fluorescein angiography | Fluorescein ááœá±ážááŒá±á¬áá¬ááºáá¯á¶
Infrared and autofluorescence modes | á¡áá®á¡á±á¬ááºáá±á¬ááºááŸáá·áº Auto-fluorescence áá¯á¶á á¶áá»á¬áž
Specialized imaging methods | á¡áá°ážáá¯á¶ááááºáááºážáááºážáá»á¬áž
ð¥ð Multimedia Elements:
Short explainer videos for each technique (Red-Free, FA, IR)
Overlay diagrams showing light spectrum usage
Case study gallery with real patient images
Voice-guided walkthroughs in both languages
Module 6: OCT Integration
Training Content:
OCT image capture | OCT áá¯á¶ááá¯ááºááŒááºáž
Layer analysis and segmentation | á¡ááœáŸá¬ááœá²ááŒá¬ážááŒá®áž áá¯á¶ážáááºááŒááºáž
Reporting and interpretation | á¡á á®áááºáá¶á á¬áá±ážááœá²ááŒááºážááŸáá·áº á¡áááá¹áá«ááºáá±á¬áºááŒááºáž
ð¥ð Multimedia Elements:
Layer segmentation animation
Interactive OCT scan viewer
Dual-language narrated case interpretation
Clickable OCT terminology glossary
Module 7: Report Generation and Printing
Training Content:
Creating diagnostic reports | ááœá²á áááºá¡áá²ááŒáẠá¡á á®áááºáá¶á ᬠáááºáá®ážááŒááºáž
Exporting images and data | áá¯á¶ááŸáá·áº áá±áᬠáá¯ááºáá°ááŒááºáž
Printing and sharing options | áá¯á¶ááŸáááºááŒááºážááŸáá·áº áá»áŸáá±áá±áž á¡ááá·áºáá»á¬áž
ð¥ð Multimedia Elements:
Video tutorial on report creation
Downloadable sample reports
Interactive checklist for report steps
Print simulation tool
Module 8: System Settings and User Management
Training Content:
User login and roles | á¡áá¯á¶ážááŒá¯áá°áááºáá±á¬ááºááŸá¯ááŸáá·áº á¡áááºážááá¹ááá»á¬áž
Software updates | áá±á¬á·ááºáá² á¡ááºááááºáá»á¬áž
Calibration and device settings | á áá áºááŸáááŒááºážááŸáá·áº áááááá¬áááºáááºáá»á¬áž
ð¥ð Multimedia Elements:
Settings dashboard walkthrough video
Role-based access simulation
Update and calibration animation
Interactive troubleshooting guide
Module 9: Troubleshooting and Support
Training Content:
Common issues and fixes | áááŒá¬áá ááŒá áºáá±á«áºáá±á¬ ááŒá¿áá¬áá»á¬ážááŸáá·áº ááŒá±ááŸááºážáááºážáá»á¬áž
Contacting technical support | áááºážááá¬á¡áá±á¬ááºá¡áá¶á· áááºááœááºááŒááºáž
Maintenance tips | ááááºážááááºážááŸá¯ á¡ááŒá¶ááŒá¯áá»ááºáá»á¬áž
ð¥ð Multimedia Elements:
FAQ video series
Decision tree for common issues
Clickable support contact map
Maintenance checklist PDF
Module 10: Knowledge Check & Certification
Training Content:
Dual-language MCQs | ááŸá áºáá¬áá¬á áá¬áž á ááºážáááºáá±ážááœááºážáá»á¬áž
Case-based scenarios | ááá°áá¬á¡ááŒá±áá¶ á¡ááŒá±á¡áá±áá»á¬áž
Completion certificate | áááºáááºážááŒá®ážáá¯á¶áž áááºááŸááº
ð¥ð Multimedia Elements:
Dual-language MCQs with instant feedback
Scenario-based video questions
Certificate generator
Progress tracker dashboard
Course Objective (áááºáááºážáááºááŸááºážáá»ááº)
English:
The primary objective of this training is to provide Concordia staff with the knowledge, tools, and strategies needed to create LinkedIn posts that consistently achieve strong impressions (200â1,000 per post) and healthy engagement rates (3â5%). By following professional posting practicesâsuch as using effective content formats, posting at optimal times, and actively engaging with followersâstaff will build a stronger online presence for Concordia, enhance the companyâs brand visibility, and contribute to business growth.ááŒááºáá¬:
á€áááºáááºážá á¡ááá áááºááŸááºážáá»ááºááŸá¬ Concordia áááºáááºážáá»á¬ážá¡á¬áž ááá¯á·á áºáá áºáá¯áá»áŸáẠááŒááºáá¬ááŸá¯ (áááâá,ááá) ááŸáá·áº áá«áááºáá±á¬ááºááœááºááŸá¯ááŸá¯ááºáž (áâá %) ááá¯ážáááºá¡á±á¬áẠáá¯á¶ááŸááºáááºááá¯ááºááẠá¡ááááá¬á áááááá¬áá»á¬ážááŸáá·áº ááá¬áá»á°áá¬áá»á¬áž áá±ážáá±á¬ááºááẠááŒá áºáááºá á¡áá»áá¯ážááŸááá±á¬ á¡ááŒá±á¬ááºážá¡áá¬áá¯á¶á á¶áá»á¬áž á¡áá¯á¶ážááŒá¯ááŒááºážá á¡áá»áááºáá® ááá¯á·á áºáááºááŒááºážá Followers áá»á¬ážááŸáá·áº áá¯á¶á·ááŒááºáá±á«ááºážáááºážááŒááºáž á ááá·áº á¡ááá·áºáá® ááá¯á·á áºááẠáááºážáááºážáá»á¬ážááᯠááá¯ááºáá¬ááŒááºážá¡á¬ážááŒáá·áº Concordia á á¡áœááºááá¯ááºáž ááŸáááŸá¯á¡á¬áž ááá¯ážáááºá á±ááŒá®áž áá¯áá¹ááá®á á¡ááŸááºáá¶áááẠááŒááºáá¬ááŸá¯ááᯠááŒáŸáá·áºáááºáᬠá á®ážááœá¬ážáá±áž ááá¯ážáááºááŸá¯á¡ááœáẠááŸá¯á¶á·áá±á¬áºáá±ážááá¯ááºáááºááŒá áºáááºá
ð Why This Matters (á€áááºáááºáž á¡áá±ážááŒá®ážááá·áºá¡ááŒá±á¬ááºáž)
English:
LinkedIn is one of the most effective platforms for B2B networking, branding, and customer engagement. For Concordia, where we aim to maintain leadership in healthcare, engineering, and office automation industries, having a strong LinkedIn presence is essential. This training ensures that every staff member knows how to post in a way that strengthens our professional image, attracts potential clients, and improves stakeholder confidence.ááŒááºáá¬:
LinkedIn ááẠB2B Networkingá Branding ááŸáá·áº Customer Engagement á¡ááœáẠá¡áá»áá¯ážá¡áá»á¬ážáá¯á¶áž Platform áá»á¬ážáá²á០áá áºáá¯ááŒá áºáááºá Healthcareá Engineering ááŸáá·áº Office Automation ááá¹ááá»á¬ážááœáẠáŠážáá±á¬ááºáá±áá±á¬ Concordia á¡ááœáẠLinkedIn ááœáẠáá°áááºáž ááá¹áá±ááŸáááŸá¯ááᯠááááºážááááºážáá¬ážááẠá¡ááœááºá¡áá±ážááŒá®ážáááºá á€áááºáááºážááẠáááºáááºážáá áºáŠážáá»ááºážá á®ááẠConcordia á Professional Image ááᯠá¡á¬ážáá±ážáᬠáááºáá¶ááá¯ááºáá° áá±á¬ááºáááºáá»á¬ážááᯠááœá²áá±á¬ááºáááºááŸáá·áº Stakeholder áá»á¬ážá áá¯á¶ááŒááºááŸá¯ááᯠááŒáŸáá·áºáááºááẠááá¯á·á áºáááºáááºážáá»á¬ážááᯠááááŸáá¡á±á¬áẠá¡á¬ááá¶áá±ážáááºááŒá áºáááºá
ð Learning Outcomes (áááºáá°áááá·áº á¡áá»áá¯ážáá»á±ážáá°ážáá»á¬áž)
After completing this course, Concordia staff will be able to:
English:
Understand LinkedIn metrics (Impressions, Engagement Rate, CTR).
Develop effective content strategies using storytelling, videos, and carousels.
Apply best posting practices regarding timing, frequency, and consistency.
Implement engagement tactics such as polls, CTAs, and quick replies.
Track and analyze LinkedIn analytics to continuously improve performance.
ááŒááºáá¬:
á€áááºáááºážááᯠááŒá®ážáá¯á¶ážááŒá®ážáá±á¬áẠConcordia áááºáááºážáá»á¬ážááẠâ
áá LinkedIn Metrics áá»á¬áž (Impressionsá Engagement Rateá CTR) ááᯠáá¬ážáááºááá¯ááºáááºá
áá Storytellingá Video ááŸáá·áº Carousel áá»á¬áž á¡áá¯á¶ážááŒá¯á á¡áá»áá¯ážááŸááá±á¬ Content Strategy áá»á¬áž áááºáá®ážááá¯ááºáááºá
áá Posting Timingá Frequency ááŸáá·áº Consistency á¡ááœáẠá¡áá±á¬ááºážáá¯á¶áž áá±á·áá»áá·áºááŸá¯áá»á¬ážááᯠá¡áá¯á¶ážáá»ááá¯ááºáááºá
áá Pollsá CTA áá»á¬áž áá¯á¶ážááŒááºážááŸáá·áº Comments áá»á¬ážááᯠá¡ááŒááºááŒááºááŒááºážáá²á·ááá¯á· Engagement Strategy áá»á¬ážááᯠááá¯ááºáá¬ááá¯ááºáááºá
á á LinkedIn Analytics ááᯠá á±á¬áá·áºááŒáá·áºááŒááºážá áá»áááºááŸáááŒááºážááŒáá·áº Performance ááᯠáááºááẠááá¯ážáááºá¡á±á¬áẠáá¯ááºááá¯ááºáááºá
ð Benefits for Concordia (Concordia á¡ááœáẠá¡áá»áá¯ážáá»á±ážáá°ážáá»á¬áž)
For Staff (áááºáááºážáá»á¬ážá¡ááœááº): Gain skills to professionally represent Concordia online.
For Customers (áá±á¬ááºáááºáá»á¬ážá¡ááœááº): Access to useful knowledge, trust, and stronger engagement.
For Industry (á ááºááŸá¯áá¯ááºáááºážá¡ááœááº): Build Concordiaâs reputation as a thought leader.
For Myanmar (ááá¯ááºáá¶á¡ááœááº): Strengthen local presence in global professional networks.
For Concordia (áá¯áá¹ááá®á¡ááœááº): Increased brand visibility, client trust, and growth opportunities.
ð¯ Learning Objectives
- Understand cybersecurity risks specific to marketing and social media operations.
- Recognize how small security lapses (VPN, password sharing, payment linking) can lead to financial loss.
- Learn safe practices for Facebook, Instagram, Google Ads, and email campaigns.
- Know Concordiaâs approved procedures for online payments, VPN use, and data protection.
- Apply real-world preventive actions based on Concordiaâs 2025 Facebook Ads card misuse case.
ð¯ áááºáá°ááẠáááºááŸááºážáá»ááºáá»á¬áž
á€áááºáááºážááᯠáááºáá°ááŒá®ážáá¯á¶ážáá«áá áááºáááºážáá¬ážáá»á¬ážááẠá¡á±á¬ááºáá«ááá¯á·ááᯠááŒá¯áá¯ááºááá¯ááºá áœááºáž ááŸááá¬áááºááŒá áºáááº-
á á»á±ážááœááºááŸá¬ááœá±áá±ážááŸáá·áº áá°ááŸá¯áá®áá®áᬠáá¯ááºáááºážáá±á¬ááºáá¬áá»á¬ážá¡ááœáẠáá®ážááá·áºááŒá áºáá±á¬ ááá¯ááºáá¬áá¯á¶ááŒá¯á¶áá±áž á¡áá¹ááá¬ááºáá»á¬ážááá¯Â áá¬ážáááºááá±á¬áá±á«ááºááŒááºážá
ááá¯ááºáá¬áá¯á¶ááŒá¯á¶áá±áž á¡á¬ážáááºážáá»ááºáááºáá»á¬ážÂ (VPNá á áá¬ážááŸááºáá»áŸáá±ááŒááºážá ááœá±áá±ážáá»á±ááŸá¯ áá»áááºáááºááŒááºáž) ááẠááœá±ááŒá±ážáá¯á¶ážááŸá¯á¶ážááŸá¯ááá¯á· áááºááá¯á· áŠážáááºááá¯ááºáááºááᯠááááŸáááŒááºážá
Facebook, Instagram, Google Ads ááŸáá·áº á¡á®ážáá±ážáẠáááºááááºážáá»á¬ážÂ á¡ááœáẠáá±ážáááºážáá¯á¶ááŒá¯á¶áá±á¬ á¡áá±á·á¡áá»áá·áºáá»á¬ážááᯠáááºáá°ááŒááºážá
á¡áœááºááá¯ááºážááœá±áá±ážáá»á±ááŸá¯áá»á¬ážá VPN á¡áá¯á¶ážááŒá¯ááŒááºážááŸáá·áº áá±áá¬áá¬ááœááºááŒááºážááá¯ááºáᬠConcordia á á¡áááºááŒá¯áá¬ážáá±á¬ áá¯ááºáá¯á¶ážáá¯ááºáááºážáá»á¬ážááá¯Â ááááŸáááŒááºážá
Concordia á áááá Facebook Ads ááẠá¡ááœá²áá¯á¶ážá á¬ážáá¯ááºááŸá¯ ááŒá áºá ááºááŸÂ áááºáááºážá á¬áá°áá¬ážááá·áº áááºááœá±á·ááá¹áá¬ááá¯ááºáᬠáá¬ááœááºáá±ážáá¯ááºáá±á¬ááºáá»ááºáá»á¬ážááᯠá¡áá¯á¶ážáá»ááá¯ááºááŒááºážá











